1、初中英语语法初中英语语法第九章第九章动词情态动词目录目录一、动词的种类一、动词的种类以下表格是动词的种类说明：以下表格是动词的种类说明：根据句根据句法功能法功能分类分类实义实义动词动词不及物动词不及物动词go walk work die smiego walk work die smie及物动词ask love say eat连系动词be become turn get look seem助动词be do have will would should 情态动词can could may might shall should must will would have to根据意义分类状态动词lo
2、ve hate like dislike think动作动词延续性动词live sit stand work learn非延续性动词die finish join leave come go二、情态动词二、情态动词 情态情态动词动词本身有各种意义，但不能单独作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，本身有各种意义，但不能单独作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气、情绪或态度，这样的动词称为情态动词。情态动词一般表示说话人的语气、情绪或态度，这样的动词称为情态动词。情态动词一般没有人没有人称和数的变化。称和数的变化。二、情态动词二、情态动词 1.can 1.can、could could
3、 的用法的用法时态 形式肯定式否定式否定式缩略形式现在时cancannotcant过去时couldcould not couldnt二、情态动词二、情态动词 1.can 1.can、could could 的用法的用法(1)(1)表示能力。表示能力。can can 一般指体力、知识、技能等方面的能力一般指体力、知识、技能等方面的能力,即即“能够，会能够，会”;could could 表示过去的能力。表示过去的能力。例句：例句：1.1.-CanCan you play basketball?you play basketball?你会打篮球吗你会打篮球吗?-No,I can-No,I cant
4、t.不不,我不会。我不会。2.2.I I couldntcouldnt speak well until I was five years old.speak well until I was five years old.我直到五岁才能流利地说话。我直到五岁才能流利地说话。二、情态动词二、情态动词用法比较用法比较can can 与与 be able to be able to could could 与与 was/were able to was/were able to 表示泛指过去的能力时表示泛指过去的能力时,二者通用。二者通用。I I could could was able towa
5、s able to swim well when I was only six years old.swim well when I was only six years old.我只有六岁时游泳就游得很好了。我只有六岁时游泳就游得很好了。指过去某时或某个时刻设法做成某事不用指过去某时或某个时刻设法做成某事不用 could,could,用用 was/were able to was/were able to。I I could hardly understand her Japanese,but I was able to read her could hardly understand he
6、r Japanese,but I was able to read her faceface.我几乎不能理解她说的日语，但我读懂了她的表情。我几乎不能理解她说的日语，但我读懂了她的表情。二、情态动词二、情态动词用法比较用法比较 be able to be able to 有更多的时态，而有更多的时态，而 can can 只有一般现在时与一般过去时两种，只有一般现在时与一般过去时两种，If you travel in almost any other country in the world,you If you travel in almost any other country in the
7、 world,you willwill still still be able tobe able to use English use English.如果你在世界上绝大部分国家旅游如果你在世界上绝大部分国家旅游,你仍然可以使用英语。你仍然可以使用英语。二、情态动词二、情态动词(2)(2)表示推测表示推测cancan意为意为“可能可能”,”,与与may may 同义同义;could could 既可以表示过去的可能性既可以表示过去的可能性,也可以表示现在的可能性，比也可以表示现在的可能性，比cancan的程度要弱。的程度要弱。一般一般cancan用于否定句和疑问句，用于否定句和疑问句，cou
8、ldcould用于否定句、疑问句、肯定句均可。用于否定句、疑问句、肯定句均可。Who Who can/maycan/may it be?It is so late.it be?It is so late.会是谁呢会是谁呢?都这么晚了。都这么晚了。ItIt couldnt couldnt be Uncle Wang.He wont be back that time in the evening.be Uncle Wang.He wont be back that time in the evening.那不可能是王叔叔。他不会晚上那个时候回来。那不可能是王叔叔。他不会晚上那个时候回来。二、情态
