1、2018.01.01 Relative ClauseRelative Clause(定语从句定语从句)Reporter：语法层次213Attribute Exercises Exercises Relative clauseRelative clause1PART ONE Attribute Attribute（定语）介词短语定语The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.(in the classroom 为定语，修饰名词boy;of yours为定语，修饰名词pen)/教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。形容词定语所有的形容词，只要后面加名词，都是
2、定语名词定语The boy needs a ball pen.(ball为定语，修饰名词pen)/男孩需要一支圆珠笔。副词定语The boy there needs a pen.(there为定语，修饰名词boy)/那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。不定式定语Whats the next thing to be done?(to be done 为定语，修饰名词thing)/接下来要做的事情是什么?数词做定语There are five boys left.(five为定语，修饰名词boy;left为定语，修饰名词boy)/有五个留下的男孩。定语 名词形容词形容词数词数词句子句子介词介词副词副词2PAR
3、T two Relative clause Some relative pronouns or&adverbs.are typically found after a noun phrase and proving some information about the person or thing indicated by that noun phrase They are sometimes called adjective clauses because,like many adjectives they often describe and help to identify the p
4、erson or thing being talked about.What is Relative Clause?What is Relative Clause?定语从句：定语从句：(先行词）先行词）定语从句定语从句。先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。关系词：引导定语从句的句子。关系词：引导定语从句的句子。For exampleFor example：This is the car（which I bought last year.）Workers built shelters for survivors（whose homes had been d
5、estroyed.）事事，物物：which/that/whose/as 人：人：who/whom/whose/that/as地地点：点：where时间时间：when原因原因：why关关系系词词Knowledge points定语从句：定语从句：(先行词）先行词）定语从句定语从句。n 先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。n 关系词：引导定语从句的句子。关系词：引导定语从句的句子。关系代词关系代词用法用法:These are the trees which/that were planted last year.先先行行词词是是人人关系代词关系代词:who
6、whom whose that which先行词是先行词是物物These are the students who/that won the first place last year.Relative Pronouns指人WhoseThatWhowhich先先行行词词是是人人先先行行词词是是人人先先行行词词是是人人先先行行词词是是物物 who 作定语从句的作定语从句的主语主语或或宾语宾语.The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.作主语作主语 that 可以作定语
7、从句的可以作定语从句的主语主语和和宾语宾语.可省略可省略 The man that is speaking at the meeting is a worker.whose 作定语从句的作定语从句的定语定语.I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.The girls mother is a teacher.作定语作定语The woman(whom)they wanted to visit is a teacher.They wanted to visit the woman.作宾语作宾语whom在定语从句中作在定语从句中作宾语宾语。可省略可省略Rel
8、ative Pronouns指物Thatwhich先先行行词词是是物物先先行行词词是是物物2.which 作定语从句的作定语从句的主语主语或或宾语宾语.I like the book(which/that)you bought yesterday.This is a truck which/that is made in China.作主语作主语作宾语作宾语可省略可省略3.只能用只能用that的情况的情况 序数词序数词或或形容词最高级形容词最高级修饰先行词时修饰先行词时 Tom is the cleverest boy that I have ever known.This is the fi
9、rst play that I have seen since I came here.everything,something,nothing,all,anything,little,much等等不定代词不定代词作先行词时作先行词时 Everything that we saw in this film was true.先行词被先行词被every,some,no,all,any,little,much等修饰时。等修饰时。Ive read all the books that you lend me.先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时
10、。修饰时。This is the very book that belongs to him.主句已有主句已有who或或which时时Who is the girl that is standing under the tree?Which is the machine that we used last Sunday.4.关系代词前有介词时关系代词前有介词时(介词提前介词提前).指人只用指人只用whom,指物只用指物只用whichThis is the boy with whom he talked.This is the ring on which she spent 1000 dolla
11、rs.当先行词同时指当先行词同时指人人和和物物时时Ive never heard of the people and things that you talked about just now.四步搞定四步搞定关系词关系词1.1.确定确定本本句是定语从句句是定语从句2.2.确定先行确定先行词词3.3.代入先行代入先行词词4.4.确定确定关系词关系词举一反三举一反三：2.Thegirl/ismakingaspeechrightnowisourmonitor/who/.3.This is the room is broken whose door.Mr.Left is a kind husband
12、 whose wife always ask him to wash clothes.whoseMr.Left is a lucky dog master wants to teach him Kungfu.Sentence Analysis 1.Sheisthegirl（whomImetattheparty.）2.Here are two pictures（that are taken from the film.）3.The reason(that the car broke down)caused the accident.4.The boy and the girl （whom/tha
13、t/who you see in the picture）are Jack and Rose.定从句定从句定从句定从句Usage Of Relative PronounsUsage Of Relative Pronouns1)who,whom,that1)who,whom,that11)who,whom,that这些词代替的先行词是人人 的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下:Is he the man(who/that)wants to see you?(who/that在从句中作主语)He is the man(whom/that)I saw yesterday.(whom/that在从句中作
