1、动词（情态动词与系动词）动词分类：从其含义来分，动词可分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词、助动词一、 定义系动词也叫连系动词，作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。二、 考点系动词考点 感官系动词：主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, look如： This kind of cloth feels very soft. This flower smells very sweet. 变化系动词：这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, ge
2、t, go. He became mad after that. She grew rich within a short time. 易错点： 感官动词接形容词作表语 感官动词无被动语态，无进行时 学生在写作中，常犯如下错误：一个句子中既出现系动词又出现实义动词，或be动词跟实义动词在一起。应对方法：am/ is / are后要么出现doing的形式，要么出现done的形式。 am; is; are的原形为系动词be。情态动词考点考点一：must 的否定回答用neednt 或者dont have to考点二：may 的否定回答用mustnt考点三：情态动词 + have + 过去分词must
3、 + have+过去分词，表示现在对过去事物的推测。 如：He must have told my parents about it.他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了。 could+ have+过去分词：用在肯定句中表示本能做却没有做。 如：He could have finished his homework now.他现在本应把作业写。should have done sth.本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示“不该做某事而做了”。如：You should have been more careful in this experiment.考点四：must 表示肯定推测；cant 表
4、示否定推测考点五：need 既可以做情态动词又可以做实义动词。实义动词 need 的用法： need sth. need to do need doing = need to be done 主动表被动 neednt + have+过去分词表示过去做了没必要做的事情。如：You neednt have taken it seriously. 这件事情你不必太认真。 注意： need 否定为 doesnt / dont need to do; neednt考点六：had better do sth表示“最好”had better 相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形，它后面要跟动词原形。如：It is
5、 pretty cold. Youd better put on my coat.Shed better not play with the dog.注意：had better do sth.- had better not do sth.考点七：would rather表示“宁愿”would rather do 宁愿，宁可would rather not do 宁愿不做would rather do A than.do B.宁愿而不愿三、动词难点与易错点难点一：be used to doing sth.; used to do sth.; be used to do sth be used
6、to doing sth 表示习惯做某事，to 后面动词用-ing形式；used to do sth 表示常常做某事。如： Im used to getting up early. 我习惯早期 I used to get up at six in the morning.我过去经常在早上六点起床。 Pens are used to write 钢笔被用来写字。 易错点：这条河过去很脏。The river used to be dirty, 很多考生误写为：The river used to dirty.(少写系动词be的形式)难点二：arrive; get 和 reach 表示“到达”时的区别
7、 arrive in +大地点，arrive at+ 小地点，get to + 地点名词，reach 是及物动词，后边直接跟地点名词。 We arrived at the village at five in the afternoon. 我们下午五点到达那个小村庄。 When did you arrive in Beijing? 你们是何时到北京的啊？ How do you usually get to school? 你通常怎么到学校？ When she reached the office, the teacher was having a short rest. 当她到达办公室时，老师
8、正在休息。 注意：1. home; there; here, abroad, upstairs, downstairs 等做副词前面没有任何的介词。如： get home/ there/here2. reach “够得着某物:”的含义难点三：borrow; lend; keep borrow 和 lend 都是终止性动词，borrow表示 “借入”， 备注：常用短语 borrow sth. from sb; lend 表示“借出”，常用短语lend sth to sb. Keep 为持续性动词 “保存；借”，表示“长时间地借”。例： I borrowed a book from the sch
9、ool library yesterday. 昨天我从校图书馆借了一本书。 Could you lend your pen to me?你能把你的钢笔借给我吗？ How long can we keep the book? 我们能借这本书多久？难点四：dress; put on ; weardress sb. 给某人穿衣服；dress sb up 打扮某人；put on “穿上，戴上”，表动作；wear“穿着，戴着”，表状态，与“be in”同义。例： The boy dressed himself quickly. 男孩快速地穿上衣服。 Mother dressed her baby in
10、a red shirt. 母亲给婴儿穿上红裙子。 The lady dressed herself up and went to the party. 这位女士穿上盛装去参加聚会了。 Jim put on his coat and went out. 吉姆穿上大衣出去了。难点五：see; look; watch; read see “看见”表结果，look“看”表动作，不及物动词，后面需要加at才能接宾语；watch“看电视、比赛等”；read“看书”表示阅读。例： I can an apple on the table. I want to the film with you. , ther