9、动词二、情态动词(3)(3)表示请求、允许表示请求、允许cancan与与maymay的意思差不多的意思差不多,但在日常口语中较常用但在日常口语中较常用 can;can;couldcould不表示过去不表示过去,只表示委婉地提出请求、想法、建议等只表示委婉地提出请求、想法、建议等,回答以它开头的问句时回答以它开头的问句时用用 can can。You You can/maycan/may take both,if you want.take both,if you want.如果你想要如果你想要,你可以两个都拿走。你可以两个都拿走。CouldCould you tell me the way to
10、 the post office?you tell me the way to the post office?你能告诉我去邮局的路吗你能告诉我去邮局的路吗?-Can/CouldCan/Could I ask you a question?I ask you a question?我能问你一个问题吗我能问你一个问题吗?-Of course,-Of course,you canyou can.当然可以。当然可以。二、情态动词二、情态动词高频考点高频考点cancan、couldcould的基本用法及其表推测时的用法是考查频率较高的。的基本用法及其表推测时的用法是考查频率较高的。-I wonder
11、if these are Jims glasses.-I wonder if these are Jims glasses.-They They_ be his.He doesnt wear glasses.be his.He doesnt wear glasses.A could A could B.must B.must C.cant C.cant【答案】【答案】C C二、情态动词二、情态动词高频考点高频考点Dirty Dirty air and water are harmful.They _ kill plants,and even people.air and water are h
12、armful.They _ kill plants,and even people.A.can B.cant A.can B.cant C.should D.shouldntC.should D.shouldnt【答案】【答案】A A二、情态动词二、情态动词2.may2.may、might might 的用法的用法时态 形式肯定式否定式否定式缩略形式现在时maymay notmaynt过去时mightmight not mightnt二、情态动词二、情态动词2.may2.may、might might 的用法的用法(1)(1)表示请求、允许。表示请求、允许。maymay和和might migh
13、t 表示表示“许可许可”比比 can can 和和 could could 更正式。更正式。might might 含有试探和犹豫不决的意思。表示给予许可时，一般用含有试探和犹豫不决的意思。表示给予许可时，一般用 may may不不might;might;maynotmaynot用来表示拒绝或禁止。用来表示拒绝或禁止。May MightMay Might I have a few words with the manager,please?I have a few words with the manager,please?我可以和经理谈一谈吗我可以和经理谈一谈吗?I think you I
14、think you maymay drive my car,but be careful.drive my car,but be careful.我想你可以开我的车我想你可以开我的车,不过得小心。不过得小心。Students Students maynotmaynot stay out after midnight.stay out after midnight.学生不准午夜后在外逗留。学生不准午夜后在外逗留。二、情态动词二、情态动词2.may2.may、might might 的用法的用法(2)(2)表示推测表示推测may may 表示的可能性比表示的可能性比 can can 小小,migh
15、t,might 可作可作 may may 的过去式的过去式,也可以替代也可以替代 may may 说明现在说明现在的情况的情况,可能性比可能性比 may may更小。更小。WeWe may may go camping this Saturday.go camping this Saturday.本周六我们可能去露营。本周六我们可能去露营。PeterPeter might might phone.If he does,could you ask him to ringlater?phone.If he does,could you ask him to ringlater?彼得或许会打电话。如
16、果他打电话的话彼得或许会打电话。如果他打电话的话,你能否告诉他晚些时候再打你能否告诉他晚些时候再打?二、情态动词二、情态动词用法比较用法比较may not may not 指指“可能不可能不”,”,而而 cant cant指指“不可能不可能”。He He maymay come or come or maynotmaynot come.Im not sure about e.Im not sure about that.他可能来也可能不来。我拿不准。他可能来也可能不来。我拿不准。He He cantcant believe your so-called excuses.believe your
17、 so-called excuses.他不可能相信你那所谓的理由。他不可能相信你那所谓的理由。二、情态动词二、情态动词高频考点高频考点情态动词情态动词 may may 和和 might might的用法经常考到的用法经常考到,表示推测时要注意通过具体语境及把表示推测时要注意通过具体语境及把握性大小判断其握性大小判断其可能性可能性-Sandy,is Mr Li in the teachers office now?-Sandy,is Mr Li in the teachers office now?-I am not sure.He_ be there.-I am not sure.He_ be
