1、Li Jingmin Luna1.Adjectives 2.Adverbs 3.The Comparative and the superlative 4.Derivative words LunaAdjectivesAdjectives LunaHow do we use adjectives?This is a special toilet.She said something mean to me.AttributiveAttributive定 语后置：somebody,someone,something,anybody,anyone,anything,nobody,nothing等不定
2、代词人或事物的性质、特征或状态study（书房）beautifulsmallroundoldyellowFrenchwooden LunaHow do we use adjectives?大哥限描大，二哥形龄颜AttributiveAttributive定 语限定词。the，my，a，this描绘性形容词。brave，beautiful大小、高低、长短等形容词。big，large年龄大小、新旧、年代等。young，old形状。round，square颜色。red，blue，green小弟籍物类，同站名词前国籍、地区、出处。Chinese，American物质材料的形容词。golden，wood
3、en表示类别、用途。medical，writing LunaHow do we use adjectives?AttributiveAttributive定 语study（书房）beautifulsmallroundoldyellowFrenchwooden美小圆旧黄法国木书房大 哥 限 描 大，二 哥 形 龄 颜，小 弟 籍 物 类，同 站 名 词 前。a beautiful small round old yellow French wooden study LunaPracticeAttributiveAttributive定 语1.American famous a universit
4、y（大学）2.red interesting French little an painting3.curly(卷曲的)long blond（金色的）beautiful hair4.big wooden useful brown a box 5.a yellow writing new nice wooden（木头的）desk6.Chinese red woolen(羊毛的)short beautiful new a coat LunaPracticeAttributiveAttributive定 语1.a famous American university（大学）2.an interest
5、ing little red French painting3.beautiful long curly blond hair4.a useful big brown wooden box 5.a nice new yellow wooden writing desk6.a beautiful short new red Chinese woolen coat LunaLi JingminHow do we use adjectives?PredicativePredicative表 语状态 be 表象 look,seem持续 keep 变化 become,grow,turn,get 感官 l
6、ook,sound,smell,taste,feel系动词之后。The park is beautiful.He looks upset.That sounds good.The leaves turn green in spring.ill(有病的),well,sorry,ready,alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake,afraid,等只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。Lunaobject object complementcomplement宾语补足语make/keep/find/leave+sb./sth.+adj.
7、This story makes me sad.Please keep the desk clean.I find it difficult to learn English well.Please leave the window open.Please get your tickets ready.表示宾语的性质、状态。Luna-fuluseful helpful harmful careful wonderful beautiful colorful表情感的名词表情感的名词-ful“有有的的”-y-alrainy windy cloudy sunny healthy lucky 表天气的
8、名词加-y“多的”national personal traditional-lylovely,lively,lonely,friendly,daily,weekly,yearly Luna-ablevaluable comfortable reasonable表情感的名词表情感的名词-able“有有的的”-less-ouscareless useless jobless homeless helpless 表情感的名词表情感的名词-less“不不的的”serious nervous famous delicious dangerous Luna-ing以-ing结尾的形容词一般修饰物，意为“
9、令人的”，常做定语。-ed以-ed结尾的形容词一般修饰人，意为“感到的”，常作表语。This is a surprising story.I am surprised at the news.I have an interesting book.He is interested in science.Have you heard of the exciting news？We are excited about the traveling.Luna1.只能作定语。2.有连字符。1.n.+V-ingEnglish-speaking;peace-loving;2.n.+doneman-made;s
10、now-covered 3.adj.+n.-edwarm-hearted;middle-aged 4.adj.+V-ingeasy-going;bad-smelling 复合形容词 Luna1.只能作定语。2.有连字符。5.adj.+n.full-time;part-time;6.数词+n.second-hand;three-day 7.数词+n.+adj.seven-year-old;180-foot-high8.数词+n-edOne-eyed;three-legged复合形容词 Luna A d v e r b s A d v e r b s LunaHow to use时间、地点、程度、