11、e is a kite flying in the sky. Please the blackboard carefully.难点六：sound; hear; listen to listen to+名词，表示“听”，强调听的过程； hear+名词，表示“听到”，强调听到的结果； sound+形容词，表示“听起来”，强调听的效果。例： listen to the radio听广播 hear your voice听到你的声音 The story sounds interesting.这个故事听起来很有趣。难点七：bring; take; carry ; fetch bring“带来，拿来”，表示
12、“拿到靠近说话者的地方”； take“拿走，带走”，表示“拿到远离说话人的地方”； carry “扛，搬”，用力移动，没有方向性； fetch“去取，去拿”表示往返拿物。例： Please the books to the classroom. Remember to your homework to school tomorrow. The bag is very heavy. Please it to my office. Dont worry. I can the key.难点八：die; dead; death; dying die“死”，是不及物动词。非延续性动词。 dead “死的
13、”，是形容词，表状态； death“死”是名词； dying“垂死的，要死的”是形容词。例： Her grandfather died last year.她的祖父去年死了。 Her grandfather has been dead for two years. 她的祖父死了两年了。 His death was a great loss to China. 他的死对中国来说是个极大的损失。 The poor old man was dying.那个可怜的老人快死了。难点九：speak; say; talk; tell speak 作及物动词时表示语言的名词或指在会议上发言； say常跟直接引
14、语或者间接引语，并且表示说的内容； talk是不及物动词，常跟介词to 和with 表示“同某人说话”，也表示具有说话能力； tell“告诉”常与story连用，意为“讲故事”。例： I can speak not only English, but also Chinese. Its bad for little girls to tell lies. What did the president say yesterday? Im hungry and I dont want to talk with you. 难点十：spend; cost; take; pay spend花费时间和金钱
15、，后接on sth.或者（in）doing sth; cost 物做主语，意为“值多少钱”； take 固定句型：It takes 时间to do sth; pay 与介词 for连用。例： My mother always spends much money buying fashionable clothes. That beautiful dress cost me about 1,000 yuan. I neednt pay so much for the bill. It took me about two hours to finish my English homework th
16、e day before yesterday. 难点十一：look for; find 前者强调找的过程，后者强调找的结果。例 I tried my best to look for him in the forest, but I didnt find him. listen to 和 hear 都有“听”的意思。 前者是不及物动词，与to固定搭配，强调听的动作；hear强调听的结果。注意： 动词与副词组成的词组，代词做宾语时放在中间。常见的动词+副词的词组有：put up put down put on put away put off turn up turn down turn on
17、turn off pick up take off give up give back think over 四、动词真题练习1. You _ return the book now. You can keep it till next week.A. should B. mustnt C. neednt D. may2. You _ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.（西城实验考试）A. cannotB. shouldC. mustD. neednt3.Always the old lady
18、 _ sit for hours doing nothing at all.（二中考试）A. was used toB. wouldC. used toD. should4.There used to be a small school,_?A. was thereB. wasnt itC. usednt thereD. usednt it5.Im surprised that he _ in the match.A. should failB. should have failedC. would have failedD. may have failed6.Four hundred dol
19、lars for a pair of shoes, you _ be joking! A. mayB. canC. needD. must7.I can hardly _the difference between two words.（十一考试）A. sayB. speakC. tell D. point8.Its hard _a job.A. to look for B. to findC. to find outD. to look after用适当的系动词填空1. Mr. Wang very angry. 王先生好像很生气。2. This kind of cloth soft. 这种布料摸起来很柔软。3. The flower sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。4. Now my dream true. 现在我们的梦想实现了。5. You must healthy. 你必须保持健康。6. Her face red. 她的脸红了。7. He wants a doctor. 他想成为一名医生。