18、 there.A.must B.cant C.mustnt A.must B.cant C.mustnt D.mayD.may【答案】【答案】D D二、情态动词二、情态动词高频考点高频考点The man The man _be a doctor in this hospital,but Im not sure.be a doctor in this hospital,but Im not sure.A.mustA.must B.would B.would C.can C.can D.mightD.might【答案】【答案】D D二、情态动词二、情态动词高频考点高频考点-The summer v
19、acation is coming.Have you made a plan for it?-The summer vacation is coming.Have you made a plan for it?-Not yet.I _ go to Guilin.Not yet.I _ go to Guilin.A.mayA.may B.can B.can C.should C.should【答案】【答案】A A二、情态动词二、情态动词3.must3.must、have tohave to的用法的用法must must 的否定形式为的否定形式为must not,must not,其缩略形式为其缩
20、略形式为 mustnt,mustnt,只有一种时态形式。只有一种时态形式。havehave to to可用于多种时态可用于多种时态,其否定式、疑问式都要借助助动词构成。其否定式、疑问式都要借助助动词构成。have to have to 的的各种形式如下各种形式如下(人称以人称以 you you 和和 she she 为例为例):):时态肯定式否定式疑问式现在时 have/has to dont/doesnt have toDo you/Does she have to.?将来时 will have to wont have toWill you/she have to.?完成时 have/ha
21、s had to havent/hasnt had toHave you/Has she had to.?过去时 had to didnt have toDid you/she have to.?二、情态动词二、情态动词3.must3.must、have tohave to的用法的用法(1)(1)表示必须表示必须mustmust表示表示“必须必须,一定要一定要”,”,多指现在或将来的情况多指现在或将来的情况,指说话人的主观语气。其否指说话人的主观语气。其否定形式定形式 mustnt mustnt 表示表示“一定不要一定不要,绝对不可以绝对不可以”。I I mustmust go now,or
22、Ill be late.go now,or Ill be late.我必须现在就走我必须现在就走,否则我就要迟到了。否则我就要迟到了。YouYou must must be here by ten oclock.be here by ten oclock.你一定要在十点前到这里。你一定要在十点前到这里。YouYou mustnt mustnt speak like that.speak like that.你千万别那样说。你千万别那样说。They They mustntmustnt stay there any longer.stay there any longer.他们不能在那里再待下去了
23、。他们不能在那里再待下去了。二、情态动词二、情态动词3.must3.must、have tohave to的用法的用法(1)(1)表示必须表示必须 must must 更强调说话者的主观意愿更强调说话者的主观意愿;have to have to 强调客观上的必要性强调客观上的必要性,常译为常译为“不得不不得不”。I I have to have to be off now.My mum is expecting me.be off now.My mum is expecting me.我现在就得走了。我妈妈在等我。我现在就得走了。我妈妈在等我。You You dont have todont
24、have to get up early.get up early.你没有必要早起。你没有必要早起。二、情态动词二、情态动词3.must3.must、have tohave to的用法的用法 特别提示特别提示表示表示“必须必须”时时,含含 must must 的问句的问句,其肯定回答仍然用其肯定回答仍然用 must,must,否定回答则用否定回答则用 neednt neednt 或或 dont have to.dont have to.-Mus-Must t I go with them?I go with them?我必须跟他们走吗我必须跟他们走吗?-Yes,you-Yes,you m mu
25、st.ust.是的是的,必须。必须。/-No,you neednt/dont have to./-No,you neednt/dont have to.不不,不必。不必。二、情态动词二、情态动词3.must3.must、have tohave to的用法的用法(2)must(2)must 表示推测表示推测mustmust用在肯定句中用在肯定句中,表示对一件事非常有把握的推测表示对一件事非常有把握的推测,意为意为“一定一定,肯定肯定”。在否定。在否定句或疑问句中句或疑问句中,要用要用cantcant和和cancan。MaryMary must must have some problems.Sh
