1、安化县江英学校 英语词性的分类定义：词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功用。实词虚词名词名词动词动词形容词形容词 (.的）的）副词（副词（quickly,carelly,very,quite）代词代词数词数词 冠词冠词介词介词(in,on,under,infront of,.)连词连词感叹词感叹词基数词基数词（表数量）（表数量）序数词（表顺序）序数词（表顺序）(a,an,the)(and,but,or,although)(wow，oh)词类英语名称作用例词名词名词Noun（缩写为n.）表示人或事物的名称party政党China中国代词代词Pronoun(pron.)用来代替名词、形容词或数
2、词等He他that那数词数词Numeral(num.)表示数量或顺序one一first第一形 容 词形 容 词Adjective（adj.）用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的特性、性质safe安全的great伟大的副词副词Adverb(adv.)用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示动作或形状的特性hard努力地here这里冠词冠词Article(art.)用在名词前，帮助说明名词所指的人或事物an，a，the动词动词Verb(v.)表示人或事物的动作或状态eat吃have有介词介词Preposition(prep.)用在名词、代词等前面，说明句子中词与词之间的关系under在。下in在。里连词连词C
3、onjunction(conj.)用来连接词、短语或句子and和but但是感 叹 词感 叹 词Interjection(interj.)表示说话时的感情或口气Hello喂why呃，嘿 名词普通名词专有名词可数名词不可数名词个体名词（book,pen)集体名词(team,group)物质名词(air,water)抽象名词(success,progress)动词系动词助动词实义动词情态动词一是（be)一觉(feel)一保持(keep)四个起来(sound,taste,smell,look)，变成四个(get,fall,go,become)seemmust,can,could,may,might.l
4、ike,play,have,.do,does,did,have,has,will,bebe 是系动词 也是助动词 还可以是不及物动词 代词人称代词关系代词物主代词反身代词指示代词相互代词疑问动词不定代词I,me,we,us,you,he,him,she,her,it,they,themmy,mine,our,ours,your,yours,his,her,hers,its,theirsthis,that,these,thosemyself,ourselves,yourself,yourselves,himself,herself,itself,themselveseach otherboth，
5、each，every,some-，any-，every-，no-加上加上body，one，thingwho，when，whose,what,whichwho，whom，whose，that，which，as组成句子的各个组成部分叫组成句子的各个组成部分叫句子成分句子成分.是一个句子的主干部分之一是一个句子的主干部分之一,主语表明主语表明 是是“什么人什么人”“什么事什么事”，通常由，通常由 名词名词,代词代词,动名词动名词,不定式不定式 来充当来充当.1.likes her new bike.2.work hard.3.is not easy.4.is great fun.主主谓谓宾宾定定状状
6、补补表表LucyWeTo learn a foreign languagePlaying football after school主语主语 说明主语说明主语做什么做什么或或怎么样怎么样。通常由。通常由动词动词充当充当.动词常分为动词常分为实义动词实义动词,连系动词连系动词,情态动词情态动词和和助动词助动词.1.They very hard.2.Tom much better now.(系动词系动词:表示状态表示状态,后面往往接形容词后面往往接形容词 is,am,are,sound,look,become)情态动词情态动词和和助动词助动词不能单独充当谓语不能单独充当谓语,必须必须和实义动词或系
7、动词一起构成谓语和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.They English well.They over there.workfeelscan speakare playing谓语谓语 动作行为动作行为的对象与承受者，说明主语做的对象与承受者，说明主语做 什么。一般放在及物动词或介词后面什么。一般放在及物动词或介词后面.由由名词名词,代词代词,数词数词,动词不定式动词不定式,动名词动名词构成构成.1.We study 2.I saw yesterday.3.He wanted 4.She likes 5.Our teacher said双宾语双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。：指人的是
8、间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。He gave English.himto have a pen.playing basketball.that he would go there.metwo books.宾语宾语 跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句,用来说明用来说明主语主语的身份的身份,特征特征,状态状态.My sister is The trees turn The flower is To see is a nurse.green.beautiful.to believe.表语表语完整的句子 分为主语补足语和宾语补足语。分为主语补足语和宾语补足语。起到补充说明主语或起到
