1、3 Vapor refrigeration cycles3.1 One-stage vapor compression systems3.2 Two-stage vapor compression systems3.3 Cascade vapor compression systems3.4 Vapor absorption systems 第三章 蒸汽制冷循环第一节 单级蒸气压缩制冷循环第二节 两级蒸气压缩制冷循环第三节 复叠式制冷循环第四节 蒸气吸收制冷循环3.3 Cascade vapor compression systems 3.3.1 Introduction3.3.2 Desig
2、n type analysis3.3.3 Operation type analysis3.3.4 Auto cascade systems第三节第三节 复叠式制冷循环复叠式制冷循环一、绪论二、设计型分析三、操作型分析四、自复叠制冷循环2/28/202333.3 Cascade vapor compression systems 第三节 复叠式制冷循环 3.3.1 Introduction 一、绪论 Discharge capacity:f(PR)qvsqvt Throttle loss:q0 Q0qmq0 qvtq0/v1 Discharge temperatureReasons:(pKp0
3、);PR(-40)2/28/202343.3 Cascade vapor compression systems 第三节 复叠式制冷循环 3.3.1 Introduction 一、绪论 Freezing point:p0 T0 Ta(with low Tb)Reasons:(pKp0);PR(-70)1 1 a b 2 3 4 4 5 p h TH TL 3.3 Cascade vapor compression systems3.3.1 Introduction3.3.2 Design type analysis3.3.2.1 Close cycles 3.3.2.2 Open cycles
4、 3.3.2.3 Special structure parts3.3.2.4 Thermodynamic calculation第三节第三节 复叠式制冷循环复叠式制冷循环一、绪论二、设计型分析(一)闭式循环(二)开式循环(三)特殊结构部件(四)热力计算2/28/202363.3.2.1 Close cycles(一)闭式循环 3.2.2.1.1 Binary systems 二元复叠R22 cycle:tk=30,t0H-36 pkH=1.2MPa,p0H=0.12MPa PRH=10 One-stage+One-stage(80)R23 cycle:tmL=-30,t0L-80 pkL=1
5、0MPa,p0L=1MPa PRL=10 2/28/202373.3.2.1 Close cycles(一)闭式循环 3.2.2.1.1 Binary systems 二元复叠One-stage+Two-stage(Two-stage+One-stage)(-100)2/28/202383.3.2.1 Close cycles(一)闭式循环 3.2.2.1.2 Multiple systems 多元复叠One-stage+One-stage+One-stage (-100-140)Middle temperature refrigerants:R23、R170、R1150 High tempe
6、rature refrigerants:R134a、R290、R507、R22 Low temperature refrigerants:R14、R50、R7282/28/202393.3.2 Design type analysis 二、设计型分析 3.3.2.2 Open cycles(二)开式循环The production of dry ice(CO2)2/28/2023106 3.3.2 Design type analysis 二、设计型分析 3.3.2.2 Open cycles(二)开式循环x x8 8 q qmo mo/(q/(qmomo+q+qmm)q qmomoq qmm
7、x x8 8/(1-x/(1-x8 8)q qm1 m1=q=qmm+q+qmo mo q qm1m1q qmm /(1-/(1-x x8 8)x x6 6 q qm1 m1/(q/(qm1m1+q+qm1m1)q qm1m1q qmmx x6 6/(1-x/(1-x6 6)(1-x)(1-x8 8)q qm2 m2=q=qm1m1+q+qm1m1 q qm2m2q qmm /(1-x/(1-x6 6)(1-x)(1-x8 8)q qm1m12/28/2023113.3.2 Design type analysis 二、设计型分析 3.3.2.3 Special structure parts
8、(三)特殊结构部件1.Condenser-reboiler 冷凝蒸发器冷凝蒸发器 2.Vapor-liquid recuperator 气气-液回热器液回热器2/28/202312 3.3.2 Design type analysis 二、设计型分析 3.3.2.3 Special structure parts(三)特殊结构部件3.Precooler 预冷器预冷器4.Vapor-vapor recuperator 气气-气回热器气回热器2/28/2023133.3.2 Design type analysis 二、设计型分析 3.3.2.3 Special structure parts(三
9、)特殊结构部件5.Expansion tank 膨胀容器膨胀容器mzmx Vdx、vd?m1 Vp、vx停机前停机前mzmp Vdx、vpm1+m2 Vp、vp停机后停机后2/28/202314Homework_1313.13.有一低温复叠式制冷机,低温系统中(不包括膨胀容器)有一低温复叠式制冷机,低温系统中(不包括膨胀容器)需充注需充注R23R23制冷剂制冷剂2.4kg2.4kg,工作压力为,工作压力为100kPa100kPa。如欲使制冷系。如欲使制冷系统在环境温度为统在环境温度为4040时允许时允许1.0MPa1.0MPa的平衡压力,停机时进入的平衡压力,停机时进入膨胀容器中制冷剂占充注量
