1、被动语态被动语态动词动词谓语动词谓语动词非谓语非谓语动词动词时态、语态时态、语态虚拟语气虚拟语气不定式不定式动名词动名词分词分词现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词 过去分词的变化过去分词的变化规则变化：规则变化：clean-_-_phone-_-_carry-_-_stop-_-_stoppedcarriedstoppedcarriedphonedphonedcleanedcleaned不规则变化：不规则变化：put-_-_ make-_-_come-_-_ run-_-_do-_-_ grow-_-_putputmademadecamecomediddoneranrungrew grown目录
2、目录v1.什么是被动语态？什么是被动语态？v2.被动语态的基本结构。被动语态的基本结构。v3.如何把主动语态变为被动语态？如何把主动语态变为被动语态？1.学生们把教室打扫了。学生们把教室打扫了。教室被学生们打扫了。教室被学生们打扫了。2.我把一个苹果吃了。我把一个苹果吃了。一个苹果被我吃了。一个苹果被我吃了。3.Tom把他的自行车修好了。把他的自行车修好了。他的自行车被汤姆修好了。他的自行车被汤姆修好了。The students cleaned the classroom.The classroom was cleaned by the students.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语动作发出者动作
3、发出者动作承受者动作承受者主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语动作发出者动作发出者动作承受者动作承受者主动语态：主语是动作的发出者。主动语态：主语是动作的发出者。被动语态：主语是动作的承受着。被动语态：主语是动作的承受着。1.We learnt some new words yesterday.2.Mr.White teaches us English.3.A new school will be built in two months.4.My mother waters the flowers every day.5.My coat was washed by me.6.The dish is coo
4、ked.v1.The students cleaned the classroom.v2.The classroom was cleaned by the students.v3.My mother waters the flowers every day.v4.The flowers are watered every day.v被动语态的基本结构：被动语态的基本结构：be+过去分词过去分词被动语态的常见用途被动语态的常见用途1.-The window was broken.Who did it?-I have bo idea.当不清楚动作发出者时，常用被动语态。当不清楚动作发出者时，常用被
5、动语态。2.China is developing rapidly.The high-speed rails are built all parts of the country.当强调动作承受者时，常用被动语态。当强调动作承受者时，常用被动语态。常见时态主动变被动的步骤常见时态主动变被动的步骤Tom washes his bike on Sundays.His bike is washed by Tom on Sundays.amare常见时态主动变被动的步骤常见时态主动变被动的步骤Tom washes his bike on Sundays.1.找宾语，提前宾语做主语。找宾语，提前宾语做主
6、语。2.确定确定be动词的动词的时态及人称、数时态及人称、数。3.找主语，后置做介找主语，后置做介(by)宾。宾。His bike is washed by Tom on Sundays.amare1.We speak Chinese every day.2.He reads books after school.Chinese is spokenby us every day.Books are read by him after school.一般现在时：一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词过去分词1.More trees _(plant)every year to make our
7、city greener.2.My teachers _(tell)me to work hard.3.I _(tell)to work hard by my teachers.4.In the morning the old _(like)to doexercise.are plantedtellam toldlike1.Last week she bought a fuuny book.2.He lost some cards yesterday.Last week a fuuny book was bought by her.Some cards were lost by him yes
8、terday.一般过去时：一般过去时：was/were+过去分词过去分词1.The last BeiDou navigation satellite(北斗北斗导航卫星导航卫星)_successfully last month.Awas sent up Bsent up Chas sent up2.Gina went to the doctors yesterday and she _ to take medicine on time.Atold Bis toldCwas told Dhas told3.The theater _ to celebrate the Art Festival la
9、st month.Adecorated Bis decoratedCwas decoratedDhas decorated4.In 1958,pinyin _by Chinese linguist(语言学家语言学家)Zhou Youguang and his team.A.designs B.designedC.is designed D.was designed1.I will finish my work tomorrow.2.They will build a new house next month.My work will be finished by me tomorrowA ne
10、w house will be built by them.一般将来时：一般将来时：will be+过去分词过去分词I will finish my work tomorrow.My work will be finished by me tomorrow.I am going to finish my work tomorrow.My work is going to be finished by me.We will learn some new words next week.Some new words will be learnt by us.Some new words are g
11、oing to be learnt by us.1.We have completed the house.The house _ by us.2.He has broken two world records.Two world records _ by him.现在完成时：现在完成时：has been completedhas brokenbeen have/has been 过去分词过去分词1.Our life _(influence)the mobile phone since it _(invite).When you leave the room,make sure the doo
12、r _(lock).3._ a new library _(build)in your school yet?has been influencedwas invitedwill be lockedHasbeen builtTom is making a kite.A kite _ by Tom.They are cutting trees.Trees _ by them.现在进行时：现在进行时：is being madeare being cutam/is/are being 过去分词过去分词1.Why are you late for the meeting?The road to sch