11、方式等修饰 动词、形容词、副词、整句话状语表语定语(少数地点时间）宾语补足语He works hard.Luckily,no one was hurt.Lets be out.I will be back.Let him out!I am pleased to see you back.The people there are friendly.Luna时间now,recently,later,then,today,tomorrow,yesterday,already,suddenly,early,etc.地点here,there,up,down,indoors,outside,abroad,
12、away,home,in,out,indoors,upstairs,etc.地点副词、时间副词和方式副词一般放在句末方式副词可放在动词前同时有地时，则地前时后时间前置可以表强调There you can see nice flowers.（here there 可在句首）We had an meeting here tomorrow.方式quietly,warmly,carefully,angrily,slowly,etc.（大部分由形容词加ly构成）表动词怎样地 Luna频度always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,hardly ever,never,onc
13、e,twice,etc.程度rather,pretty,quite,very,much,too,really,nearly,so,too,enough,etc.在be动词、情态动词及助动词之后，实义动词之前。I usually get to school by bus.He is always late for school.I will never forget this lesson.a.修饰动词时,与频度副词的情况相似。b.修饰形容词、副词时，放在所修饰的词前。副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。副词enough要后置。Luna疑问how,when,where,why,how
14、often,how long etc.（特殊疑问句）关系when,where,why（定语从句）其它性质的副词对整个句子进行说明，一般用逗号与主句隔开：generally（一般说来），luckily（幸运地是）等 LunaDerivative wordsDerivative words Lunaadj.adv.一般情况一般情况加加-lyquickquickly以辅音字母以辅音字母-y结尾结尾双音节词，变双音节词，变y为为i，加，加-ly单音节词，加单音节词，加-lyhappyhappilyshyshyly以以-ll结尾的结尾的加加-y full-fully以以-e结尾的单词结尾的单词辅音字母辅
15、音字母+e结尾，加结尾，加-ly；元音字母元音字母+e结尾，去结尾，去e加加-ly；以以le结尾，去结尾，去e加加-ywidewidelytruetrulyterribleterribly特殊变化：特殊变化：goodwell Lunaadj.adv.有些形容词本身为副词，同时也有加-ly的副词，但意思不同。wide 空间宽度;widely 广泛地，范围广地high 空间高度；highly程度，高度地，非常地deep 空间深度，具体；deeply感情上的，深深地close 靠近，具体意义closely抽象意义，仔细地，密切地late 晚，迟到lately最近，近来hard 努力地hardly 几
16、乎不 Luna常考点常考点such：限定词“如此的，这样的”such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数such+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数so：副词，修饰adj或adv.，表程度“这么，那么”so+adj./adv.so+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数so many/few+可数名词复数so much/little+不可数名词(即当复数和不可数前有many,few,much,little 修饰时，用so。)Luna常考点常考点too much+(u)，“太多的”too many+复数名词，“太多的”much too+形容词/副词原级，“太，非常”Luna常考点常考点sometimes“有
17、时”副词=at timessome times 名词短语“几次；几倍”sometime副词“某个时候”一般过去或一般将来some time名词短语“一段时间”Luna常考点常考点alone vs.lonelyasleep vs.sleepy vs.sleeping独自的（地）、单独的（地），强调无人陪伴。孤独的，寂寞的，含有感情色彩；荒凉的睡着的，只做表语。fall asleep表语，定语困倦的，想睡的，表定，feel sleepyalonelonelyasleep sleepingsleepy Luna常考点常考点alive vs.living vs.livelyaloud vs.loud
18、vs.loudly出声地，将声音发出，让别人听见。大声的/地，响亮的/地，声音强度大，传的远。大声地，常暗含嘈杂喧闹的意思活着的，有生命的，只做表语。活着的，有生命的。活泼的，充满生气的，表语定语aloud loud loudlyalivelivinglively LunaThe Comparative The Comparative and the superlative and the superlative Luna比 较 级&最 高 级 变 形说明形状、材质、本身表示某种程度或没有程度可分 的词没有比较级和最高级e.g.right,wrong,first,east,wooden,rou
19、nd,golden等类别类别 变化规律变化规律原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级多多音节词音节词部分双部分双音节词音节词前面加more or mostcarefulmore carefulmost carefuldifficultmore difficultmost difficult加less 或 least 表示相反意义 Luna比 较 级&最 高 级 变 形类别类别 变化规律变化规律原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级单音节词单音节词部分双音节词部分双音节词一般情况：直接+er/esttalltallertallest以不发音的不发音的 e 结尾：去 e+er/estlatenicelater
