1、Teacher：中考语法复习之被动语态01.被动语态的时态：02.被动语态的基本用法:03.主动主动语态变被动语态的变法：04.特殊情况的被动语态：CONTENT01被动语态的时态1.一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+动词的过去分词2.一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+动词的过去分词3.一般将来时的被动语态：will be+动词的过去分词4.现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are+being+动词的过去分词5.现在完成时的被动语态：have/has+been+动词的过去分词6.情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+动词的过去分词被动语态的时态02被动语态的基本用法:被动语态的基本
2、用法(1)需要强调动作的承受者时The Great Wall is enjoyed by millions of people all over the world.English is widely spoken in the world now.(2)不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时Mr.Wang is invited to the meeting today.The problem is dealt with now.(3)当说话人需要强调客观时It is said that she was a beauty when she was young.03主动语态变被动语态的用法语态转换不被
3、动语态的步骤1,把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语2,把动词改为被动语态形式即be+过去分词。3,原来主动语态句子中的主语,如果需要就放在by的后面以它的宾格形式出现(因为by是介词,后面需跟宾格作介词的宾语。)以指明做事的人或物,如果没有必要,可以省略。4,其它成分不变5,被动语态中by+宾语的省略见下页（2）（3）5,被动语态中by+宾语的省略被动语态句式中的by+宾语表示及物动词所表示动作的执行者,但是在遇到以下情况时,表示动作执行者by+宾语常常被省略。（1）(1)动作执行者不确定时Paper is made from wood.Many people are killed in
4、traffic accidents every year.(2)不必表明动作执行者时English is also spoken as the second language as well as one of the official languages(3)动作执行者为一般大众时Both English and Spanish are spoken in this area.1324一般过去时的被动语态的基本句式肯定式肯定式:主语+was/were+过去分词+byIt was made in Beijing Renai Education Institute.否定式否定式:主语+was/w
5、ere+not+过去分词+byShe was not given a paniting by him.This question was not discussed at the meeting yesterday 一般疑问句一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+过去分词+by?Was it made of bamboo?特殊疑问句特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were+过去分词+byWhat was is made of?SWOT否定式(2)否定式:主语+情态动词+not+be+过去分词+byYou must not take out any books.-Any books mustnt
6、be taken out by you.They neednt look after the little child-The little child neednt be looked after(by them)常见情态动词常见的情态动词有:can,may,ought to,must,dare,need,should.肯定式肯定式:主语+情态动词+be+过去-Water can be changed into ice.She ought to tidy up her bedroom-Her bedroom ought to be tidied up.You should buy a dic
7、tionary at once-A dictionary should be bought at once by you.疑问句疑问句:情态动词+主语+be+过去分词+byCan you use it?-Can it be used?常见的情态动词有:can,may,ought to,must,dare,need,should.由情态动词构成的被动语态的基本句式1.The composition _ any more.A)need not to be corrected B)doesnt need to be correctedC)doesnt need be corrected D)need
8、 not correctB2.I think much attention _your pronunciation.A)must be paid to B)ought to be paidC)must pay toD)should paid toAVS主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况:1,当宾语是反身代词时 The man introduced himself as Mr.Parker.2,当谓语是表示状态的及物动词时 Does the pair of new shoes suit you?We will have a meeting.动句转被动句1 his mother told him no
9、t to waste time on fishing.2 Father gave me a toy at Christmas.3 This factory produces machine tools.4 They should do it at once.5 He is likely to let you down.6 They named the child tom.答案1 He was told not to waste time on fishing(by his mother).2 I was given a toy at Christmas(by my father).3 Mach
10、ine tools are produced in this factory.4 It should be done at once(by them).5 You are likely to be let down.6 The child was named tom.04特殊情况的被动语态：1).give/pass/show 与介词与介词to 搭配。搭配。give sb sth sb+be given sth 或 sth+be given+to sb.2).buy/make/cook 与介词与介词for 搭配。搭配。buy sb sth sb+be bought+sth 或 sth+be bo
11、ught+for sbEg:He gave me a book I a book by him.A book me by him.口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to/for 间宾连。1.带双宾语的被动语态：动词+sb(间宾)+sth(直宾)动词：make/let/have/see/hear/feel/watch make sb do sth-sb+be+made+to do sth Eg:The boss made the workers work all day The workers work all day by the boss.口诀：感使动词真叫怪，to来to去记心怀，主
12、动语态to离去被动语态to回来。2.带省to 的不定式作宾补的被动语态：动词+sb+do sth.3.see/hear/notice/keep+sb+doing sth 句型中变被动语态时句型中变被动语态时doing 不变。不变。I heard Tom singing just now.Tom by me just now.3.see/hear/notice/keep+sb+doing sth 句型中变被动语态时doing 不变。4.以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。We should take care of the old.The old should 4.
