1、2023年中考英语一轮复习:人教版八年级下册单词短语句型汇编Unit1 Whats the matter?一.基本词汇:1.matter问题;事情 2. sore 疼痛的;酸痛的3. throat喉咙;咽喉 4. stomachache胃痛;腹痛5.foot脚;足 6. neck 颈;脖子7.stomach .胃;腹部 8. fever 发烧9. lie躺;平躺 10.rest 放松;休息11. cough 咳嗽 12. Xray X .光线13. toothache 牙疼 14. headache 头疼 15. passenger 乘客; 旅客16. trouble 麻烦;苦恼17 . he
2、rself.她自己二基本词组:1.have a stomachache 胃痛 2. have a cold感冒3. lie down躺下 4. take a temperature 量体温5. have a fever 发烧 6. need to do sth需要做某事 7. get off 下车 8. to ones surprise使惊讶的9. agree to do sth同意(做某事) 10 . right away 立刻;马上11 . take a break /breaks 休息 12. wait for 等待13. thanks to 幸亏;由于 14. in time 及时15
3、. think about 考虑 16. get into 陷入17. take risks/take a risk冒险 18. run out of/run out 用完;用尽19. cut off切除 20. get out of离开;从出来21. be in control of 掌管;管理 22. give up放弃三基本句型:1. need to do sth 需要做某事2.see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 3.ask sb sthask sb to do sth 要求某人去做某事4.expect sb to do sth期望某人去做某事5.agree to do
4、 sth 同意某人去做某事6.help sb (to) do sth帮助某人去做某事7.want to do sth 想要做某事8.tell sb to do sth 告诉某人去做某事9.have problem (in)doing sth 在做某事上有困难10.be/get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事11.used to do sth 过去经常做某事12.be used to do sth /be used for doing sth被用来做某事13.use sth to do sth 用某物去做某物14.seem to do sth 似乎要做某事15.keep on
5、doing sth 继续做某事16.mind doing sth 介意做某事17.give up doing sth 放弃做某事Unit2 Il help to clean up the city park.一基本词汇1. cheer 欢呼;喝彩 2. volunteer自愿做;义务做志愿者3. notice 公告牌;通告;布告 4. lonely孤独的;寂寞的5. several几个;数个;一些 6. feeling感觉;感触7. satisfaction满意;满足 8. joy高兴;愉快9. owner物主;主人 10. journey旅行;行程11. sign标志;信号 12. rais
6、e募集;征集13. alone独自;单独二基本词组:1 clean up .打扫干净2. cheer up(使)变得更高兴;振奋起来3. give out分发;散发4. used to 曾经;过去5. put up 张贴;搭建6. put off .推迟7. call up .打电话给8. come up with .想出;提出9. make plans制定计划10. care for 照顾;非常喜欢11. at the age of 在岁时12. decide to do sth决定做某事13. come true 成为现实;实现14. at the same 同时15. fix up 修理
7、;装饰16. give away 赠送;捐赠17. take after(外貌或行为)像18. set up 建起;设立19.make a difference 影响;有作用三重点句型:1.need to do sth 需要做某事2.ask sb (not) to do sth 要求某人(不)做某事3,make plans to do sth /plan to do sth 制定计划做某事4.used to do sth 过去常常做某事5.be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事6.get a feeling of有感觉7.decide to do sth /make a dec
8、ision to do sth决定做某事8.help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人去做某事9.make a difference to 对产生影响10.make it possible for sb to do sth使得做某事对某人来说是可能的11.volunteer sth自愿提供某物 volunteer to do sth自愿做某事12.be similar to与相似 Unit3 Could you please clean your room?一基本词汇:1.rubbish垃圾:废弃物 2.fold折叠;对折3.sweep 扫;打扫 4.floor 地板5.mess 杂乱;
9、不整洁 6.throw扔;掷7.neither也不 8.shirt 衬衫9.pass 给;递;走过;通过 10.borrow借;借用11.lend 借给;借出 12.finger手指13.hate厌恶;讨厌 14.while与同时;当的时候二基本词汇:1.do the dishes洗餐具2.take out rubbish倒垃圾3.go out 出去4.stay out呆在外面5.at least至少6.throw down扔下7.in surprise惊讶地8.as soon as一就9.in order to为了;目的是10.take care of照顾11.get into进入12.as
10、 a result结果13.fold the clothes叠衣服14.sweep the floor扫地15.depend on 依靠;信赖16.make the bed整理床铺17.all the time 频繁;反复;一直18.finish doing sth完成做某事19.takefor a walk带去散步20.all day 一整天21.all night 一整晚三重点句型:1.finish doing sth完成做某事2.want sb to do sth想让某人做某事want to do sth想要做某事 want sth想要某物3.would like sb to do st
