1、形容词形容词(Adjectives)&(Adjectives)&副词副词(Adverbs)(Adverbs)形容词的形容词的句法功能句法功能形容词形容词的概念的概念形容词形容词修饰修饰名词名词或或代词代词，说明人或事物的性质，说明人或事物的性质、状态、状态或特征或特征的词的词。1)1)用作用作定语定语，修饰名词或代词，修饰名词或代词 He is a He is a goodgood student.student.She is a She is a beautifulbeautiful girl.girl.I have a I have a cleverclever pet dog.pet d
2、og.2)2)用作用作表语表语，位于系动词之后，位于系动词之后 The park is very The park is very beautiful.beautiful.The soup smells The soup smells delicious.delicious.That sounds good.That sounds good.常见的系动词常见的系动词有：有：be,be,become,get,look,become,get,look,feel,smell,feel,smell,taste,sound,taste,sound,turn,seem,keep,turn,seem,kee
3、p,growgrow3)3)用作用作状语状语，说明主语的情，说明主语的情况况 We arrived home,We arrived home,tiredtired and and hungryhungry.4)4)用作用作宾语补足语宾语补足语，紧跟在宾语后，紧跟在宾语后面面 Keep the classroom Keep the classroom cleanclean and and tidytidy,please.,please.Kate found her work very Kate found her work very boringboring.5)5)用作用作主语或宾语主语或宾语
4、“the+the+形容词形容词”表示一类人或物表示一类人或物 TheThe richrich should help should help the the poor.poor.牛刀小试牛刀小试1.What do you think of the story written by 1.What do you think of the story written by Mark Twain?Mark Twain?It is _.I like it.It is _.I like it.A.boring B.bored A.boring B.bored C.interested D.interest
5、ingC.interested D.interesting2.Can I buy a Fridays air ticket for Moscow?2.Can I buy a Fridays air ticket for Moscow?Im sorry,but there are no tickets Im sorry,but there are no tickets _for Fridays flight._for Fridays flight.A.present B.convenient A.present B.convenient C.available D.affordable C.av
6、ailable D.affordable 1.1.D D2.2.C CAnswers:Answers:副词的副词的概念概念副词的句副词的句法功能法功能副词的副词的分类分类副词副词修饰修饰动词动词、形容词形容词或或整个句子整个句子，表示时间、地点、程度或状态等。表示时间、地点、程度或状态等。1.1.时间副词时间副词2.2.地点副词地点副词3.3.方式副词方式副词4.4.程度副词程度副词5.5.疑问副词疑问副词8.8.顺序副词顺序副词7.7.连接副词连接副词6.6.频度副词频度副词时间副词时间副词频度副词频度副词疑问副词疑问副词方式副词方式副词often,never,often,never,onc
7、e once 地点副词地点副词yesterday,now,yesterday,now,alreadyalreadyhere,there,homehere,there,home when,where,why when,where,why carefully,quickly,carefully,quickly,happily happily 时间副词时间副词频度副词频度副词疑问副词疑问副词方式副词方式副词often,never,often,never,once once 地点副词地点副词yesterday,now,yesterday,now,alreadyalreadyhere,there,hom
8、ehere,there,home when,where,whywhen,where,why carefully,quickly,carefully,quickly,happilyhappily 时间副词时间副词 now,then,ever,today,now,then,ever,today,yesterday,tomorrow,soon,yesterday,tomorrow,soon,already,yet,still,last already,yet,still,last yearyear.等等。地点副词地点副词here,there,home,here,there,home,abroad,u
9、pstairs,abroad,upstairs,downstairs,in,out,downstairs,in,out,everywhere,somewhere,everywhere,somewhere,inside,outside,above,inside,outside,above,below,below,forwardforward等等方式副词方式副词 slowly,quickly,politely,slowly,quickly,politely,carefully,happily,properly,carefully,happily,properly,hurriedly,angrily