20、nicerlatestnicest以重读闭音节重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母一个辅音字母：双写尾字母+er/estbigfatthinbiggerfatterthinnerbiggestfattestthinnest辅音字母辅音字母+y结尾：改y为i+er/+est easyearlyeasierearliereasiestearliest Luna比 较 级&最 高 级 变 形原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfar深furtherfurth
21、est远fartherfarthestold长eldereldest老olderoldest Luna原 级判定方法(1)由表示程度的副词very,so,too,enough,quite等修饰时，用形容词原级。Because they were so big that it took a long time to walk to the other side.(2)表示两者在某一方面相同或不同时用原级。具体用法如下：LunaA系动词系动词/谓语动词谓语动词as原级原级asB表示相同或相等表示相同或相等(即即AB)。A与与B一样一样1A不及不及B那样那样2A系动词系动词/谓语动词谓语动词nots
22、o/as原级原级asB表示不如或不相等表示不如或不相等(即即AB)。数量相同数量相同3as much/many Aas BA和和B 数量相同数量相同原 级I cant run as/so fast as him.English is as interesting as Chinese.I dont make as/so much money as you do.LunaA倍数倍数as原级原级asBAnBA是是B的几倍的几倍4A是是B的一半的一半5Ahalf as原级原级asB原 级Her room is half as big as yours.Our school is three time
23、s as big as theirs.Luna比 较 级对两个人或事物进行比较时对两个人或事物进行比较时,通常用通常用A+动词动词+比较级比较级+than+BWho/Which+be动词动词/实义动词实义动词+比较级，比较级，A or B？Lily is shorter than Lucy.Who is younger,Amy or Peter?”比较级前可以用比较级前可以用much,even,far,still,a lot,a little,a bit,a great deal等修饰，以加强语气等修饰，以加强语气 I feel even worse now.I feel little bet
24、ter today.Luna比 较 级两者中较两者中较的一个的一个the+比较级比较级+of the two He is the taller of the two boys Luna比 较 级A比任何一个人或物都比任何一个人或物都/A最最A+be动词动词/实义动词实义动词+比较级比较级+than+any other+单数可数名词单数可数名词A+be动词动词/实义动词实义动词+比较级比较级+than+the other+复数可数名词复数可数名词Li Lei is smarter than any other student in his class.=Li Lei is the smartes
25、t student in his class.=Li Lei is smarter than the other students in his class.Luna比 较 级越来越越来越比较级比较级+and+比较级比较级More and more+原级（多音节及部分双音节）原级（多音节及部分双音节）The weather is getting warmer and warmer.Our city is becoming more and more beautiful.Luna比 较 级越越，就越，就越The+比较级比较级,the+比较级比较级The busier he is,the happ
26、ier he feels.The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will makeThe more difficult the problem is,the more careful we should be.Luna比 较 级倍数倍数 A是是B的几倍的几倍A+倍数倍数+比较级比较级+than+BThe river is three times longer than that one.Luna倍数A+倍数倍数+比较级比较级+than+BThe river is three times longer than that one +倍数倍
27、数+as+原级原级+as This tree is three times as tall as that one.+倍数倍数+the+计量名词计量名词+of (size/length/height/width/depth/weight/)The new square is four times the size of the previous one.The+计量名词计量名词+of+A+be+倍数倍数+that of BThe size of the new square is four times that of the previous one.The output of July is
28、 three times that of January+倍数倍数+that of+被比较对象被比较对象 Luna中最中最+the+最高级最高级(+n.)+(of/in)表范围的短语表范围的短语副词最高级前的副词最高级前的the可以省略可以省略Tom does his homework(the)most carefully in his class.最高级前有物主代词、指示名词、所有格时，不用加最高级前有物主代词、指示名词、所有格时，不用加the。She is my best friend.如果两个如果两个adj.最高级并列修饰同一个名词时，只留第一个最高级并列修饰同一个名词时，只留第一个th
29、e He is the youngest and tallest boy in is class.Bill is the tallest boy of the three.Luna最最的的之一之一one of+the+adj.最高级最高级+n.复数复数Jay Chou is one of the most popular singers.第几最第几最the+序数词序数词+adj.最高级最高级+n.单数单数The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.ABC哪一个最哪一个最？Which/Who+be/实义动词实义动词+the+最高级最高级,A,B or C?Luna
