1、英语（二）自学教程 by ZZLUnit 7Inner Voice TEXT A Your Inner VoiceTEXT BMake a Good First ImpressionYour Inner Voice你内心的声音1.My day started just like all the other days for the past 15 years where（AC）I get up,make some coffee,（take/have a）shower,get dressed and leave for the train station at precisely准确地；恰好地
2、7:35 A.M.to arrive at work by 8:30.While on the train I would always choose a seat away from the crowd so（ACR）I can read the newspaper in peace and quiet.At work I am always being bombarded炮轰；攻击（大肆抨击；连珠炮似地质问）with questions from coworkers,suppliers,telephone and then those dreaded令人害怕的；可怕的 meetings,s
3、o the last thing（）I need is some stranger to sit beside me and make small talk.我的一天又开始了，就像过去15年中的每一天一样，起床，煮咖啡，沐浴，穿衣服，在7点35分准时赶到火车站搭乘火车以便在8点30分之前到达工作地点。在火车上，我总是选择远离人群的座位以便我能平静地读报纸。工作中，我要无休止地应对同事、供应商提出的各种问题，电话总是响个不停，还有那些令人恐惧的会议，所以我最不想做的事就是和坐在身边的陌生人闲聊。where引导定语从句，先行词为days。make coffee冲咖啡，煮咖啡get dressed穿
4、好衣服leave for 动身去bombard sb.with questions 不断向某人提问the last thing最不的事情/the thing I dislike most我最不喜欢做的事He is the last person I want to work with.Lying is the last thing hell do.1.inner adj.内心的；隐藏的【词语用法】adj.in-nerout-er的基本意思是“内部的,里面的”;引申可指感受、想法、情感等“存在于内心的”“未表达出来的”。inner在句中常用作定语,不用于比较等级。I no longer felt
5、 the inner restraint.我再也不感到内心的压抑了。I could not guess what his inner thought might be.我真猜不出他的内心想法。【词汇搭配】inner city市中心区 inner circle核心集团 Inner Mongolia内蒙古 inner child心灵产物 Inner light灵光2.precisely adv.准确地；恰好地It was precisely like the point of a pin.精确地说它不过象个针尖那么大。That answers precisely to our need.那恰好符合
6、我们的需要。3.bombard v.炮轰；攻击（大肆抨击；连珠炮似地质问）4.dreaded adj.令人害怕的；可怕的5.small talk n.寒喧；闲谈；聊天2.I dont know why but for some reason when I got on the train today it was unusually full,something（）I dont recall ever happening in the past（独立主格）.With hesitation犹豫 I sat down in the only seat available可利用的 beside a
7、middle-aged man that had his head down and seemed to be lost in his thoughts陷入沉思.I was glad that he didnt notice when I sat next to him as he just continued to look down towards the floor.那天我搭乘火车时，不知道出于什么原因火车上异常拥挤，这是过去不曾发生过的。犹豫中，我在唯一的一个空位上坐了下来，旁边坐着一个中年男子，他低着头，好像陷入了沉思。我很高兴他没注意到我坐在他身边，他也只是继续低头看着地板。6.h
8、esitation n.犹豫hesitant；hesitancy；hesitationThere is no room for hesitation.没有犹豫的余地。After some hesitation he came out with the truth.他经过一番踌躇之后，把真相说了出来。hesitate vi.犹豫；不情愿；口吃【词语用法】v.(动词)hesitate的基本意思是“犹豫”“踌躇”,指在决定说做或选择某事前的暂停或其他犹豫不决的表现,也可译为“停了一会”“停顿”或“说话吞吞吐吐”,引申可表示“不情愿”。hesitate是不及物动词,其后接about,at或in,表示对
9、某事犹豫不决；后接between,再接由and连接的并列结构,表示在两者间犹豫不决。He hesitated at nothing.他对任何事都毫不犹豫。He hesitated about what to do next.他对下一步做什么犹豫不决。hesitate作“不情愿”解时,可接动词不定式。hesitate to do与hesitate about doing这两种表达方式结构不同，但是意思一样。She seems to hesitate to answer.She seems to hesitate about answering.3.Shortly after the train
10、left for my 30-minute ride downtown I found myself wondering想知道；想弄明白；琢磨 what this man was thinking about.What could be so important that he didnt even see me sit next to him?I tried to forget about it and started to read my paper.However,for some strange reason this inner voice kept prompting促使；导致；激
