1、世界属于充满活力的人 Be able to analysis the members and patternsof a sentence.名词性从句形容词性从句副词性从句 同位语从句宾语从句 主语从句 表语从句 定语从句状语从句members of a sentence构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；Subject 主语主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于_。1.Lucy likes her new bike.2.We work hard.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playing f
2、ootball after school is great fun.情态动词(Modal verb)和助动词(Auxiliary verb)不能单独充当谓语，必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。1）状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有be一词.He is a teacher.2）持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay.He always kept silent at meeting.系动词(Link Verb)5）变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come.He became mad
3、after that.6）终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turn out.The rumor proved false.His plan turned out a success.宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在_或_后面。1.We study English.2.Our teacher said that he would go there.3.He is looking at the dog.双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。He gave me two books.及物动词介词表语：跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句，用来说明主语的身份，特征，状态。
4、The trees turn green.The flower is beautiful.四、表语定语：用来修饰_。This is a red car.The building is their teaching building.The woman doctor is my wife.I have something to tell you.The man in front of the gate is Mr.Li.Every student has an English book.五、定语名词状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。六
5、、状语John often came to chat with me()As he was ill,he didnt come to class yesterday.()She is sitting at the desk,doing her homework.()My father worked in this school ten years ago.()Though he is young,he knows a lot.()He came running.()程度，目的地点，伴随地点，时间让步方式原因 补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。七、补语Everyone calls him
6、 Jack.（宾补）He is called Jack.（主补）同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词或名词词组，对前者进行补充说明 The Great Wall,one of the wonders in the world,attracts a large number of foreign friends.1.The sun rises in the east.（）2.He likes dancing.（）3.Two will be enough.()4.Seeing is believing.（）6.To see is to believe.（）7.When to hold the me
7、eting has not been decided yet.()8.What he needs is a book.（）9.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（）名词代词数词动名词不定式疑问词+不定式从句It作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语 当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。什么情况下用it作形式主语？你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?你懂得翻译下列句子吗
8、？1)It is wrong to tell a lie.()2)It is no use arguing about it.()3)It is uncertain who will come.()说谎是错误的。争吵是没用的。谁要来还不确定。1.He is a teacher.()2.My idea is this.()3.She was the first to arrive.()4.I feel much better today./I must be off now.()5.He is out of danger.()6.The news was exciting./They were
9、excited at the news.()7.What surprised me most was that he spoke Chinese so well.()名词代词数词从句形容词/副词介词短语分词1.She lived a happy life.()2.I love you.()3.We need two.()4.Do you mind my opening the door?()5.He began to learn English a year ago.()6.He did not know what to say.()7.Did you write down what she
10、said?()8.She felt it her duty to take good care of them.()名词代词数词动名词不定式疑问词+不定式从句It作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语1.Its a red car.()2.They live in the room above.()3.My brother is a teacher.()4.We belong to the third world.()5.Lucys father is a poor worker.()6.Mother made a birthday cake for me.()7.The man under the
11、tree is my teacher.()8.The swimming boy is my brother./The boy swimming in the river is my brother.()形容词副词代词数词名词所有格名词介词短语现在分词9.I liked the food cooked by my mother./Retired people have a good time at home.()10.There are two things to be discussed today.（）11.Will you tell us about your teaching plan?
12、（）12.This is the very book that I need.（）过去分词不定式动名词从句1.He is often late for class.()2.We saw that picture at the cinema.()3.He sat there smoking.()4.They returned tired and hungry.（）5.They did everything they could to save the boys life.（）6.Although he is young,he knows a lot.()7.The box is so heavy
13、 that I cant lift it.()副词，程度介词短语，地点分词，伴随不定式，目的形容词，状态让步状语从句结果状语从句9.While my wife was reading the newspaper,I was watching TV.（）10.He was angry because we were late(）11.If it rains tomorrow,we wont go out.()时间状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句形容词名词介词短语过去分词现在分词省略掉to的不定式不定式英语句子的种类简单句 (simple sentence)并列句(compound sentenc
14、e)复合句(complex sentence)简单句的五种基本句型基本句型一 主谓（S+V）S+VShe cooks.He is working.What he said does not matter.The pen writes smoothly.SVShecooks.Heis working.What he saiddoes not matter.The pen writes smoothly.基本句型二 主系表S+V+PHe is happy.Every thing looks nice.His face turned red.SVPHeishappy.Everything looks
15、nice.His faceturnedred.基本句型三 主谓宾 S+V+OWe study English everyday.They are playing football.He enjoys reading.She said“Good morning.”SVOWeTheyHeShestudyare playingenjoyssaidEnglish everyday.football.reading.“Good morning.”基本句型四 SV（及物）O（多指人）O（多指物）I give him a book.My mother bought me a pen yesterday.I
16、showed him my picture.SV（及物）（及物）OOIgivehima book.My mother boughtmea pen.Ishowedhimmy picture.基本句型五S+V（及物）+O(宾语)+C（宾补）We must keep the door open.The news makes me happy.We call him Jim.He told me to wash the plates.I saw a thief going into your room.SV（及物）（及物）O(宾语宾语)C（宾补）（宾补）Wemust keepthe dooropen.
17、The newsmakesmehappy.WecallhimJim.Hetoldme to wash the plates.Isawa thiefgoing into your room.按结构英语句子主要可以分成三种：简单句，并列句，复合句 e.g.1)The teachers name is Smith.2)The teachers name is Smith and the students name is John.3)He is Smith who likes going hiking.4)He is Smith and he likes going hiking.5)Hurry u
18、p,or youll be late.6)I saw him when I walked past the street.7)He often gets up early because he wants to catch the early bus.简单句并列句复合句并列句并列句 复合句 复合句 基本句型的扩展:e.g.We found the hall full.我们发现礼堂坐满了。We found the great hall full of students and teachers.我们发现大礼堂坐满了老师和学生。We found the great hall full of stu
19、dents and teachers who were listening to an important report.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。We found the great hall full of students and teachers who were listening to an important report 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位记者作有关东欧目前局势的重要报告。made by a reporter from the Peoples Daily about current affairs in East Europe._ 总结：遇到长句子的翻译不着急，动笔前，仔细阅读原句，确切理解原句内容，抓住中心，搞清楚各部分之间关系，把句子缩小再缩小，缩小到只剩下五个基本句型中的主要成分，先心译，再笔译，心译过程中，要有句子时态规划，名词单复数等盘算，然后再一步步扩大句子，添加修饰成分，直至完整，再笔译。这种方法叫做孙悟空变金箍棒的方法：缩小缩小再缩小，放大放大再放大。