9、补充说明主语或宾语宾语的作用。的作用。Teachers usually try to make their classes interesting.We call him Mr.Big.We made him copy the sentence.At the meeting we elected him monitor.We hear him singing in the hall.interestingcopy the sentencemonitorsinging in the hallMr.Big补语补语 用来修饰用来修饰名词或代词名词或代词的词的词.形容词形容词,形容词性物主代词形容词性
10、物主代词,名词名词,不定式不定式,介词短语介词短语等等.This is a car.The building is teaching building.The doctor is wife.I have something The man is Mr.Li.student has an book.redtheirwomanmyto tell you.in front of the gateEveryEnglish定语定语 说明动作或状态特征说明动作或状态特征,用来修饰动词用来修饰动词,形容词形容词,副词副词或整个句子或整个句子.副词副词,介词短语介词短语,动词不定式动词不定式,以及以及 aft
11、er,when,as soon as,until,if,before等引起的从句等引起的从句.You are right.They draw We came we will stay at home.quiteoftenin the park.in order to learn English.here If it rains tomorrow,状语状语简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型1 主语主语+谓语谓语（不及物动词（不及物动词）（）（S+Vi S+Vi）He came.He came.She dancesShe dances.They left.They left.2 主语主语+谓
12、语谓语(及物动词及物动词)+宾语宾语 (S+Vt+O)I saw her.I saw her.They like watching TV.They like watching TV.3 主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语 (S+Vt+I.O.+D.O.)(S+Vt+I.O.+D.O.)I gave her a book.She showed her friends all the pictures.give sb.sth.buy sb.sth.tell sb.sth.offer sb.sth.show sb.sth.4 主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾补宾补 (S+Vt+O
13、+OC)(S+Vt+O+OC)I asked Mary to help me.I asked Mary to help me.We call our headmaster a wise man.We call our headmaster a wise man.ask sb.ask sb.to doto do get sb.get sb.to doto do make sb.make sb.dodo 5 主语主语+连系动词连系动词+表语表语(S+V+P)(S+V+P)I am a student.I am a student.She looks very young.She looks ver
14、y young.How to modify a noun1.an enjoyable experience1.an enjoyable experience2.the rules of the school2.the rules of the school3.the cake that I made3.the cake that I made形容词形容词介词短语介词短语定语从句定语从句Please translate the following phrases:1.the book for free免费免费的的书籍书籍2.the article about your experiences i
15、n the UK关于你在英国的经历关于你在英国的经历的的文章文章The Attributive ClauseShe is the teacher who taught us English.Introduction to attributive clauses:Introduction to attributive clauses:由关系代词或关系副词引导的句子由关系代词或关系副词引导的句子,来修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定来修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句语从句.(被修饰的名词叫被修饰的名词叫先行词先行词)He is the man who I met yesterday.man是先行词
16、是先行词,who是关系代词是关系代词先行词先行词关系代词关系代词Review(Translating)一一个名叫戴安娜的个名叫戴安娜的女孩女孩她教的她教的课课我做的我做的蛋糕蛋糕我上的我上的艺术课艺术课 a girl whose name is Dianathe lessons that she gavethe cake that I madethe Art class that I tookRead the sentences on P.88 and find out the attributive clauses in C1.2.The first book that Id like to
17、 read during the holidays is Travel in China.4.I know a shop which sells really good cookies.5.All my classmates enjoyed the cake I made.宾语宾语主语主语宾语宾语 )()()9.We are going to look after the little girl whose mother is very ill in hospital.7.The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.6.