11、起 me to talk to this man.I tried to ignore the voice，as there was no way()I was starting a conversation with a complete（用以强调）完全的；彻底的 stranger.没多久，火车就沿着我去市区的方向已行驶了30分钟，我发现自己开始好奇这个男子在思考什么。是什么如此重要以至于他甚至没看见我坐在他身旁?我试图忘掉这件事，并开始阅读我的报纸。然而，出于某些奇怪的原因，内心的声音不断呼唤我跟这个人交谈。我试图忽略这个声音，因为与一个完全陌生的人攀谈不是那么容易的事情。Shortly a
12、fter the train left for my 30-minute ride downtown I found myself wondering what this man was thinking about.find在这里接现在分词短语作宾补，还可接过去分词作宾补。When he came to,he found himself lying in hospital.The man found himself surrounded by half a dozen boys.However,for some strange reason this inner voice kept pro
13、mpting me to talk to this man.(1)keep doing sth.(2)prompt sb.to do sth.促使某人做某事，督促某人做某事I tried to ignore the voice as there was no way I was starting a conversation with a complete stranger.(1)ignore：pay no attention to on purpose(2)there is no way 没有办法7.wonder v.想知道；想弄明白；琢磨 n.奇迹【常见错误】v.(动词)误 I dont
14、wonder about her refusing to marry him.正 I dont wonder at her refusing to marry him.她拒绝和他结婚,我不感到惊奇。析 表示“对感到惊奇”,否定句中应该说wonder at.。误 I shouldnt wonder if it didnt snow.正 I shouldnt wonder if it snowed.我猜到天会下雪。析 shouldnt wonder有双重否定的意思,因此if从句不能用否定式。【常见错误】n.(名词)误 Books are filled with much wonder.正 Book
15、s are filled with many wonders.书中充满了新奇的事物。析 wonder作“新奇的事物”“奇迹”“奇景”解时是可数名词。这种新药奇迹般地治好了我的头痛。误 This new medicine has made wonders for my headache.正 This new medicine has done wonders for my headache.正 This new medicine has worked wonders for my headache.析 表达“创造奇迹”可以说do wonders 或work wonders,但不能说make wo
16、nders。误 Its the wonder that he is still alive.正 Its a wonder that he is still alive.真奇怪,他竟然还活着。析 表达“真奇怪”“真令人惊奇”可以用 Its a wonder that.,不可以把冠词a换成定冠词the。【常见错误】n.(名词)难怪他不想走。误 There is no wonder that he didnt want to go.正 Its no wonder that he didnt want to go.正 No wonder that he didnt want to go.析 表示“难怪
17、”的含义用Its no wonder that.或No wonder that.的句型,不可以说There is no wonder that.。8.prompt v.促使；导致；激起【词语用法】v.(动词)prompt用作动词时可作“促使”“激励”“唤起”“驱使”解,可接名词或代词作宾语,也可接以动词不定式或“to be+adj.”充当补足语的复合宾语。prompt也可作“提示台词给人”“提示”解,可用于被动结构。plete adj.（用以强调）完全的，彻底的4.As you probably guessed I eventually broke down失败 and came up wit
18、h找到答案 an excuse to ask him a question.When he raised his head and turned his eyes towards me I could see that he must have been really upset难过的；不高兴的；沮丧的 as he had red eyes and still had some tears rolling（使）翻滚，滚动 down the side of his face despite即使；尽管 his feeble无效的；无力的 attempt企图；试图；尝试 to wipe（用布、手）擦
19、干净，抹掉 them away.I cant describe the sadness（）I felt seeing someone in so much pain.正如您可能猜到的，我最终被内心的声音所打败，想出了一个问他问题的借口。当他抬起头，把视线转向我时，我能看出他一定真的很难过，因为他眼睛红肿，尽管他无力地想要擦拭泪水，但还是会有泪水顺着脸颊流下来。我无法形容看着一个人陷于如此悲痛时所感受到的悲伤。As you probably guessed I eventually broke down and came up with an excuse to ask him a questi
20、on.break down 出故障；分解；失败；垮掉come up with 提出；想出区分：come down with 病倒，染上I cant describe the sadness I felt seeing someone in so much pain.seeing someone in so much pain 作状语，表示原因。这句话相当于Seeing someone in so much pain I felt very sad,and I couldnt describe the sadness.10.upset adj.难过的；不高兴的；沮丧的upset sb atabo