26、e keeps crying.have some problems.She keeps crying.玛丽肯定有什么困难玛丽肯定有什么困难,她一直在哭。她一直在哭。What do you think this letter What do you think this letter cancan mean?mean?你认为这封信意味着什么你认为这封信意味着什么?ItIt cant cant be Father.He hasnt returned from work.be Father.He hasnt returned from work.那不可能是爸爸。他上班还没回来。那不可能是爸爸。他上班
27、还没回来。二、情态动词二、情态动词 高频考点高频考点must must 和和 have to have to 的基本用法以及的基本用法以及 must must 表推测时与表推测时与 cant cant 的区别是考查重点。的区别是考查重点。-Look!There are so many people in the restaurant.-Look!There are so many people in the restaurant.-Yes.The food there _ be delicious.-Yes.The food there _ be delicious.A.shouldntA.s
28、houldnt B.cant B.cant C.must D.need C.must D.need【答案】【答案】C C 二、情态动词二、情态动词 高频考点高频考点-Is that Mary over there?-Is that Mary over there?-It _ be her.She has gone to Kunming-It _ be her.She has gone to KunmingA.may B.must C.cant D.mustnt A.may B.must C.cant D.mustnt【答案】【答案】C C二、情态动词二、情态动词4.shall 4.shall
29、的用法的用法(1)(1)表示征求某人的意见表示征求某人的意见,主要用于主语是主要用于主语是第一、三人称第一、三人称的疑问句中。的疑问句中。What What shallshall we write on our poster?we write on our poster?我们在海报上应写些什么呢我们在海报上应写些什么呢?ShallShall I have a look at your new car?I have a look at your new car?我能不能看一看你的新车我能不能看一看你的新车?ShallShall Mary come in now?Mary come in now?
30、现在可以让玛丽进来了吗现在可以让玛丽进来了吗?二、情态动词二、情态动词4.shall 4.shall 的用法的用法(2)(2)表示许诺、命令、警告等表示许诺、命令、警告等,主要用于主语是主要用于主语是第二、三人称第二、三人称的陈述句中。的陈述句中。If you behave well,you If you behave well,you shallshall get a present.get a present.如果你表现得好如果你表现得好,你就可以得到一份礼物。你就可以得到一份礼物。(3)(3)表示规则、条令、法律等中的规定表示规则、条令、法律等中的规定,主要用于主语是主要用于主语是第三人
31、称第三人称的陈述句中的陈述句中 The students The students shallshall wear school uniforms in the school.wear school uniforms in the school.学生在学校要穿校服学生在学校要穿校服二、情态动词二、情态动词5.should 5.should 的用法的用法(1)(1)表示责任或义务。表示责任或义务。YouYou should should be more careful next time.be more careful next time.下次你应该更小心。下次你应该更小心。You You sh
32、ouldntshouldnt watch TV every day.watch TV every day.你不应该每天看电视。你不应该每天看电视。二、情态动词二、情态动词5.should 5.should 的用法的用法 特别提示特别提示 be supposed to do be supposed to do 意为意为“被期望被期望;本应本应”,”,相当于情态动词相当于情态动词 should should。Teachers Teachers are supposed to treatare supposed to treat all the students alike.all the stud
33、ents alike.老师应该对所有的学生一视同仁。老师应该对所有的学生一视同仁。You You areare not suppnot suppo osed to smokesed to smoke on the bus.on the bus.你不应该在公共汽车上吸烟。你不应该在公共汽车上吸烟。二、情态动词二、情态动词5.should 5.should 的用法的用法(2)(2)表示推测表示推测表示说话者根据一定的依据进行推测表示说话者根据一定的依据进行推测,常译为常译为“(“(按理说按理说)应该应该”。She She shouldshould pass her chemistry final