10、,hurriedly,angrily,closely closely successfully,high,highly successfully,high,highly 等等。程度副词程度副词much,little,very,rather,so,too,much,little,very,rather,so,too,quite,enough,quite,enough,almost almost extremely,extremely,entirely,slightly,half,partly,entirely,slightly,half,partly,really,deeply really,d
11、eeply 等。等。疑问副词疑问副词/关系副词关系副词 when,where,how,whywhen,where,how,why等等 频度副词频度副词always,usually,often,always,usually,often,never,sometimes,seldom,never,sometimes,seldom,generally,frequently,generally,frequently,almost,rarely,once,twice almost,rarely,once,twice 等。等。连接副词连接副词therefore therefore,moreover more
12、over,however however,otherwise otherwise,then then,when when,wherewhere，how how,why why 等。等。顺序副词顺序副词firstfirstlyly，secondly,thirdly,secondly,thirdly,thethen,n,nextnext，finallyfinally，ultimately ultimately afterwardsafterwards,primarily primarily,lastly,lastly等。等。牛刀小试牛刀小试1.How often do you go to a co
13、ncert?1.How often do you go to a concert?_ ever.Im not interested in that _ ever.Im not interested in that at all.at all.A.Usually B.Hardly C.Almost A.Usually B.Hardly C.Almost D.OftenD.Often2 2Lets do it_ Lets do it_ There is only five minutes There is only five minutes left.left.A.Hardly B A.Hardl
14、y B.slowly Cslowly C.quickly Dquickly D.politely politely Answers:Answers:1.1.B B2.2.C C（1 1）用作）用作状语状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词和，修饰动词、形容词、副词和全句。全句。Its very cold in winter Its very cold in winter herehere.这里冬天很冷这里冬天很冷。（2 2）用作）用作宾语补足语宾语补足语I saw youI saw you outout with your wife last with your wife last Sunday.Sun
15、day.上周日我看见你和你妻子一出去了。上周日我看见你和你妻子一出去了。Please have them Please have them inin.请让他们进来。请让他们进来。（3 3）用作）用作表语表语，置于系动词后。主要指主语的方位、，置于系动词后。主要指主语的方位、方向、动作或状态。方向、动作或状态。Im afraid I must be Im afraid I must be offoff now.now.恐怕我现在得走了。恐怕我现在得走了。When will they be When will they be backback?他们什么时候回来？他们什么时候回来？（4 4）用作）用
16、作定语定语，置于所修饰的名词之后。，置于所修饰的名词之后。The people The people therethere are very friendly.are very friendly.那儿的人很好那儿的人很好。We hope you will enjoy your stay We hope you will enjoy your stay herehere.我们希望你们在这里过的愉快我们希望你们在这里过的愉快。5 5）多个不同副词排列多个不同副词排列：程度：程度+地点地点+方式方式+时间副词时间副词 Minions go to school Minions go to school
17、 by air every dayby air every day.形容词副形容词副词转换词转换比较级构成比较级构成最高级构成最高级构成形容词形容词副词区别副词区别 加餐加餐1.1.动词后面一般都跟副词，但不是所有动词后面一般都跟副词，但不是所有动词后面都跟副词，动词后面都跟副词，实义动词实义动词后面跟后面跟副词副词，连系动词连系动词后面跟后面跟形容词形容词。举个栗子：举个栗子：She sings beautifully.She sings beautifully.(sing (sing是是实义动词实义动词，后面跟后面跟副词副词)My teacher is young and tall.My
18、teacher is young and tall.(is (is是是系动词系动词，后面跟，后面跟形容词形容词)2.2.还有一类使役动词，例如还有一类使役动词，例如make,make,let,leave,havelet,leave,have等，要等，要根据句子的意思判断填形容词还是副词根据句子的意思判断填形容词还是副词。于是有词组：于是有词组：make sb.+adj.leave sb.+adj.make sb.+adj.leave sb.+adj.等等举个栗子：举个栗子：She leaves the room quickly.She leaves the room quickly.(quic
19、kly (quickly修饰修饰leaveleave这个这个实义实义动词动词，为，为副词副词）Please leave the door open.Please leave the door open.(open(open是是修饰修饰 door door名词名词，而不是修饰，而不是修饰leaveleave这个这个动词动词，为，为形容词形容词)规则变化规则变化范围范围变化规则变化规则例词例词大部分大部分形容词形容词加加lylycareless-carelesslycareless-carelesslyquiet-quietlyquiet-quietlydifferent-differentlyd