21、ut,over sth/v-ing为而难过/生气 be sad or angry for sthShe was upset with me about my expense.她因为我的花费而对我生气。He was horribly upset over her illness.他为她的病情而忧心忡忡。She is really upset over not finding a job.她找不到工作很不高兴。He was upset at not being welcomed.他因不受人欢迎而生气。11.roll v.（使）翻滚，滚动【T100V】【词语用法】v.(动词)n.(名词)roll的基
22、本意思是“滚动”,指一个物体(如圆柱体)在另一物体接触面上不断移动;引申可表示“卷”“把卷成筒状”“碾平”等;在非正式英语中,可指岁月“流逝”,时间不知不觉地“度过”等。roll既可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时,接名词、代词作宾语,也可接双宾语,其间接宾语可以转化成介词for的宾语,有时还可接由形容词充当补足语的复合宾语。roll是可数名词,基本意思是“卷状物”,指成卷状的物品。引申可指“打滚,滚动”“摇晃”,还可指“名册”。12.despite prep.即使；尽管despite/in spite of that fact that 13.feeble adj.无效的；无
23、力的【词语用法】adj.(形容词)feeble的基本意思是“虚弱的,衰弱的,无力的”;用于论据、借口、反抗等抽象意义时意为“无效的,无益的”,此时常含贬义。【词义辨析】adj.(形容词)feeble,infirm,weak“弱的”weak用于修饰人、人的身体及其各部分器官,为最普通用语;feeble多指体格、脉搏、声音等“虚弱的,无力气的”,语气较weak强且庄重。infirm特指因年老而衰弱。Her pulse was very feeble.她的脉搏很微弱。My grandpa is infirm with age.我祖父年老体衰。14.attempt n./v.企图；试图；尝试attem
24、pted【常见错误】n.(名词)误 Any attempt leaving early is against regulations.正 Any attempt to leave early is against regulations.提前离开的企图是违反规章的。析 attempt后面的同位语修饰语只能是动词不定式,不能是动名词。15.wipe v.（用布、手等）擦干净，抹掉【T200V】【常见错误】v.(动词)请把盘子擦干。误 Please wipe the dishes dryly.正 Please wipe the dishes dry.析 表示“把擦干”可以用“wipe+sth+ad
25、j.”结构,这里dry是宾语dishes的补语,表示动词wipe的动作发生后宾语dishes的变化,形容词dry不可用副词dryly代替。她擦去桌面上的灰尘。误 She wiped the dust out of the tabletop.正 She wiped the dust off the tabletop.析 out of表示“向外的动作”,off才表示“脱离的动作”。5.We talked for about 20 minutes and in the end he seemed to be doing better.As we were leaving the train he t
26、hanked me profusely 多次 极力for being an angel by taking the time to talk.I never did（ES）find out what was making his heart so heavy with pain but was glad（）I listened to the voice that day.我们谈了大约20分钟，最后他看上去好了很多。当我们下火车时他极力感谢我，说我就像一个愿意花时间与他谈话的天使。虽然我始终没找出是什么使他的心如此沉重而满怀痛苦，但我很高兴那一天我听从自己内心的声音。As we were lea
27、ving the train he thanked me profusely for being an angel by taking the time to talk.by taking the time to talk作状语修饰being an angel。I never did find out what was making his heart so heavy with pain but was glad I listened to the voice that day.heavy with pain中with表示原因，类似的短语还有：be wet with sweatbe brea
28、thless/out of breath with excitementshake with laughtertremble with cold/anger16.profusely prfjusli adv.大量地；连连地;不吝啬地，慷慨地Water was jetting profusely from the pipe.水从管子里汩汩喷出。6.Several weeks had passed when I noticed an envelope on my desk after returning from lunch.It was not addressed致函 to anyone and
29、 only had the word angel written on it.My receptionist接待员 attached把.固定，把.附（在.上）a note saying a gentleman dropped it off saying（）he did not know my name but had described me well enough that the receptionist knew（）it was for me.When I read the note inside the envelope I was so filled with emotions强烈的
30、感情；情感；情绪 that I couldnt contain myself.It was a letter from the man（）I met on the train thanking me again for talking to him and saving his life that day.（承上句）当我午餐回来后注意到我书桌上的一个信封时，这件事已经过去了几周。信封上没有注明是寄给谁的，在上面只有一个词天使。我的接待员告诉我说，是一位先生留下的，那位先生不知道我的名字，但把我描述得很详细，因此接待员知道它是给我的。读着信封里的便条，我激动得不能自已。这是来自我在火车上遇到的那
