1、被动语态被动语态 The Passive VoiceThe Passive Voice动词有两种语态：动词有两种语态：主动语态主动语态和和被被动语态动语态。主动语态主动语态表示主语是谓表示主语是谓语动作的语动作的执行者执行者；被动语态被动语态则表则表示主语是谓语动作的示主语是谓语动作的承受者承受者。英语英语被动被动句的特征：句的特征：1、句子中有、句子中有by sb.，表示动作的实施者；，表示动作的实施者；2、一般来说，句子中的及物动词谓语或动词、一般来说，句子中的及物动词谓语或动词短语后没有宾语；短语后没有宾语；3、句子的主语可以转换成谓语动词（短语）、句子的主语可以转换成谓语动词（短语）的
2、宾语。的宾语。汉语汉语被动被动句的特征：句的特征：用介词“被”或“叫”“让”等引进动作施事者。基本结构：名（受事）+被+名（施事）+动+其它敌人被我们打败了。（我们打败敌人）他被公司开除了。（公司开除他）They stole some new computers last night.动作的承受者动作的执行者动作主动语态主动语态Some new computers were stolen last night(by them).动作的承受者动作动作的执行者被动语态被动语态被动语态的用法1当不知道或没必要说明动作的执行者时，用被动语态。Some new computers were stolen
3、 last night.一些新电脑昨晚被盗了。This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥于 1981 年竣工。2需强调或突出动作的承受者时常用被动语态。此时动作的执行者由 by 引导且置于谓语动词之后，也可省略。The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打碎的。This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。3当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。T
4、he window was blown open by wind.窗户被风吹开了。4表示客观的说明常用“It is过去分词that 从句”It is said that.据说It is known to all that.众所周知It is reported that.据报道It is believed that.大家相信5.为了使句子简练，上下文紧凑、连贯，为了使句子简练，上下文紧凑、连贯，常使用被动语态常使用被动语态Apples are good for health and are liked by almost everyone.苹果对健康有益，几乎被所有人喜欢。When he was
5、 five,he was taught how to swim.五岁的时候，他就被教会如何游泳。完成句子完成句子:1.人们用小刀来切东西。人们用小刀来切东西。Knives _ by people to cut things.2.他今天没有扫地他今天没有扫地.The floor_by him today.3.你爸爸每天晚上看报纸吗？你爸爸每天晚上看报纸吗？_newspapers _ by your father every night?are used isnt sweptread一般现在时的被动语态结构一般现在时的被动语态结构:主语主语+am/is/are+过去分词过去分词+(by)Are肯定
6、句：肯定句：否定句：否定句：疑问句：疑问句：主语主语+am/is/are+not+过去分词过去分词+(by)Am/Is/Are+主语主语+过去分词过去分词+(by)?完成句子完成句子:1.他们去年建了一些桥。他们去年建了一些桥。Some bridges _ by them last year.2.这本书不是这本书不是2000年出版的。年出版的。The book _in 2000.3.他把窗户打破了吗？他把窗户打破了吗？_the windows _by him?brokenwasnt publishedwere built一般过去时的被动语态结构一般过去时的被动语态结构:主语主语+was/wer
7、e+动词过去分词动词过去分词+(by)Were肯定句：肯定句：否定句：否定句：疑问句：疑问句：主语主语+was/were+not+动词过去分词动词过去分词+(by)Was/Were+主语主语+动词过去分词动词过去分词+(by)完成句子完成句子:1.比赛将在明天举行。比赛将在明天举行。The match _ tomorrow.2.我下星期不会去参观北京。我下星期不会去参观北京。Beijing _by me next week.3.你们将会照很多相片吗？你们将会照很多相片吗？_ many photos _by you?will be heldwont be visitedbe taken一般将来时
8、的被动语态结构一般将来时的被动语态结构:主语主语+will be+动词过去分词动词过去分词+(by)Will肯定句：肯定句：否定句：否定句：疑问句：疑问句：主语主语+wont be+动词过去分词动词过去分词+(by)Will+主语主语+be+动词过去分词动词过去分词+(by)?完成句子完成句子:1.很多书能够在网上阅读。很多书能够在网上阅读。Many books _ online.2.我们不应该摘花。我们不应该摘花。The flowers _by us.3.教室必须现在清洁吗？教室必须现在清洁吗？_the classroom _now?can be readbe cleanedshouldnt
9、 be picked含情态动词的被动语态结构含情态动词的被动语态结构:主语主语+情态动词情态动词+be+动词过去分词动词过去分词+(by)Must肯定句：肯定句：否定句：否定句：疑问句：疑问句：主语主语+情态动词情态动词+not+be+动词过去分词动词过去分词+(by)情态动词情态动词+主语主语+be+动词过去分词动词过去分词+(by)完成句子完成句子:1.我已经完成了作业。我已经完成了作业。My homework _ by me.2.这些电池还没充好电。这些电池还没充好电。These batteries _.3.自从自从8点后电视就一直关着吗？点后电视就一直关着吗？_the TV _ sin
10、ce 8 oclock?havent been chargedhas been finished been turned off现在完成时的被动语态结构现在完成时的被动语态结构:主语主语+have/has+been+动词过去分词动词过去分词+(by)Has肯定句：肯定句：否定句：否定句：疑问句：疑问句：主语主语+havent/hasnt+been+动词过去分词动词过去分词+(by)Have/Has+主语主语+been+动词过去分词动词过去分词+(by)时态时态被动语态被动语态例句例句一般现在一般现在时时am/is/are+doneIt is called an apple.一般过去一般过去时时
11、was/were+doneThis bike was bought last month.现在进行现在进行时时am/is/are+being doneIt is being repaired these days.过去进行过去进行时时was/were+being doneHe was being punished when I came in.现在完成现在完成时时have/has+been doneThe work has been finished.时态时态被动语态被动语态例句例句过去完成过去完成时时had+been doneThe work had been finished by the
12、 end of yesterday.一般将来一般将来时时will/shall+be doneThe work will be finished tomorrow.be going to do be going to be done Another bridge is going to be built over the river.情态动词情态动词 情态动词情态动词+bedoneThe work must be finished in two days time.被动语态中需注意的问题：被动语态中需注意的问题：1.一些使役动词一些使役动词(let,have,make等等)或感官动词或感官动词(
