1、英语（二）自学教程 Unit 3Friendship and Loyalty TEXT A Reflections:Friendship and LoyaltyTEXT BA Tribute to the DogReflections:Friendship and Loyalty思考：友情和忠诚 1.How many of us recognize true loyalty in a friend?Loyalty consists of a friend,who will stick by you,through thick and thin.A friend who is always ho
2、nest with you and never betrays the friendship with lies is a loyal friend.If you have a loyal friend,you have indeed found a true virtue in that friend.（承上句）我们之中有多少人能在朋友中识别出真正的忠诚?忠诚包括无论何时都会支持你的朋友。一直对你坦诚、从不撒谎背叛你的朋友才是忠诚的朋友。如果你有一位忠诚的朋友，你一定在他身上发现了真正的美德。consists of 由.组成（不可用于被动语态）The letter consists of s
3、ix closely typed pages.那封信有密密麻麻打印出来的6页。stick by 忠实于，不离不弃（某人）They vowed to stick by one another no matter what happened.他们立誓生死与共.through thick and thin adv.不畏艰险；历经甘苦Shed stuck by Bob through thick and thin.她和鲍勃患难与共。I will go on loving James through thick and thin no matter what happens.不管发生什么，不管经历多少艰
4、辛，我都会一直爱着詹姆斯。Hand in hand,heart by heart,we together go through thick and thin.手牵着手,心连着心,一起面对风风雨雨.1.reflection n.（关于某主题的）思考，回忆2.loyalty n.忠诚；忠实；忠心耿耿3.recognize v.承认；意识到 4.betray v.辜负；对不忠5.indeed adv.其实；实际上6.virtue n.高尚的道德；正直的品性；德行 2.The current trend on the Internet is befriending anyone who request
5、s to be your friend.However,this new trend may lead to disasters.（承上句）It may be popular and trendy to have a network filled with a multitude of mutual friends.However,one true loyal friend may be the only friend you need.如今网络上流行的趋势是你可以和任何一个想成为你朋友的人做朋友。然而，这种新的趋势有可能会引发灾难。在网络上拥有一大批共同好友可能是比较流行，但是一个真正忠诚的
6、朋友可能是你需要的唯一的那一个。lead to 把带到；领到；（道路）通向；导致Politicians say it could lead to a dissolution of parliament.政客们说这可能会导致议会解散。This can lead to bodily weakness and muscle wastage.这样可能会导致身体虚弱和肌肉萎缩。Lack of exercise can lead to feelings of depression and exhaustion.缺乏锻炼会导致抑郁和疲劳。7.trend n.趋势；趋向；倾向；动态；动向8.befriend
7、v.做（尤指需要帮助者的）朋友；友善相待9.request v.（礼貌或正式地）请求，要求10.trendy adj.时髦的；赶时髦的n.时髦人物，赶时髦的人；领导时尚的人The place is as self-consciously trendy as they come.这个地方非常有意识地追求时髦。He was trying to be really cool and trendy.他竭力想扮酷，赶时髦。I used to wear trendy gear but it just looked ridiculous.我以前常穿新潮的衣服，但看上去却滑稽可笑。11.multitude n
8、.众多；大量a multitude of 众多的；大量的There are a multitude of small quiet roads to cycle along.有很多可以骑车的宁静小路。a multitude of possibilities 众多的可能性There is are a multitude of reasons against it.有大量反对它的理由。12.mutual adj.共有的；共同的；相互的；彼此的He left the company by mutual consent last September.去年9月，经双方同意，他离开了公司。They do,h
9、owever,share a mutual interest in design.不过他们确实都对设计感兴趣。mutual respect/understandingAt the wedding party,the bride and the bridegroom expressed that they would live in harmony and mutual respect and grow old together.婚礼上,新娘和新郎表示要互敬互爱,白头偕老.A term used on the popular Facebook site is B.F.F.This acronym
10、 means best friends forever.Are they really your best friends forever?You might ask yourself this question,Will they share my private matters with others on the pages of Facebook,or perish the thought,engage in gossip about me with others?If the answer to that is,I dont know,more than likely,they wi
11、ll not be your best friends forever.Maybe not,even for a day.广受欢迎的脸谱网站上有一个词叫做BFF。这个缩写词的意思是“永远的最好的朋友”。他们真的是你永远的最好的朋友吗?你可能会问自己：“他们会把我的私事发布在脸谱网页上与他人分享吗?甚至与他人一起八卦我的隐私吗?但愿永远不会。”如果答案是“我不知道”，那么很有可能，他们不是你永远的好朋友，甚至连一天也没可能是。13.term n.词语；术语：措辞14.site n.网站；站点15.acronym n.首字母缩略词16.perish v.丧失；湮灭；毁灭perish the tho
12、ught 甭想了；但愿不会如此Me a policeman!Perish the thought!我当警察！想都别想了，不可能！The neighbourschildren want to learn to play the trumpet,perish the thought!邻居的孩子想学吹小号,但愿他们别学!Perish the thought that we should ever part.但愿我们永不分离.17.thought n.想法；看法；主意；记忆18.gossip n.流言蜚语，谣言；爱讲闲话的人；谈话，闲话；关系亲密的伙伴vi.传播流言，说长道短；Its common g
13、ossip that theyre having an affair.大家都说他们之间关系暧昧。He spent the first hour talking gossip.他头一个小时都在闲聊。She can spend a whole day gossiping with her neighbours.她能一整天都跟邻居们说长道短。6.engage in（使）从事，参加I have no time to engage in the debate.我没时间参加辩论。He engaged in a serious study of the problem.他对这个问题进行了认真的研究。My f
14、amily has been engaged in farming for generations.我家几代都从事农业。The old lady engaged herself in making clothes for her children.这位老太太忙着为孩子们做衣服。more than likely，very likely很有可能more than happy，very happy很快乐Its more than likely Brazil will win the World Cup.巴西很有可能赢得世界杯.I choose to have a B.L.F.,a best loya