11、h想让某人做某事would like to do sth想要做某事 would like sth想要某物4.try (not )to do sth尽力(不)去做某事5.let sb do sth让某人去做某事6.spend some time in doing sth花费时间去做某事7.mind doing sth介意做某事8.learn to do sth学会做某事9.learn how to do sth学着怎样去做某事10.the+比较级, the +比较级越,就越11.help sb with sth 在某方面帮助某人 help sb (to)do sth 帮助某人做某事 cant h
12、elp doing sth 禁不住做某事 ask for help 求助12.provide sb with sth供应某人某物 provide sth for sb为某人提供某物13.offer sb sth =offer sth to sb向某人提供某物offer to do sth主动提出做某事14.neithernor既不也不eitheror或者或者 这两个连接两个并列的主语时,就近原则Unit 4 Why dont you talk to your parents?一基本词汇1.allow允许;准许 2.wrong错误的;有毛病的3.guess猜测;估计 4.deal协议;交易5.r
13、elatio关系;联系 6.Communication/communicate交流;沟通7.argue争吵;争论 8.cloud云;云朵9.elder年纪较长的 10.instead代替;反而11.whatever任何;每一 12.nervous焦虑的;担忧的13.offer主动提出;自愿给予 14.proper合适的;正确的15.secondly其次;第二 16.clear清楚易懂的17.copy复制;复印 18.return归还;回来二基本词组:1. too many修饰可数名词的复数too much修饰不可数名词或者修饰动词much too修饰形容词或副词2.hang out闲逛3.ge
14、t into a fight争吵4.go to sleep去睡觉5.call sb (up)给某人打电话6.be good at =do well in擅长7.talk about 谈论 talk to /with sb与某人交谈8.on the phone在电话中9.look through浏览;翻阅;仔细检查10.give back =return归还11.be angry with sb生某人的气12.a big deal重要的事13.no problem没问题14.work out解决;算出15.get on with sb=get along with sb与某人和睦相处;与某人关系
15、好16.feel lonely感到孤独 live alone独自居住municate with sb与某人交流18.in future今后;从今以后19.next time下次20.make friends交朋友 make friends with sb与某人交朋友21.be worried about =worry about担心22.be afraid of sth /doing sth害怕做某事 be afraid to do sth不敢做某事23.in front of在外部的前面 in the front of在内部的前面notany more 不再(数量和程度) notany lo
16、nger不再(时间和距离)24.play sports做运动pete with sb与某人竞争26.have lessons上课 27.cut off删除;删去parewith把什么和什么作比较 compareto把什么比做什么29.agree with sb同意某人 agree to do sth同意去做某事30.in ones opinion依看31.turn on打开 turn off关掉 turn up调大 turn down调小三基本句型:1.why dont you do sth =why not do sth为什么不做某事2.want to do sth =would like
17、to do sth想要做某事want sb to do sth =would like sb to do sth想要某人去做某事want sth =would like sth想要某物3.find sb doing sth发现某人正在做某事 find sb do sth发现某人做过某事4.tell sb to do sth告诉某人去做某事5.refuse to do sth拒绝做某事6.offer to do sth主动去做某事 offer sb sth=offer sth to sb提供给某人某事7.provide sb with sth =provide sth for sb为某人提供某物
18、8.mind sb doing sth介意某人做某事9.keep on doing sth继续做某事10.its time for sth/doing sth该做某事了its time to do sth该到做某事的时间11.its+adj+ for sb/of sb to do sth做某事是的12.what do you think of=how do you like你认为什么怎么样13.allow to do sth允许去做某事allow sth/doing sth允许某事/允许做某事allow sb (not) to do sth允许某人(不)做某事Unit5 What were y
19、ou doing when the rainstorm came?一基本词汇:1.alarm闹钟 2.begin开始3.suddenly突然;忽然 4.strange奇怪的;奇特的5.storm暴风雨 6.report报道7.area地区 8.wind风9.light光;光线;光亮 10.wood木头11.window 窗;窗户 12.match 火柴13.beat 敲打 14.heavily在很大程度上;大量地15.against倚;碰;撞 16.asleep 睡着17.rise 增加;提高二基本词组:1.go off (闹钟)发出响声2.pick up 接电话3.fall asleep 进
20、入梦乡4.die down 逐渐变弱5.breakapart把拆开 分开6.have a look 看一看7.make ones way前往8.in silence 沉默;无声9.take down 拆除;记下10.at first 最初;首先11.have trouble doing sth做某事有困难12.wait for 等候13.get to/arrive in/at reach到达14.tell the truth 说实话15.feel like 感觉起来像16.because of 因为三基本句型:1.try to do sth尽力做某事try doing sth 尝试做某事2.b
21、e against doing sth反对做某事3.have fun doing sth开心地做某事4.have difficulty(in)doing sth /have trouble (in)doing sth/have problem (in)doing sth做某事有困难5.be busy doing sth忙于做某事Unit6 An old man tried to move the mountain. 核心短语1,a little bit 一点儿 2,instead of 代替3,turninto 把 变成 4, be able to 能够5,once upon a time 以