13、see,hear,watch,notice等等)在主动语态中后面接在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式不带的动词不定式不带to，但改为被动语态时，要，但改为被动语态时，要补上补上to。(1)The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day.The workers _ 18 hours a day.(2)I saw him enter the house.He _ the house.was seen to enterare made to work(3)The teacher let them leave the classroom.They _ the
14、classroom.(4)We hear her sing in the room every day.She _ in the room every day.2.带有介词的固定动词短语，在改为被动语态时，带有介词的固定动词短语，在改为被动语态时，不能把介词丢掉。不能把介词丢掉。eg.(1)We should listen to the teacher carefully.The teacher _ carefully.(2)I will take good care of your baby.Your baby _.is heard to singwere let to leaveshoul
15、d be listened towill be taken good care of3.并不是所有动词都有被动语态。并不是所有动词都有被动语态。happen,take place,belong to,cost,last等不等不 及物动词和词组没有被动语态。如：及物动词和词组没有被动语态。如：(错误错误)The accident was happened at night.(正确正确)The accident happened at night.(2)(错误错误)Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978.(正确正确)Great
16、 changes have taken place in China since 1978.(3)(错误错误)The rainy days will be lasted for 3 days.(正确正确)The rainy days will last for 3 days.单项选择：单项选择：()1.The window_ by me every day.A.cleans B.is cleaned C.is cleaning()2.English _in many countries.A.are spoken B.speaks C.is spoken()3.We _ not to play
17、computer games.A.are told B.have told C.told()4.The 2012 Olympic Games will _ in London.A.hold B.be held C.being held BCAB()5._ the children _ to swim last month?A.Are,taught B.Were,taught C.Have,taught()6.This kind of desk _ wood.A.is not made of B.is not made by C.is not made from()7._ the work _
18、yet?A.Has;been finished B.will;be finished C.Is;finishing BAA()8.Children without parents must_.A.be taken good care of B.take good care of C.be taken good care()9.Books _ from our library.A.borrow B.can be borrowed C.can be lent()10.Most of the farm work _ by machines in the USA.A.is done B.are don
19、e C.is doingABA用所给词的适当形式填空：用所给词的适当形式填空：1.Basketball _(play)in most middle schools.2.The policeman looked for him everywhere and he _ (catch)at last.3.Tom _(tell)to come to school early yesterday.4._the house _(build)ten years ago?5.Everything must _(do)before your friends arrive.is playedwas caughtw
20、as toldbuiltbe doneWas6.The flowers _(must water)every day.7.Wait a minute.It _(finish)in five minutes.8.The sports meeting _(hold)once a year.9._The tractors(拖拉机拖拉机)_(send)to the farm last month?10.Many of the stars _(can not see)because theyre too far away.must be wateredwill be finishedis heldsen
21、tcant be seenWere完成句子：完成句子：1.钥匙是用来开门的。钥匙是用来开门的。The keys _ the doors.2.这些裙子是手工制造的。这些裙子是手工制造的。These skirts _.3.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了吗？一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了吗？_some new computers _ last night?4.这辆自行车有几年没有使用。这辆自行车有几年没有使用。This bike _ several years.are used for openingare made by handstolenhas not been used forWere5.这里将创办一所新学
22、校。这里将创办一所新学校。A new school _ here.6.小时候父母鼓励我唱歌。小时候父母鼓励我唱歌。I _ by my parents when I was a child.7.哈利哈利.波特波特每年被数百万青少年阅每年被数百万青少年阅读。读。The book Harry Potter _ teenagers every year.8.那些电子邮件是昨天送给他的那些电子邮件是昨天送给他的.The emails _ to him yesterday.will be set upwas encouraged to singis read bymillions ofwere sent9.不可以拿走这本书。不可以拿走这本书。The book _.10.图书馆里不允许大声喧哗。图书馆里不允许大声喧哗。Shouting _ in the library.11.老师问了他一个问题。老师问了他一个问题。A question _ his teacher.12.我将亲自做一条围巾。我将亲自做一条围巾。A scarf _ by me _.13.我还没被邀请去晚会。我还没被邀请去晚会。I _ the party yet.cant be taken awayisnt allowedwas asked bywill be madein personhavent been invited to