10、(包括膨胀容器)的膨胀容器中制冷剂占充注量(包括膨胀容器)的60%60%,试求膨,试求膨胀容器的容积。胀容器的容积。(m2=0.6mz m2=0.6mz)。)。2/28/2023153.3.2 Design type analysis 二、设计型分析 3.3.2.3 Special structure parts(三)特殊结构部件m1+mx=m1+m2+mp=mzm1=Vp/vxmp=Vdx/vp m1+m2=Vp/vppxxdxpxPvvvVvmV)(mzmx Vdx、vd?m1 Vp、vx停机前停机前mzmp Vdx、vpm1+m2 Vp、vp停机后停机后5.Expansion tank
11、膨胀容器膨胀容器2/28/2023163.3.2 Design type analysis 二、设计型分析 3.3.2.4 Thermodynamic calculation(四)热力计算User specified:TH、TL、Q0Designer chosen:TH、TL、Tm ig、id、mg、mdDesign parameters1.Tm 52/28/2023173.3.2 Design type analysis 二、设计型分析 3.3.2.4 Thermodynamic calculation(四)热力计算User specified:TH、TL、Q0Designer chosen
12、:TH、TL、Tm ig、id、mg、mdDesign parameters2.PR ConstTm=(TkTo)0.50.5T+0.125T 2/(TkTo)0.5 (3-77)One-stage+One-stageTwo-stage+Two-stage1.Tm 52/28/2023183.3.2 Design type analysis 二、设计型分析 3.3.2.4 Thermodynamic calculation(四)热力计算Index Low temperature stageHigh temperature stage1Q0Q0LQ0H=QkL+QH2q0q0L=h1-h5q0H
13、=h6-h103w0w0L=h2-h1w0H=h7-h64qmqmL=Q0L/q0LqmH=Q0H/q0H5PPL=qmLw0L/elLPH=qmH w0H/elH6QkQkL=qmLqkL=qmL(h2-h4)QkH=qmHqkH=qmH(h7-h9)7COPCOP=Q0/P=Q0d/(PL+PH)3.3 Cascade vapor compression systems 3.3.1 Introduction3.3.2 Design type analysis3.3.3 Operation type analysis3.3.4 Auto cascade systems第三节第三节 复叠式制冷
14、循环复叠式制冷循环一、绪论二、设计型分析三、操作型分析四、自复叠制冷循环2/28/2023203.3.3 Operation type analysis 三、操作型分析1.Start-up:high temperature stage first(1.6MPa)2.The maximum evaporating temperatureOne-stage+One-stageTwo-stage+One-stageOne-stage+Two-stageT0-80-110-110T0max-60-60-903.3 Cascade vapor compression systems 3.3.1 Intr
15、oduction3.3.2 Design type analysis3.3.3 Operation type analysis3.3.4 Auto-cascade systems第三节第三节 复叠式制冷循环复叠式制冷循环一、绪论二、设计型分析三、操作型分析四、自行复叠制冷循环2/28/2023223.3.4 Auto-cascade compression systems 四、自行复叠制冷循环Classical cascade cyclesAuto cascade cyclesBBdBbxyTzB BBdBbBdBbx xy yTzTzMultiple composition cycles2/
16、28/2023233.3.4 Auto-cascade compression systems 四、自行复叠制冷循环Single composition cyclesNon-azeotropic cyclesAuto cascade cyclesMultiple composition cycles2/28/202324SummaryTemperature rangeCycle typeTL-40One-stage compressionAuto cascade compression-40TL-60Two-stage compression-60TL-80Two-stage compress
17、ion(Small systems)Cascade compression(Large systems)-80TLCascade compression2/28/202325Homework_1313.13.有一低温复叠式制冷机,低温系统中(不包括膨胀容器)有一低温复叠式制冷机,低温系统中(不包括膨胀容器)需充注需充注R23R23制冷剂制冷剂2.4kg2.4kg,工作压力为,工作压力为100kPa100kPa。如欲使制冷系。如欲使制冷系统在环境温度为统在环境温度为4040时允许时允许1.0MPa1.0MPa的平衡压力,停机时进入的平衡压力,停机时进入膨胀容器中制冷剂占充注量(包括膨胀容器)的膨胀容器中制冷剂占充注量(包括膨胀容器)的60%60%,试求膨,试求膨胀容器的容积。胀容器的容积。(m2=0.6mz m2=0.6mz)。)。