31、个男人的一封信，他再一次感谢我那天跟他交谈，而且还挽救了他的生命。My receptionist attached a note saying a gentleman dropped it off saying he did not know my name but(a gentleman)had described me well enough that the receptionist knew it was for me.本句的主干是My receptionist attached a note.saying作定语修饰a note，a gentleman dropped it off b
32、ut had described me well enough that the receptionist knew it was for me作saying的宾语，but后省略了主语a gentleman。saying he didnt know my name作定语修饰a gentleman。but后面的内容，其中well enough that 相当于so well that。本句话的译文为我的接待员在信封上贴了一张便条，上面写道：这封信是一个绅士留下的，他说他不知道我的名字，但从他细致的描述可知他所说的人是我。17.address v.写（收信人）姓名地址；致函【T200V】【常见错误
33、】n.(名词)v.(动词)误 Where is your new address?正 What is your new address?你的新地址是什么?析 address表示的地址是“通讯地址”,因此,应该用what提问而不能用where提问。他用命令的口吻向听众讲演。误 He addressed to the audience in his commanding voice.正 He addressed the audience in his commanding voice.正 He addressed himself to the audience in his commanding
34、voice.析 address本身就等于to make a speech to,即为及物动词,直接接宾语,不能再加to。(注意误句和第二个正句中audience前虽然都有to,但并不一样,第二个正句中address仍为及物动词,但以反身代词himself为宾语,再用to引出讲演的对象)18.receptionist n.接待员19.attach v.把固定，把附（在上）【T200V】attach to；attached 依恋的；附加的；附属的；attachment 依恋；附件【词语用法】v.(动词)attach的基本意思是指将某一较小的(事)物附在或连到另一较大的(事)物上,所增加的对象或内容
35、与原来的事物构成一个整体,由于这两个事物有着本质上的区别(宾语为反身代词时除外),所以所增加的对象或内容与原来的事物可分开。attach可引申表示为爱或感情的束缚,即爱慕,依恋。attach还可表示“附属于”,在法律术语中,attach还可表示“依法扣留或查封”。attach可以用在一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时、完成时、进行时(当attach用作不及物动词时,罕用进行时)中。一般来说，attach后习惯接to，而不接介词with。例：The receiptrsit is attached here to.（发票附在上），这种用法在商业信函中比较常见。注意，不说The receipt is a
36、ttached here with.20.emotion n.强烈的感情；情感；情绪emotional；emotionless【词义辨析】emotion,feeling,passion,sensation,sense“感觉”“感情”“情绪”1.这组词都可指机体受到外界刺激后从身体到精神的反应;sensation常指身体的反应,尤其是感官如眼睛、神经等对外界刺激的反应,一般较轻微,常译为“感知”,feeling较强,一般译为“感觉”“感情”,emotion 更强,表现为喜怒哀乐,一般译为激动;passion最强烈,往往使人失去思维的能力,且使人不能自制。Fire gives a sensatio
37、n of warmth.火给人以温暖的感觉。I dont like to hurt his feeling.我不愿意伤害他的感情。She lost her reason in consequence of a violent emotion caused by a fire.她因失火而过分伤心,以致失去理智。Our moral sense controls passion.我们的道德观念控制着激情。2.feeling是这组词中最常用的,可泛指一般的情绪;sense多指身体上五官的感觉;sensation还可指轰动一时的事件或人物。He had some feeling for hope.他怀有
38、希望的心情。The new invention has created a great sensation.这项新发明引起了很大的轰动。21.contain v.控制，克制，抑制（感情）【T200V】【常见错误】v.(动词)里面的维生素将受到破坏。误 The vitamins contained in it will be destroyed.正 The vitamins in it will be destroyed.篮子里装有各种水果。误 The basket is containing a variety of fruit.正 The basket contains a variety
39、of fruit.析 contain表示“所属”“构成”关系时,不可用其过去分词作定语,也不可用于进行体。7.Apparently明显的 显而易见 he had some very hurtful personal problems that were so overwhelming压到的 势不可挡的 that he was planning to take his own life 自杀that day.In his letter he went on to explain that he was a religious虔诚宗教信徒 person and in desperation在绝望中
40、 走投无路 screamed拼命叫喊 out to God that（直宾）if God really cared about him he would send someone to prevent him from taking his own life.In his eyes I was that someone,that Angel sent by God.（承上句）很显然，他那天有极其令人痛心的个人问题，让他无法抵抗到他打算结束自己的生命。在信中他接着解释道，他是一个有宗教信仰的人，在绝望中他会向上帝呼喊，如果上帝真的关心他，就会派人来阻止他结束自己的生命。在他眼中我就是那个人上帝派
