1、专题十八专题十八 阅读理解阅读理解中考英语语法专题本专题内容适用于7-9年级学生本专题一般共需4课时第二课时 阅读理解一、事实细节题解题要点二、事实细节题的常见的提问形式:三、巩固练习事实细节型 文章中心是文章中心是论点论点，事实细节是，事实细节是论论据据或或主要理由主要理由；有关细节的问题常对；有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接直接或或间接间接在文章中找到答案。在文章中找到答案。提问的特殊疑问词常有：提问的特殊疑问词常有：what,who,which,where,how,why
2、 等。等。解题原则解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。一、事实细节题解题要点1）Which of the following statement is true?2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?3）The author(or the passage)states that_.4）According to the passage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)_?在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细
3、节问题常有以下几种命题方式：The human body is a living machine,and like all machines,it needs fuel to supply it with energy.That is the food we eat.But how much do we need to stay healthy?The energy value of food is usually measured in calories.A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of
4、1kg of water by 1.The number of calories people need per day is different,as the chart shows CALORIES NEEDED PER DAYBaby 750Office worker 2,700Child aged 8 2,100 Woman feeding baby 2,700Man over 70 2,100Boy aged 16 3,000Woman 3,600Farmer 2,600Q1)_ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5k
5、g of water from 35to 90.A.55 B.175 C.325 D.275 Q2)Which statement is TRUE according to the chart above?A.A child aged 8 requires more than 3 times the amount of calories that a baby does.A boy aged 16 requires nearly twice the amount of calories that a boy aged 8 does.An office worker requires the s
6、ame amount of calories per day as a woman feeding a baby does.D.A farmer requires nearly 1.5 times the amount of calories that an office worker does.【解析】答案为 D 根据文章细节内容，计算公式为：(90-35)51=275【解析】答案为 C 根据文章图表，依次验证A、B、C、D 四个答案的 内容是否正确。很易找出 C 符合图表内容。What do you think of your teachers？Now，American studentsc
7、an say what they think on a new website！On ，students can rate(评定)their teachers.So far，there have been 2 million ratings for 365，000 teachers at 21，000 schools in the US and Canada.Question:Where can the students rate(评定)their teachers according to the passage？A.On a new website B.At the class meeti
8、ng C.In the classroom.D.Out of the schoolQuiz 小试牛刀 Years ago，many zoos kept all kinds of animals in small cages.Small cages made it easy for people to see the animals，but a small cage is not a good place for an animal to live in.Today zoos keep animals in different kinds of cages.The cages are very
9、big and open.They usually have plants and a little lake.1.Zoos kept animals in small cages so that people canA.protect them B.see them betterC.feed them D.save them2.Today，zoos keep animalsA.in bigger cages B.in the wildC.in smaller cages D.in the field Then,about six months after she arrived,I felt
10、 something in my heart was taking place,and I was unable to stop it.My behavior began to change.I began to smile at people when passing them in a street.I returned waves（招手）from neighbors.I started calling my kids and,to my surprise,they started calling me.I even tried to speak to my grandchildren o
11、ver the phone once.I even was glad to listen to laughter from a 10-month-old granddaughter.The point is that I was changing.70.When did the mans behavior begin to change?About two years ago.B.When Gertie was nearly two years old.C.When Gertie was 15 weeks old.D.About six months after Gertie arrived.
12、Albert was an ordinary worker in an oil company in America.His workmates gave a nickname（绰号）“Four dollars a bucket(桶)”to him,for he was always used to leaving an advertisement of his company“Four dollars a bucket of oil”below his name whenever and wherever he wrote down his name.As time went by,peop
13、le forgot his real name.Later,when Rockefeller,the board chairman(董事长)of the oil company,heard of it,he was very surprised,so he invited Albert to come to his office.73.What was Albert in the oil company at the beginning?A worker.B.An assistant.C.A manager.D.The second board chairman.Its so beautifu
14、l outside that spending the day in the office would be very boring.So why not take the vacations off?A new survey found that 31%of U.S.workers dont always take all of their vacation days.Americans have 12 vacation days on average(平均)each year,but they give back an average of three vacation days each
15、 year.77.How many vacation days do Americans actually have on average each year?A.9.B.12.C.15.D.23.You are listening to Radio South.Here is some information about a pop concert.The group Red River will come to London soon.They will be in London from the twenty-eighth of October to the second of Nove
16、mber.Tickets are really dear-they cost thirty pounds each,but half of that money will go to a childrens hospital.To book a ticket,telephone two-eight-three,double 0-six-five between ten a.m.and five p.m.The London concerts will be in the South Bank Hall.Its very easy to find.The best way to get ther
17、e is to take the train,and it takes 40 minutes.The concert hall is in Trinity Street.Thats T-R-I-N-I-T-Y Street.See you there.17.When will the group Red River leave London?A.On October 28th.B.On November 2nd.C.On November 28t18.What is the telephone number?A.238-0065.B.283-6005.C.283-0065.19.How lon
18、g does it take to get to the South Bank Hall?A.Thirty minutes.B.Forty minutes.C.Fifty minutes.课时总结解题步骤：解题步骤：(1)迅速定位，缩小范围：迅速定位，缩小范围：通过阅读通过阅读题干，题干，找出关键词；迅速确找出关键词；迅速确定关键词在文中的位置，缩小阅读范围。定关键词在文中的位置，缩小阅读范围。关键词关键词包括：包括：专有专有名词、数词、时间副词，动词名词、数词、时间副词，动词,形容词最高级或比较级等。形容词最高级或比较级等。(2)理解其意，对照选项：理解其意，对照选项：定位后，仔细阅读，要对照选项。定位后，仔细阅读，要对照选项。(3)排干扰选项，选出答案：排干扰选项，选出答案：干扰项特征：杜撰事实。文不对题。干扰项特征：杜撰事实。文不对题。半真半假。与原文细节部分相同，部分相悖。半真半假。与原文细节部分相同，部分相悖。偷梁换柱。采用原文中的句式和大部分词汇，但换了个别词，偷梁换柱。采用原文中的句式和大部分词汇，但换了个别词，改变原意。改变原意。