22、前 6,fall in love with 爱上 7,get married结婚 8,all over the world 全世界9,lead sb. to 把某人带到 10, come back 回来 要点梳理1, remind 及物动词,意为:“提醒,使想起”,常用结构为remind sb. + that 从句“提醒某人”She wanted to remind us that we should protect the environment by showing us the beauty of nature.她想通过展示自然之美来提醒我们应该保护环境。拓展:remind 的不同搭配(
23、1) remind sb. to do sth .提醒某人去做某事 My English teacher always reminds me to study hard at English every day.(2) remind sb. of sth 使某人想起某事 It reminds me of my best friend.它使我想起我最好的朋友。1, turninto意为“将变成”The magician turned his hat into a bird.魔术师把他的帽子变成了一只鸟。2, marry 当“结婚”讲时,为不及物动词,一般用get married或be marri
24、ed 来表示结婚这件事。My best friend got married last weekend.我最好的朋友上个周末结婚了。3, cheat动词,意为“欺骗,蒙骗,作弊”,常用短语为:cheat sb.意为“欺骗某人”;cheat sb.of sth意为“骗取某人的某物”。They cheated the old woman of her house and money.他们骗取了老妇人的房屋和钱财。4, lead 意为“带路,领路”,过去式为led,常用的短语为lead sb.to someplace,意为“令某人到某地”I led Linda to my school yester
25、day.昨天我带琳达去我的学校。Unit 7 Whats the highest mountain in the world?核心短语:1,any other任何一个 2, as far as I know 就我所知3,take in 吸入,吞入体内 4,risk ones life 冒生命危险 5,in the face of 面对 6,even though 即使,虽然7, at birth出生时 8, up to 到达9,fall over 跌倒 10,die from 死于11,protectfrom保护免受要点梳理:1, 数词+meters(kilometers)+long(long
26、/tall/wide/deep/thick/heavy.),是英语中表示计量的方法,期中表示人,树的高度用tall.2, population意为“人口”,为不可数名词,在表示人口“多”“少”时,用large 和small修饰。特指某一地区或某一国家的“人口”时,其前常加定冠词the。Population作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式,但如果有分数或者百分数等修饰时谓语动词常用复数形式。问某地人口有多少常用Whats the population of?3, Succeed为动词,意为“成功”。常见搭配:succeed in doing sth.“成功做某事”。4, Weigh是动词,意为“重
27、量是,称的重量。”weigh many times more than意为“比重很多倍,”time在此表示倍数。5, birth是名词,意为“出生,生育。”常用短语:at birth 意为“出生时”,give birth to意为“生,引产”,date of birth 意为“出生日期。”6, Protect是及物动词,意为“保护,保卫”;protcction是名词,意为“保护”,常用短语:protectfrom意为“保护免受”重点语法形容词和副词的比较级大多数的形容词和副词都有比较等级的变化,即原级,比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级变化。(一) 比较等级的构成形容词和副词的比较级和最高级有
28、规则变化和不规则变化两种。1, 规则变化情况构成方式原级比较级最高级一般情况加er或estnewfast newerfaster newest fastest以e结尾的词加r或stfinelate finer laterfinestlatest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词变y为i,加er或est early happyearlierhappier earliest happiest以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词双写该辅音字母再加er或esthotthinhotterthinner hotter hottest多音节词和部分双音节词在其前面加more或mostimportantdif
29、ficultmore importantmore difficult most importantmost difficult2,不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbest bad/badly/illworseworst many/muchmoremost littlelessleastfarfarther/ furtherfarthest/ furthest oldolder/elderoldest/eldest(二) 比较级的用法1, 原级的用法(1) 肯定句中常用as+形容词和副词原级+as的结构My sister is as tall as yours. 我的妹妹
30、和你妹妹一样高。(2) 在否定结构中既可以用asas的结构,也可以用soas的结构。 He cannot run so/as fast as you.他没你跑的快。2, 比较级的用法(1) 比较级用于两者的比较,其结构为:含有形容词和副词比较级的主句+than引导的从句(从句中常省去和主句相同的部分),表示一方超过一方或低于另一方的情况。(2) 比较级+and+比较级:表示事物本身程度的逐渐增长,意为“越来越.”Unit8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?核心短语1,full of 满是 2,hurry up 赶快 3,science fiction 科幻小