34、exam.pass her chemistry final exam.她应该能通过她的化学期末考试。她应该能通过她的化学期末考试。Mary Mary shouldshould be there by now.be there by now.按理说按理说,玛丽现在应该在那里。玛丽现在应该在那里。二、情态动词二、情态动词高频考点高频考点情态动词情态动词 should should 的用法的用法,即表示即表示“责任或义务责任或义务”,”,有时会在考题中出现。有时会在考题中出现。We We _carry forward the spirit of serving the people whole-he
35、artedly.carry forward the spirit of serving the people whole-heartedly.（全心全意为人民服务）（全心全意为人民服务）A.might A.might B.shouldB.should C.could C.could【答案】【答案】B B二、情态动词二、情态动词高频考点高频考点People People _talk on a mobile phone while they are driving.talk on a mobile phone while they are driving.A.shouldntA.shouldnt
36、B.neednt B.neednt C.mustC.must D.can D.can【答案】【答案】A A二、情态动词二、情态动词6.will6.will、would would 的用法的用法willwill、wouldwould用作情态动词时用作情态动词时,表示意愿、请求、习惯或特性等意义。表示意愿、请求、习惯或特性等意义。(1)(1)表示意愿表示意愿表示意愿、自愿做或主动提出做某事表示意愿、自愿做或主动提出做某事,will,will 用于现在用于现在,would,would 用于过去。用于过去。I I willwill help you if you meet with trouble.h
37、elp you if you meet with trouble.如果你有麻烦如果你有麻烦,我愿意帮你。我愿意帮你。She said sheShe said she would would try her best to help me.try her best to help me.她说她愿意尽自己最大努力来帮我。她说她愿意尽自己最大努力来帮我。二、情态动词二、情态动词6.will6.will、would would 的用法的用法(2)(2)表示请求表示请求will will 表示请求或要求表示请求或要求,一般用于主语是第二人称的问句中，一般用于主语是第二人称的问句中，would would
38、 比比 will will 更客更客气、委婉。气、委婉。willwill you come this way,please?you come this way,please?请您这边走请您这边走,可以吗可以吗?Would Would you open the window,please?you open the window,please?请你打开窗户请你打开窗户,可以吗可以吗?二、情态动词二、情态动词6.will6.will、would would 的用法的用法(3)will(3)will 表示规律性的表示规律性的“注定会注定会”。YouYou will will fail if you d
39、ont work hard.fail if you dont work hard.如果你不努力如果你不努力,你注定会失败。你注定会失败。Man Man willwill die without air.die without air.没有空气没有空气,人就会死。人就会死。二、情态动词二、情态动词6.will6.will、would would 的用法的用法(4)(4)表示习惯或特性表示习惯或特性willwill用于现在用于现在,would,would 用于过去用于过去,带有主观性带有主观性,常译为常译为“总是总是”。Betty and I may not get to see each oth
40、er often but we Betty and I may not get to see each other often but we willwill always be always be best friendsbest friends.贝蒂和我可能不常见面贝蒂和我可能不常见面,但我们一直是好朋友。但我们一直是好朋友。When he was young,he When he was young,he wowou uld ld often swim in this river.often swim in this river.年轻时年轻时,他经常在这条河里游泳。他经常在这条河里游泳。
41、二、情态动词二、情态动词 特别提示特别提示would like would like 的用法的用法 would like sth.would like sth.表示表示“想要某物想要某物”。I would like some cakes.I would like some cakes.我想要些蛋糕。我想要些蛋糕。would like to do sth.would like to do sth.表示表示“想要做某事想要做某事”。I would like to haI would like to haveve a cup of tea.a cup of tea.我想喝杯茶。我想喝杯茶。would
42、 like sb.to do sth.would like sb.to do sth.表示表示“想让某人做某事想让某人做某事”。Id like you to do your homework nowId like you to do your homework now.我想让你现在就做作业。我想让你现在就做作业。二、情态动词二、情态动词 特别提示特别提示would like would like 的用法的用法“Would you like.?Would you like.?”意为意为“你想要你想要吗吗?/?/你愿意你愿意吗吗?，其肯定回答，其肯定回答常用常用“Yes“Yes，please./Y