20、ifferent-differently辅音加辅音加lele结尾结尾的形容词的形容词变变lele为为lylypossible-possiblypossible-possiblyterrible-terriblyterrible-terriblysimple-simplysimple-simplywhole-whollywhole-wholly（例外）（例外）规则变化规则变化元音字母加元音字母加lele结尾的结尾的形容词形容词加加lylysole-solelysole-solely以以y y结尾结尾且读音为且读音为 /i/i/结尾的形容词结尾的形容词变变y y为为i i加加lylyeasy-ea
21、silyeasy-easilyangry-angrilyangry-angrilynoisy-noisilynoisy-noisilyhappy-happilyhappy-happily以以y y结尾结尾且且读音为读音为 /ei/ei/结尾结尾的形容词的形容词加加lylyshy-shylyshy-shyly dry-drylydry-drylygay-gayly/gailygay-gayly/gaily不规则变化不规则变化本身既是形容词也本身既是形容词也是副词，无需改变是副词，无需改变fast-fastfast-fasthard-hardhard-hardlate-latelate-latea
22、lone-alonealone-alone形容词和副词为完全不同的单词形容词和副词为完全不同的单词good-wellgood-well初中阶段唯一一个需初中阶段唯一一个需要去掉字母要去掉字母e e的单词的单词true-trulytrue-truly不规则变化不规则变化虽然以虽然以lyly结尾，但却是结尾，但却是形容词，不能直接用来形容词，不能直接用来修饰动词修饰动词friendlyfriendlylivelylivelylovelylovelylonelylonely不规则变化不规则变化有些形容词本身即为副词，同有些形容词本身即为副词，同时也有加时也有加lyly的副词形式。但加的副词形式。但加
23、不加不加lyly意思不一样，使用时需意思不一样，使用时需注意注意wide(wide(形容词，宽阔的，睁大的形容词，宽阔的，睁大的)wide(wide(副词，睁大地副词，睁大地)widely(widely(副词，广泛地副词，广泛地)late(late(形容词，晚的形容词，晚的)late(late(副词，晚地副词，晚地)latelylately（最近）（最近）high(high(形容词，高的形容词，高的)high(high(副词，高地副词，高地)highly(highly(副词，高度地副词，高度地)易错点易错点1.1.形容词形容词副词副词备注备注hardhardhardhardhardhard副词
24、容易写成副词容易写成hardly,hardlyhardly,hardly意思为意思为“几乎不几乎不”，与，与hardhard无任何关系无任何关系friendlyfriendly无无不能用不能用friendlyfriendly直接修饰动词，只能改成直接修饰动词，只能改成in a friendly way“in a friendly way“用一种友好的方式用一种友好的方式”。excitedexcitedexcitedly excitedly 容易拼错容易拼错healthyhealthyhealthilyhealthily容易拼错容易拼错politepolitepolitelypolitely不用
25、去掉字母不用去掉字母e e。类似的词还有：。类似的词还有：widely,nicely,closely,widely,nicely,closely,与形容词同形的副词：与形容词同形的副词：有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词形式相同，另一有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词形式相同，另一种是在形容词后加种是在形容词后加lyly。这两种形式的副词在意义上有所不同：。这两种形式的副词在意义上有所不同：不带不带lyly的副词往往表示的是具体概念，也就是词的本义；的副词往往表示的是具体概念，也就是词的本义；加加lyly的往往表示抽象概念，也就是词的引申义的往往表示抽象概念，也就是词的引申义.易错
26、点易错点2.2.易错点易错点2.2.close close 接近（指距离）接近（指距离）closely closely 仔细地；密切地仔细地；密切地free free 免费免费freely freely 自由地；自如地自由地；自如地deep deep 深地深地deeply deeply 深刻地深刻地wide wide 充分（张开）地；宽充分（张开）地；宽阔阔widely widely 广泛地广泛地high high 高地高地highly highly 高度地，非常高度地，非常late late 迟；晚迟；晚lately lately 最近；近来最近；近来near near 临近地临近地near
27、ly nearly 几乎几乎most most 最最mostly mostly 主要地主要地构成方法构成方法原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级一般单音节词末尾加一般单音节词末尾加erer，estestsmallsmallfastfastquickquicksmallersmallerfasterfasterquickerquickersmallestsmallestfastestfastestquickestquickest以不发音的以不发音的e e结尾的单音结尾的单音节词末尾加节词末尾加r r，ststnicenicefinefinenicernicerfinerfinernicestnice
28、stfinestfinest以辅音字母以辅音字母y y结尾的双结尾的双音节单词音节单词，先把先把y y变为变为i i，再加再加erer，estestlonelylonelyhappyhappylonelierlonelierhappierhappierloneliestloneliesthappiesthappiest规则变化规则变化规则变化规则变化以一个辅音字母以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音结尾的重读闭音节单词，双写末节单词，双写末尾的字母再加尾的字母再加erer，estesthothotbigbigthinthinhotterhotterbiggerbiggerthinnerthinnerh