18、He is not the man that he once was.)(定语定语表语表语主语主语)(1.David was one of the most helpful students that we ever had.2.In 2004,he went to Oxford University where he came interested in Chinese culture.1.3.Some of the cities in China which he likes most are Beijing,Shanghai宾语宾语宾语宾语地点状语地点状语5.The paintings
19、that David donated to the school are being displayed in the assembly hall.4.Some of the books were gifts that he got from his Chinese friends and students.3.Most of the students that he taught have become his friends.宾语宾语宾语宾语宾语宾语1.David was one of the most helpful students that we ever had.大卫是我们学生中最
20、乐于助人的学生之一。大卫是我们学生中最乐于助人的学生之一。2.In 2004,he went to Oxford University where he became interested in Chinese culture.2004年他去了牛津大学，在那他开始对年他去了牛津大学，在那他开始对中国文化感兴趣。中国文化感兴趣。宾语宾语地点状语地点状语()(3.Some of the cities in China which he likes most are Beijing,Shanghai他最喜欢的中国城市有北京，上海他最喜欢的中国城市有北京，上海宾语宾语宾语宾语4.Most of the
21、 students that he taught have become his friends.他教过的学生大部分成了他的朋友。他教过的学生大部分成了他的朋友。)(6.The paintings that David donated to the school are being displayed in the exhibition hall.大卫捐献给学校的作品被展示在学校的大礼大卫捐献给学校的作品被展示在学校的大礼堂。堂。5.Some of the books were gifts that he got from his Chinese friends and students.有些
22、书是他从中国朋友和学生那里获得的礼物有些书是他从中国朋友和学生那里获得的礼物宾语宾语宾语宾语)(ReadingReading:P91.be/get/become interested in sth.2.develop an interest in sth.3.after graduating from university4.upon/on doing sth.5.donate to6.make a speech7.at 3 p.m.on 9 October8.know more about.9.the school open day1.1.对对感兴趣感兴趣2.2.培养在培养在方面方面 的兴趣
23、的兴趣3.3.大学毕业后大学毕业后4.4.一一就就5.5.把把捐献给捐献给6.6.做一次演讲做一次演讲7.7.在十月九日下午在十月九日下午 三点三点8.8.了解更多了解更多9.9.学校对外开放日学校对外开放日 ReadingReading:P91.be/get/become interested in sth.2.develop an interest in sth.3.after graduating from university4.upon/on doing sth.5.donate to6.make a speech7.thank sb.for sth.8.miss the chanc
24、e to do sth.1.1.对对感兴趣感兴趣2.2.培养在培养在方面方面 的兴趣的兴趣3.3.大学毕业后大学毕业后4.4.一一就就5.5.把把捐献给捐献给6.6.做一次演讲做一次演讲7.7.因为因为感谢某人感谢某人8.8.错过做错过做的机会的机会 ReadingReading:P91.be/get/become interested in sth.2.develop an interest in sth.3.after graduating from university4.upon/on doing sth.5.donate to6.make a speech7.thank sb.for
25、 sth.8.miss the chance to do sth.1.1.对对感兴趣感兴趣2.2.培养在培养在方面方面 的兴趣的兴趣3.3.大学毕业后大学毕业后4.4.一一就就5.5.把把捐献给捐献给6.6.做一次演讲做一次演讲7.7.因为因为感谢某人感谢某人8.8.错过做错过做的机会的机会先行词先行词主语主语 宾语宾语 所有格所有格 指代人指代人 指代物指代物 Whothatwhose 关系代词在从句中关系代词在从句中:当关系代词在从句当关系代词在从句中中作宾语时作宾语时,关系关系代词可以省略。代词可以省略。whom/who/thatChoose the proper words to fi
26、ll in the blanks.Choose the proper words to fill in the blanks.who,that,whom,whosewho,that,whom,whose1.1.He would hire a man _ He would hire a man _ they saythey say is a is a good programmer.good programmer.2.2.He is a man _ you can safely depend on.He is a man _ you can safely depend on.3.3.This i
27、s the boy _ has achieved high grades.This is the boy _ has achieved high grades.4.The man _ mustache is grey is ninety years 4.The man _ mustache is grey is ninety years old now.old now.who/thatwho/that (who/that/whom)(who/that/whom)whosewhosewho/thatwho/thatThe boy is Tom.The boy is smiling.The boy
28、 is Tom.The boy has a round face.The boy who is smiling is Tom.(主语主语)The boy who has a round face is Tom.The boy is Tom.He sits in front of me.The boy who sits in front of me is Tom.The man is kind.Everyone likes him.The man(whom/who/that)everyone likes is kind.(宾语宾语)The woman(whom/who/that)we saw o
29、n the street got the job.The teacher will give us a talk.We met the teacher yesterday.The teacher(whom/who/that)we met yesterday will give us a talk.The woman got the job.We saw her on the street.I sat next to a girl.Her name was Diana.I sat next to a girl whose name was Diana.I met him in the stree
30、t.His glasses were very beautiful.I met him whose glasses were very beautiful in the street.先行词先行词主语主语 宾语宾语 所有格所有格 指代人指代人 指代物指代物 关系代词在从句中关系代词在从句中:当关系代词在从句中当关系代词在从句中作宾语时作宾语时,关系代词可以省略。关系代词可以省略。Whichthat(which that)whoseChoose the proper words to fill in the blanks.Choose the proper words to fill in th
31、e blanks.that,which,whose,that,which,whose,1.1.The teaching building _was put up The teaching building _was put up last year looks nice.last year looks nice.2.2.This is the library _ he loves best.This is the library _ he loves best.3.3.The book _ cover is green is mine.The book _ cover is green is
32、mine.4.4.The house_ roof is brown belongs to Tom.The house_ roof is brown belongs to Tom.which/thatwhich/that (which/that)(which/that)whosewhosewhosewhoseMrs.Clark is angry with the goat which is eating her flowers.Can you lend me the book?You talked about it last night.Can you lend me the book(whic