13、ool _(repair)now.2.Is dinner ready,mom?Not yet.The dinner _.is being repairedis being cookedTom was making a kite at that time.A kite _ by Tom at that time.They were sweeping rooms at this time.Rooms _ by them.过去进行时：过去进行时：beingwasmadewere being sweptwas/were being 过去分词过去分词v一般现在时：一般现在时：_+过去分词过去分词v一般现
14、在时：一般现在时：_+过去分词过去分词v一般现在时：一般现在时：_v _v现在进行时：现在进行时：_+过去分词过去分词v过去完成时过去完成时:_+过去分词过去分词v现在完成时：现在完成时：_+过去分词过去分词 am/is/arewas/werewill beam/is/are going to be+过去分词过去分词am/is/are beinghave/has beenwas/were being简单句的基本结构简单句的基本结构1.The moon is light tonight.2.Three years passed quickly.3.They play football at ti
15、mes.4.He sent the boy a toy.5.I asked him to come here.S+V+PS+VS+V+OS+V+DO+IOS+V+O+OC1.The moon is light tonight.系系/半系动词无被动语态。半系动词无被动语态。2.Three years passed quickly.不及物动词无被动语态。不及物动词无被动语态。2.He bought her a book.She was bought a book(by him).A book was bougth for her(by him).二二.复合宾语的被动语态。复合宾语的被动语态。(宾语
16、宾语+宾补宾补)1.We call the boy Tom.The boy is called Tom(by us).2.He made his son happy.His son was made happy(by him).3.We found Tom in his bedroom.Tom was found in his bedroom(by us).4.I hear you singing a nice song.You are heart singing a nice song(by me).注：动词不定式做宾补的特殊情况。注：动词不定式做宾补的特殊情况。1.Mom asks me
17、to leave now.I am asked to leave now(by mom).2.His friend told him to pick up the book.He was told to pick up the book.3.We advised her to give up the chance.She was advised to give up the chance.特殊情况特殊情况1：1.Mom asks me to leave now.I am asked to leave now(by mom).2.He asks me to finish the work.I a
18、m asked to finish the work.He asks the work to be finished.当动词不定式动词为及物动词时，不定式的宾当动词不定式动词为及物动词时，不定式的宾语也可提前变为被动。语也可提前变为被动。1.He wants his father to repair the bike.His father is wanted to repair the bike.He wants the bike to be repaired.2.He asked her to hide the truth.She was asked to hide the truth.He
19、 asked the truth to be hidden.特殊情况特殊情况2：1.I heard Tom telling the story when I met him.Tom was heard telling the story.2.I heard Tom tell the story few dys ago.Tom was heard to tell the stroy few days ago.当省略当省略to的不定式做宾补时，省略的的不定式做宾补时，省略的to要做补充。要做补充。1.Jerry is seen _(play)football with his classmates
20、 sometimes.2.Tom was seen _(walk)out.省略省略to的不定式做宾语表示的不定式做宾语表示经常或已发生经常或已发生的动作。的动作。3.The missing boy was seen _(play)near the river.现在分词作宾补表示现在分词作宾补表示正在发生正在发生的动作。的动作。to playplayingto walk宾语从句的被动语态宾语从句的被动语态People say that there will be a show tonight.People say there will be a show tonight.People say i
21、t.It is said that there will be a show tonight.We believe that practice makes perfcet.We believe practice makes perfcet.We believed it.It is believed that practice makes perfcet.1)It is said that。据说。据说。2)It is believed that。人们相信。人们相信。3)It is reported that。据报道。据报道。4)It is thought that。人们普遍认为。人们普遍认为。主
22、动结构表被动意义主动结构表被动意义1.半系动词后跟形容词，构成的系表结构。半系动词后跟形容词，构成的系表结构。1)The noodles taste delicious.2)The flower smells nice.3)The question proves difficult.2.动词动词need,want,require等动词后跟动名词。等动词后跟动名词。1)我的外套需要洗了。我的外套需要洗了。My coat needs to be washed.My coat needs washing.2)这辆车需要维修了。这辆车需要维修了。The car wants to be repaired
23、.The car wants repairing.1)My coat needs washing.2)The car wants repairing.需要满足以下条件：需要满足以下条件：1.主语常为事物或指事物的代词。主语常为事物或指事物的代词。2.need,want,require意为意为“需要需要”。3.动词后跟动名词。动词后跟动名词。3.及物动词的主动表被动。及物动词的主动表被动。1)这本书买的很好。这本书买的很好。The book sells well.2)这件短裤洗起来很容易。这件短裤洗起来很容易。This shorts wash easily.3)这种事物吃起来很健康。这种事物吃起来很健康。This kind of food eats healthily.The book sells well.This shorts wash easily.当句子满足一下条件，及物动词的主动表被动：当句子满足一下条件，及物动词的主动表被动：The book sells well.主语主语指物指物及物及物动词动词副词副词