31、说 4,grow up 长大 5,fight over 为而争辩 6 ,come to realize 逐渐意识到7,ever since自从 8,belong to 属于 9,each other 彼此 10,one another互相要点梳理1, 辨析:yet 与 already用法:yet多用于否定句和疑问句,通常位于句尾。e,g:I havent found my ruler.我还没找到我的尺子。already多用于肯定句,用于疑问句时表示惊讶,出乎意料。2, hurry 用作不及物动词,意为“匆忙,赶快”,常用短语hurry up(赶快,急忙)以及hurry to do sth(匆匆
32、、赶紧做某事)。After breakfast, Alice hurried to go to school.早饭后,爱丽斯匆匆忙忙上学去了。3, due是形容词,意为“预定,预期”,其后常跟表示时间和日期的词或短语。e,g The homework is due next Monday. 作业下周一要交。4,ever since用作连词,意为“自从”,相当于since ,ever起强调作用,后跟表示时间点的单词,短语或句子(一般过去时),主句常用现在完成时。I have known him ever since he was a child.自从他是个孩子起,我就认识他。5,belong t
33、o 意为“属于”,期中to是介词,后接名词或代词作宾语。一般不用于进行时以及被动语态。The future belongs to you.未来属于你们。The Porsche belongs to the woman next door.这辆保时捷属于隔壁的那个女人。5, million为数词,意为:百万,当和其他数词连用表示具体数时,不加s. million和of连用,表笼统数时,必须加s,即millions of, 意为“数以万计的”。two million books两百万本书e.g Millions of people in the world are sending and rece
34、iving e-mails every day. 世界上数百万的人每天都在接发电子邮件。6, introduce在句中做及物动词,意为介绍,introduce sb.to sb把某人介绍给某人。e.g Please allow me to introduce my friend Miss Wood to you.请允许我向你介绍我的朋友武德小姐。重点语法:现在完成时(一)1, 现在完成时的用法(1) 表示过去已经发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与already,ever, before, just, yet,never等词连用。(2) 表示过去已经开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态
35、,可以和表示延续的时间状语如(for+一段时间,since +时间点等词)连用,此时的谓语动词多是延续性动词,但在否定结构中可使用非延续性动词。2, 现在完成时的结构:(1)肯定句式:主语+助动词 have/has+过去分词+其他成分(2)否定句式:主语+havent/hasnt+过去分词+其他成分(3)疑问句式:把助动词have/has提前。一般疑问句的肯定回答用:Yes,主语+have/has. 否定回答用:No, 主语+havent/hasnt.有时可用No, not yet.或No, never.3, 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别(1)现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或
36、结果,强调的是“现在的情况”,不能和过去的时间状语连用。(2)一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事,存在的状态或经常发生的动作。强调的是“过去”的情况,常和过去的时间状语(yesterday,last year, three years ago等)连用。Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum?核心短语:1,the amusement park 游乐场 2,somewhere different 某个不同的地方3,in such a rapid way用如此快捷的方式4,make tea沏茶5,thousands of 数以千计的6,on the one han
37、don the other hand 一方面. 另一方面7,three quarters of 四分之三8,all year round 全年9,whetheror 不管还是10,during the daytime在白天11,close to 靠近12,far from离远要点梳理1, have been to +地方,意为“曾经去过某地”,现在已经不在那里了,常和just,never,ever等词连用,后也可接次数,如once ,twice, three times等,表示去过某地几次。e.g I have been to Mount Huang three times.我去过黄山三次。2
38、, neither用作副词,意为“也不”,表示否定的陈述同样适用于其他的人或物,如:Me neither(Neither have I).置于句首时,主语要放在助动词,系动词或情态动词之后。Kate hasnt finished her book report yet.Neither have I.拓展neither的用法小结:(1)用作形容词,意为两者都不,置于单数名词之前,谓语动词常用单数。 e.g Neither answer is right.(2)用作代词,意为“两者都不”,可以单独使用,也常和of连用,neither of 做主语时,谓语动词常用单数。 e.g I like nei
39、ther of them.两个我都不喜欢。(3)常用于短语“neithernor”连接并列成分,意为“既不也不,当连接并列主语时谓语的形式常遵循就近原则。 e,g The street is neither quiet nor clean.这条街道既不安静也不干净。3,encourage意为“鼓励”,是及物动词,常用短语:encourage sb. to do sth 鼓励某人做某事My mother often encourage me to wash my own clothes.4,(1)thousand意为“千”,当和其他数词连用表示具体数字时不加s, two thousand stu
40、dents两千名学生(2)thousand和of 连用表示笼统数时必须加s,构成thousand s of,意为数以千计的,许许多多的。5,fear 用作及物动词,意为害怕,惧怕,后可跟that引导的宾语从句。Some students fear that they cant learn English well.一些学生害怕学不好英语。拓展fear的不同搭配(1) fear to do sth 害怕做某事e.g The girl fears to go out at night. 这个女孩害怕晚上出门。(2) fear for sb./sth 为担心,为焦虑e.g The police fear for the lost children.警察为丢失的孩子们担忧。6,whether用作连词,意为“不管还是,或者.或者常用结构为:whether