14、宾语)2)Whose 2)Whose 22)Whose 用来指人指人或物或物，(只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换)，例如:They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.Please pass me the book whose(of which)cover is green.3)which,that3)which,that33)which,that 它们所代替的先行词是事物事物 的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如:Prosperity which/that had never been seen
15、 before appears in the countryside.(which/that在句中作主语)The package(which/that)you are c a r r y i n g i s a b o u t t o c o m e unwrapped.(which/that在句中作宾语)关系代词关系代词指代指代在定语从句中所充当的成分在定语从句中所充当的成分人人物物句子句子主语主语宾语宾语状语状语定语定语whowhomwhichthatwhose The usage of the The usage of the relative pronounrelative prono
16、un&adverb&adverb Relative AdverbswhyThatwhenwhere先先行行词词是是时时间间先先行行词词是是地地点点名名词词先先行行词词是是reason充充当当关关系系副副词词关系副词的用法 when 既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制性定语从句。先行词是时间名词，在从句中充当时间状语，相当于“介词+which”。如：Can you tell me the time(whenwhen the film will start)?=Can you tell me the time（at which at which the film will start）?定从句
17、定从句关系where的用法where既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制性定语从句。先行词是地点名词，在从句中充当地点状语，相当于：“介词+which”。如：This is the school（I studied a few years ago.）This is the school in which in which I studied a few years ago.定从句关系why的用法 why只能引导限制性定语从句，先行先行词词只有只有reasonreason一一词词，在从句中充当原因状语，相当于：“for+which”。如：Do you know the reason（whywh
18、y he is not here now）?Do you know the reason for which for which he is not here now?你知道他还没有来这儿的原因吗？定从句 that只能引导限制性定语从句只能引导限制性定语从句，充当关系副词时，其作用相当于：“介介词词+关系关系代代词词”，在从句中充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语等。如：1.在定语从句中作时间状语。先行词有：但现代英语中，。如：Each time(that)(that)I meet him,he will smile and say“hello”.每次我会见他时，他都会笑着说“喂，你好!”thatt
19、hat往往省略往往省略each time,every time,anytime,the first time,the moment,the minute,the hour,etc.2.在定语从句中作方式状作方式状语语,现行现行词词是是wayway,如：Can you show me the way(that)(that)you solve the problem like this?请告诉我你解决这类问题的方法好吗？3.在定语从句中作作原因原因状状语语，现行现行词词只有只有reasonreason一一词词，如：I dont know the reason(that)(that)he has l
20、eft school now.我不知道他辍学的原因。4.在定语从句中做其他状语，现行词如price,speed等，如：I think the price(that)(that)she sells her apple is too high.(that=at which)我认为她卖苹果的价格太高。定从句定从句定从句关系关系副副词词相当于相当于先行先行词词在在从句从句中中的句的句法功能法功能whenat/in/on/during which表示时间的词(组)时间状语wherein/at which表示地点的词(组)地点状语whyfor whichreason原因状语关系副词相当于介词+which，
21、具体情形如下表所示:1.同义句同义句：In whichIn which1.同义句同义句：In whichIn which举一反三举一反三：举一反三举一反三：典型例题：Youre the only person _ Ive ever met _ could do it.A.who B.whom C.whom D.who解析：先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为,whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略.答案：D【定语从句考点分析】对于定语从句的考查，多以单选的形式考查学生灵活运用的能力。
22、一般情况下，常从关系词的意义和功能的角度考查，重点是that,which,who 引导的定语从句。典型例题：I can never forget the day_ we worked together and the day_ we spent together.A.When;which B.Which;when C.What;that D.On which;when解析：两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when.第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.答案
23、：A【定语从句知识点误区】当表示时间或地点的名词作先行词时，要判断出它们在从句中作状语还是主语或宾语。作状语时用关系副词，反之用关系代词。ExercisesExercises：一、定语从句是复合句的重要组成部分。在定语从句中不管出现什么情况，主句的结构必须完整。试比较：1.Is this farm _ they visited the day before yesterday?2.Is this the farm _ they visited the day before yesterday?A.which B.the one C.where D.what二、在定语从句中，关系代词或关系副词已
24、经代替先行词在定语从句中充当了某一成分，因此，定语从句中不能再出现与关系代词或关系副词相重叠的成分。例如：改错：Do you remember the book that I lent it to you last week?简析：该题中的that 指代先行词book，在定语从句中充当了动词 lend 的逻辑宾语，故 it 应该删除。三、解题时，首先要结合选项对题干进行整体感知，确定定语从句的位置；根据定语从句中所缺少的句子成分，分析先行词逻辑上在定语从句中的成分，继而选出正确的选项。例如：Can you tell me the name of the factory _ you visite
25、d last week?A.what B.where C./D.when简析：本题定语从句的主语、谓语、时间状语已具备，而visit 是个及物动词，从语义上分析，factory 作visit 的宾语。故只能选C(引导词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略）。四、解答介词+关系代词 类型的定语从句题时，关键在于分析定语从句中的谓语动词（该动词是不及物动词）习惯上常与什么介词搭配使用。这就需要同学们在平时学习时要注重某些不及物动词和介词惯用的情形，并要灵活运用。例如：In the dark street,there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whom