41、来的天使。22.apparently prntli adv.据所知；看来；显然He was apparently much surprised at the news.他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。23.overwhelming vwelmadj.巨大的；压倒性的；无法抗拒的vt.打击；压倒；使感动；淹没；打败【词语用法】v.(动词)overwhelm的基本意思是“覆盖”“淹没”“泛滥”,其主语常指水;引申则可表示“压倒”“击败”,这时其主语常是人群。overwhelm 还可表示某人“之极”“非常激动”“使不知所措”。overwhelm是及物动词,其后接名词或代词作宾语。No difficul
42、ty can overwhelm us.困难压不倒我们。Your kindness quite overwhelmed me.你的好意使我感激难言。24.scream v.高声喊，大声叫【+介词】：scream at 大叫大嚷 scream for尖声地叫喊为 scream in在中喊叫 scream to对高声说 scream with因而大喊大叫8.Not being a religious person myself，I dont know what that voice was that（AC）made me take a chance冒险 and talk to a stranger
43、，but I do know that it made a difference in 在.方面有作用someones life that day.So the next time you feel prompted刺激鼓励 唤起 for no apparent表面的 reason to talk to a friend,relative,亲戚亲属neighbor or even a complete stranger 完全陌生的人please remember my story.you just may make a difference in someones life when you
44、listen to your inner voice.我不是一个有宗教信仰的人，我不知道那个让我找机会和陌生人攀谈的声音是什么，但我知道的是这个声音在那一天改变了一个人的生活。所以下一次当你感到没有明显缘由地被促使着与一位朋友、亲属、邻居，抑或是一个完全陌生的人交谈时，请记得我的故事。当你倾听自己内心的声音时，你可能会改变一个人的生活。句子的主干是I dont know what that voice was but I do know what that it made a difference in someones life that day.not being a religious
45、person myself是现在分词短语作状语，表示原因。这里要注意的是非谓语动词的否定形式，要在前面加not。what that voice was that made me take a chance and talk to a stranger作know的宾语从句。切记宾语从句要用陈述句语序。再如：Can you tell me where he comes from?take a chance 冒险一试，尝试一下that made me take a chance and talk to a stranger是定从，先行词是the voice，意为让我冒险一试和陌生人说话的声音make
46、 a difference 有影响，有关系，有重要性 Make a Good First Impression留下良好的第一印象1.At a dinner party in New York,one of the guests,a woman who had inherited继承 money,was eager to极想 渴望做某事 make a pleasing impression on everyone.She had squandered挥霍，浪费 a modest不太大的 fortune大笔的钱on sables貂皮大衣,diamonds and pearls珍珠项链.But sh
47、e hadnt done anything whatsoever无论何种 about her face.（承上启下句）It radiated显露sourness乖张刻薄 and selfishness.She didnt realize what everyone knows:namely即,the expression表情（）one wears流露，面带 on ones face is far more important than the clothes（）one wears on ones back.在纽约的一次晚餐聚会上，一位继承了一笔钱的女客人急于给每个人都留下一个令人愉悦的印象。虽
48、然她挥霍了一笔不大不小的财富在貂皮、钻石和珍珠上，但是关于面容，她却什么都没做。她的面容流露出性情乖僻与自私。她并没有意识到每个人都知道的(一个道理)，即一个人的面部表情远比身上穿着的衣服更重要。whatsoever（也作whatever）adv.用在no+名词、nothing、none等之后，以加强语气。There can be no doubt whatever about it.这件事毫无疑问。-Are there any signs of improvement?有改进的迹象吗？-None whatsoever.一点儿都没有。1.inherit nhert v.继承（金钱、财物等）in
49、heritanceinherit sth.from sb.从继承,从得到I inherited this ring from my grandmother.我从祖母那里继承了这个戒指。【词汇搭配】inherit ones father(子)承父业 inherit sbs job接某人的班2.pleasing adj.令人高兴的；令人满意的3.squander skwnd(r)v.浪费，挥霍（金钱、时间等）misspendDont squander your affection on him,hell never love you.不要把感情浪费在他身上，他是永远不会爱你的。4.modest a
50、dj.些许的；不太大的【词语用法】adj.(形容词)modest作“谦虚的,谦恭的”解时,指没有夸大地估计自己的能力或价值,没有浮夸或自负;作“适度的”解时,主要用于质量、大小、价值。She is very modest about her success.她对自己的成就很谦虚。modest还可作“端庄的”“庄重的”解,此时多指女性的品行或修养;也可指妇女的穿着、言行、举止等“羞怯的,不好意思的”。Young girls must be modest in speech,dress and behavior.年轻姑娘必须言词谨慎，衣着得体，行为端庄。5.fortune ftun n.大笔的钱；