29、ottesthottestbiggestbiggestthinnestthinnest部分双音节词或部分双音节词或多音节词在原级多音节词在原级前加前加moremore，mostmostinterestinginterestingtiredtiredmoremoreinterestinginterestingmore tiredmore tiredmostmostinterestinginterestingmost tiredmost tired不规则变化不规则变化原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级good/wellgood/wellbetterbetterbestbestbad/ill/badl
30、ybad/ill/badlyworseworseworstworstlittlelittlelesslessleastleastmany/muchmany/muchmoremoremostmostfarfarfartherfartherfurtherfurtherfarthestfarthest（距离）（距离）furthestfurthest（程度）（程度）oldoldolderolderelderelderoldestoldest（年龄）（年龄）eldesteldest（长幼）（长幼）不规则变化不规则变化原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级like(like(相似的，同样的相似的，同样的)mor
31、e likemore likemost likemost likereal(real(真的真的)more realmore realmost realmost realtired(tired(疲乏的疲乏的)more tiredmore tiredmost tiredmost tiredpleased(pleased(高兴的高兴的)more pleasedmore pleasedmost pleasedmost pleasedoften(often(经常经常)more oftenmore oftenmost oftenmost often下列单、双音节词只能加下列单、双音节词只能加moremor
32、e和和mostmost总 结形形容容词词副副词词形容词形容词副词副词加餐加餐概念概念句法功能句法功能概念概念分类分类句法功能句法功能区别区别转换转换比较级最高级构成比较级最高级构成1.The man was not _ when he heard the _ words.1.The man was not _ when he heard the _ words.A.frightening;frightening A.frightening;frightening B.frightened;B.frightened;frightened frightened C.frightening;frig
33、htened D.C.frightening;frightened D.frightened;frighteningfrightened;frightening2.They were very _ to see each other again.2.They were very _ to see each other again.A.pleased B.surprising C.happily D.A.pleased B.surprising C.happily D.angrilyangrily3.The song sounds _.3.The song sounds _.A.sweet B.
34、nicely C.well A.sweet B.nicely C.well D.niceD.nice4.Looking _ at his mother,the little boy 4.Looking _ at his mother,the little boy looked _.looked _.A.happy,good B.happy,well A.happy,good B.happy,well C.sadly,sad D.sad,C.sadly,sad D.sad,sadly sadly 5.Mother doesnt feel _ today.5.Mother doesnt feel
35、_ today.A.good B.well C.nice A.good B.well C.nice D.health D.health Answers:Answers:1.D1.D2.A2.A3.D3.D4.C4.C5.B5.B用所给词的适当形式填空用所给词的适当形式填空1.Just be _(patience).1.Just be _(patience).2.Although parents should take _(well)care of 2.Although parents should take _(well)care of their young children,they do
36、nt _ their young children,they dont _(necessary)do anything for them.(necessary)do anything for them.3.She is really a _(luck)girl because she failed 3.She is really a _(luck)girl because she failed this game.this game.4.That would be a very _(reason)thing to do in 4.That would be a very _(reason)thing to do in a big city,but it could destroy a small village like a big city,but it could destroy a small village like this.this.Answers:Answers:1.1.patientpatient2.2.good;good;necessarilynecessarily3.3.lucky lucky 4.4.reasonablereasonable