33、h)you talked about last night.Mrs.Clark is angry with the goat.The goat is eating her flowers.He lives in the house.Its windows face south.He lives in the house whose windows face south.He lives in the house.The windows of it face south.He lives in the house,the windows of which face south.先行词先行词主语主
34、语 宾语宾语 所有格所有格 指代人指代人 指代物指代物 关系代词在从句中关系代词在从句中:Which/thatWhich/thatwhoseWho/thatwhosewhom/who/that1.This is the school thatwhich I studied in five years ago.2.In this school there are about 30 foreign students who/that have come to study Chinese.Workbook:C2 p88)()(介词宾语介词宾语主语主语3.These students whose pa
35、rents come to China for business like the school very much.4.The teaching building that/which was put up last year looks nice.5.The man who/that is standing in front of the school library is the headmaster.定语定语)(主语主语)(主语主语)(6.Next to him stands a girl whose name is Tina.7.Tina is the student who/tha
36、t won a prize in the writing competition.8.Tina likes reading the novels which/that were written by Charles Dickens.定语定语)(主语主语)(主语主语)(9.Tina is the host of the schools radio club that/which was started two years ago.10.Students like the school news(that/which)the radio club broadcasts.主语主语)(宾语宾语)(wh
37、ich 和和 that 的区别的区别:只能用只能用 that 不能用不能用 which 的情况的情况a.当先行词当先行词被序数词被序数词修饰时修饰时,用用that:This is the first trip that I have made in my life.b.当先行词当先行词被形容词最高级被形容词最高级修饰时修饰时,用用 that:The most important thing that you should do now is to pass the exam.which 和和 that 的区别的区别:This is the very book that I am looking
38、 for.e.当先行词被当先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时修饰时,用用that:which 和和 that 的区别的区别:c.当先行词当先行词既有人又有物既有人又有物时时,用用that:d.当先行词当先行词是是all,much,little,everything,anything,none,no,以及以及由由no构成的复合构成的复合 词词时时,用用that:Please write down the things and the persons that we talked about last Friday.She took away ev
39、erything that belonged to her.1.This is the professor taught me chemistry in 1980.2 The hospital was built five years ago has been modernized.3 This is the boy father died three years ago.4 The film we saw the day before yesterday is very interesting.5 Do you know the student was praised at the meet
40、ing?6 1949 is the year the PRC was founded.7 They work in a factory makes radio parts.8 They work in a factory radio parts are made.This is the vision phone through we can see and talk to our friends.who/thatwho/thatwhich/thatwhich/thatwhosewhosewhich/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwho/thatwhenwhenwhich/whic
41、h/wherewherewhichwhich10 Here are players from Japan,some of are our old friends.11 She lives in a small village,is only three miles from here.12 She is going to spend the summer holidays in Shanghai,she has some friends.13 Well put off the meeting till next week,we wont be so busy.14 The sun gives
42、the earth light and heat,is very important to the living things.Those want to go to the computer room write your names here.He was often late,made his teacher very angry.17 Who is the person is standing at the gate?18 He talked about the teachers and schools he had visited.whomwhomwhichwhichwherewhe
43、rewhenwhenwhichwhichwho who whichwhich that that that that1 He told us about the countries where he had visited.2 Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids.3 China is the country where he spent the best part of his life.4 The days when we spent together cant be forgotten.5 The house stands
44、 at the place that the two roads meet.6 We shall visit the college where his father teaches there.7 I know the reason that she looks so worried.8 He left me the book,that is very useful for me.9 This is the room which food is kept.10 April 15,1976 is the day when well never forget.11 The man came ye
45、sterday is our English teacher.12 The students are playing football on the playground are of Class Two.Error Correction(if any)13 This is all which I can do for you.14 Can you think of anyone whos house was here?15 The watch that Mother bought it for me works very well.16 This is the only book that
46、were borrowed from the library.17 The day which she had to leave arrived at last.18 The doctor whom they want to see have come.19 Do you know the young man whom has been chosen chairman?20 A plane is a machine can fly.21 It is one of the best pictures which have been sold.22 Those that want to go put up your hands.23 This is the knife with that the doctor did the operation.24 Who is the man whom you said hello just now?