43、esplease./Yes，Id like/loveto./Certainly./OhId like/loveto./Certainly./Oh great!/Yes,thank great!/Yes,thank you.you.等等;而否定回答则用而否定回答则用“No,thanks/thank you./Thats nice of you,but./Id“No,thanks/thank you./Thats nice of you,but./Id like to,but.like to,but.等。等。二、情态动词二、情态动词 特别提示特别提示would like would like 的用
44、法的用法-Would you like a bottle of orange juice?-Would you like a bottle of orange juice?你想要来一瓶橙汁吗你想要来一瓶橙汁吗?-Yes-Yes，pleaseplease，好的，来一瓶吧。，好的，来一瓶吧。/-No/-No，thanksthanks，不，谢谢。，不，谢谢。-Would you like to go out for a walk?Would you like to go out for a walk?你愿意出去散步吗你愿意出去散步吗?-Yes,Id like to.-Yes,Id like to.是
45、的，我愿意去。是的，我愿意去。/-Id like to,butId like to,but I have a lot of work to do first.I have a lot of work to do first.我很愿意去我很愿意去,但我有很多的工作要先完成。但我有很多的工作要先完成。二、情态动词二、情态动词7.used to 7.used to 的用法的用法(1)(1)基本用法基本用法used toused to意为意为“过去常常过去常常,过去是过去是”,”,其后跟动词原形其后跟动词原形,表示过去存在的某种状态或过去表示过去存在的某种状态或过去某种经常性、习惯性的行为或动作某种经
46、常性、习惯性的行为或动作,并意味着这种情况目前已不复存在并意味着这种情况目前已不复存在,侧重于过去与侧重于过去与现在的对比。现在的对比。used used 无人称和时态的变化。无人称和时态的变化。We We used to used to go there every year.go there every year.我们以往每年都去那里。我们以往每年都去那里。I I usedused toto get up at six in the morning,but I usually get up at half get up at six in the morning,but I usually
47、 get up at half past five nowpast five now 我过去常常早上六点起床我过去常常早上六点起床,但是现在我通常五点半起床。但是现在我通常五点半起床。Tina is not what she Tina is not what she used to be.used to be.蒂娜已不再是过去的她了。蒂娜已不再是过去的她了。The old man The old man used to beused to be an excellent player.an excellent player.那位老人曾是一名出色的运动员那位老人曾是一名出色的运动员。二、情态动词
48、二、情态动词7.used to 7.used to 的用法的用法(2)(2)否定句式否定句式used to used to 的否定形式是的否定形式是 didnt use to didnt use to或或used not to,used not to,后者可缩写成后者可缩写成 usednt to,usednt to,在在口语中常用口语中常用 didnt use to didnt use to 进行否定。进行否定。She didntShe didnt use to/used not to/usednt to play computer games.use to/used not to/usedn
49、t to play computer games.她过去不常玩电脑游戏。她过去不常玩电脑游戏。二、情态动词二、情态动词7.used to 7.used to 的用法的用法(3)(3)一般疑问句式一般疑问句式used to used to 变一般疑问句用变一般疑问句用“Did sb.use to.?”“Did sb.use to.?”或或“Used sb.to.?”“Used sb.to.?”句型。句型。Did you use to/Used you to play football?Did you use to/Used you to play football?你以前经常踢足球吗你以前经常踢
50、足球吗?Didnt your uncle use to/Usednt your uncle to live in Beijing?Didnt your uncle use to/Usednt your uncle to live in Beijing?你叔叔过去不是一直住在北京吗你叔叔过去不是一直住在北京吗?二、情态动词二、情态动词7.used to 7.used to 的用法的用法(4)(4)反意疑问句反意疑问句used to used to 在变反意疑问句时在变反意疑问句时,附加问句部分用附加问句部分用 didnt didnt或或 usednt usednt。-Martin used to