13、以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。五注意事项：1.有些及物动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态：last,have,own.belong to,suitfine,2.不及物动词是没有被动语态：happen,take place,appear,hold(容纳)3.系动词是没有被动语态：Look,feel,sound,smell,taste.The dish tastes good.4.有些词组没有被动语态：sell well,write well,ride well,drive well This kind of skirt sells well.5.need表示需要时
14、，后面常接doing 形式表示被动意义，相当于to be done.All the computers need repairing.=All the computers need.6.在tooto及enough to 结构中有时表示被动意义。The problem is too difficult to solve.1.-What do you think of the latest TV play the Name of People?-Its very popular.Millions of families _by it during that time.()A.attracted B
15、.are attracted C.were attracted D.were attracting1.答案：C 根据上文你认为最新的电视剧人民的名义怎么样?推测下文的意思是亿万家庭被吸引了，结合时间状语during that time是表示过去的时间，故是一般过去式的被动关系，其构成是was/were+done，亿万家庭是复数，故选C.2.When Tim _ why he was late for school，he just kept silent.A.was asked B.asked C.was asking D.is asked2.答案：A 结合选项中的ask 一词并结合句意可判断出
16、Tim 是被问的对象，是谓语动词ask 的动作承受者，所以此处应该用被动语态，其结构为be+动词的过去分词;又由于后面主句中的关键词kept，所以主从句的时态要保持一致要用一般过去时，意为过去发生的事.综合以上的分析，可知此处应该用一般过去时的被动语态，因为主语是单数Tim，所以be 变为was 加ask 的过去分词asked.故选A.3.The play _ at the theatre next Sunday.()A.will show B.will shown C.will be shown D.is shown3.答案：C.根据题干可知，主语the play是动作show的承受者，和动
17、词构成被动的关系，应该用被动语态.被动语态的结构是be+过去分词.根据句中的next Sunday可知，应该用一般将来时.一般将来时态的被动语态的构成：will+be+及物动词的过去分词，故选C.4.答案：D.考查被动语态.句意啊，天哪!昨晚我们的房子被闯入了.看看地板上的脚印.A过去式.B过去进行时态.C过去分词.D一般过去时态的被动语态.由last night昨晚，可知，是一般过去时态，因此B，C不正确.主语house房子.是动词短语break into的承受者，表示被闯入.用一般过去时态的被动语态.结构是was/were+动词的过去分词.主语house单数，用was.break的过去分词
18、是broken.答案是D.4.Oh，my god!Our house last night.Look at the footprints(脚印)on the floor.()A.broke into B.was breaking into C.broken into D.was broken into9.答案：B.考查被动语态.句意安迪喜欢弹钢琴，放学后经常听到他弹钢琴.hear sb doing sth听见某人正在做某事.hear sb do sth听见某人做了某事.主语he他，这里是动作hear听到的承受者，表示被听到弹钢琴，用被动语态.由very often经常，可知是一般现在时态的被动
19、语态，结构是is/am/are+动词的过去分词.主语he他，第三人称单数.用is.hear的过去分词是heard.被动语态中hear后的不定式to不能省略.答案是B.5.Andy loves playing the piano.He the piano after school very often.()A.is heard play B.is heard to play C.hears playing D.hears play6.答案：D分析句子结构可知该句为含有as soon as 引导的时间状语从句的复合句，根据主句是含有情态动词的一般现在时，可确定时间状语从句的时态为一般现在时，结合选
20、项可知从句的谓语动词为finish，根据从句的主语the homework 是谓语动词finish的承受者二者形成被动关系故确定为被动语态，故从句的谓语动词为一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为is/am/are+过去分词，又知homework为不可数名词只有单数形式，故助动词为is，finish的过去分词为finished，故填is finished，故选D6.They can go home as soon as the homework _.()A.finishes B.finished C.was finished D.is finished E.is finished7.The 31st Olympic Games _ in Rio on August 5th，2016.()A.are held B.will hold C.will be held D.are going to hold7.句意第三十一届奥运会将在2016年8月5日巴西里约热内卢举行.。结合语境在2016年8月5日，可知，这里用一般将来时态，结构是will或be going to，后跟动词原形.主语是The 31st Olympic Games是动词hold的承受者，因此用一般将来时态的被动语态，结构是will be+动词的过去分词.答案是C。THANK YOU