15、l friend,for those of you who may be challenged by the use of acronyms during this age of technology and fast-talking.在这个科技和快速交谈发展的时代对可能会面临使用缩写语的你们来说，我更想要一个BLF，忠诚的好朋友。Loyalty found in a friend is akin to making a deposit in a bank account.More often than not,your deposits gain interest,an interest i
16、n your well-being and welfare.A loyal friend attracts another loyal friend.In essence,water does seek its own level.（承上、总结的句子）朋友间的忠诚就像是在银行账户里存款一样。通常你的存款会获得利息，关乎你幸福安康的利息。忠诚的朋友吸引另一个忠诚的朋友。本质上，水自然会向下流朋友间总是惺惺相惜。19.challenge v.考查的能力；考验的技巧The job doesnt really challenge him.这项工作不能真正地考验他。The value of this e
17、xercise is that it challenges the students to express themselves freely.这项练习的价值在于它能促使学生自由地表达自己的思想。20.akin adj.相似的；类似的 be akin/similar to与.相似，类似Listening to his life story is akin to reading a good adventure novel.听他的人生故事犹如阅读一本精彩的冒险小说。What he felt was more akin to pity than love.他感受到的更像怜悯，而不是爱。21.dep
18、osit n.存款v.放置This is more like a downpayment,or a deposit,if you like.这更像是首付，也可以说是定金。Someone was seen depositing a packet.有人看见一个人放下了件小包裹。More often than not通常，多半More often than not she misses the bus.她经常赶不上这班公共汽车.22.account n.账户accountant，current account，deposit accountmake a deposit in a bank accou
19、nt往银行账户存款make a withdrawals from a bank account从银行账户取款23.interest n.利息24.well-being n.健康；安乐；康乐25.welfare n.（个体或群体的）幸福，安全与健康26.essence n.本质；实质；精髓 in essence 本质上In the above chapter,we have learned what the essence of translation is.在上一章中,我们学习了翻译的本质。The two things are the same in outward form but diff
20、erent in essence.这两件东西外表形式一样,但实质不同。27.seek v.寻找，探寻；追求，谋求；往或朝而去They have had to seek work as labourers.他们只好找体力活儿干。On important issues,they seek a second opinion.在重要问题上，他们会征求别人的看法。I sought to change her mind.我试图改变她的心意。I dont think I should seek.我认为我没有必要去。If you were a B.L.F.way before Facebook gained
21、notoriety,then Im sure you understand the premise of loyalty in a friend.You should never exploit your B.L.F.to gain more friends or make yourself seem more important to others.These are not the traits of a best loyal friend.（承上句）如果你早在脸谱网赢得恶名之前就是个BLF的话，我相信你一定明白忠诚的朋友的前提。你不该利用自己的BLF来结交更多的朋友或者让你自己看起来更加
22、重要。这些不是忠诚的好朋友的特质。A best loyal friend does not care who is invited to your party.They will attend your party and celebrate you,just in the way a best loyal friend should do.忠诚的最好的朋友不会在意你宴会上都请了谁。他们会来参加你的宴会并向你表示祝贺，就像忠诚的最好的朋友应该做的那样。way（与介词或副词连用，加强程度）very far很远He finished the race way ahead of the other
23、runners.他第一个跑到终点，远远领先于其他选手。I first met him way back.我和他初次相见是很久以前的事了。28.notoriety n.恶名；声名狼藉；丑名英 ntrat美,notratiBecause of its notoriety that part of town was shunned by most respectable people.由于该城的这个区臭名远扬，大多数体面的人都不到那里去。to gain notoriety for sth|to achieve notoriety for sth因而臭名远扬The film achieved noto
24、riety for its explicit sex scenes.这部电影因其赤裸裸的性爱场面而臭名昭著。notorious a.相当于infamous29.premise premsn.前提；假定 the premise that 的前提They were selling it on the premise that it was being used for legal purposes.他们售出的前提是要将它用于法律目的。to be based on the premise that 建立在的前提之上Her whole argument was based on the premise
25、 that progress is a good thing.她的整个论点都基于进步是件好事这个前提。30.exploit v.利用（为自己谋利）(make use of)+opportunity，+skill 充分利用，开发；利用Cary is hoping to exploit new opportunities in Europe.卡里希望好好利用欧洲的新机遇。So you feel that your skills have never been fully exploited?所以你觉得你的技能从未完全施展？+resource 开发；开采Were being very short-s
26、ighted in not exploiting our own coal.我们一直目光短浅，没有开发自己的煤矿。(take advantage of)+person，+situation 剥削；压榨，利用Critics claim he exploited black musicians for personal gain.批评家声称他压榨黑人音乐家谋求私利。trait n.(feature,quality)特征；特点；特性Creativity is a human trait.创造力是人类的一种特性。Aggression is by no means a male-only trait.攻
27、击性绝不是男性独有的特点。Reconnecting with a best loyal friend is easier to do on the pages of Facebook.However,a virtual friend does not assure you of his loyalty.My caution to you is that youd better pay attention to the smiling faces on the Facebook pages.In the eighties we were warned of smiling faces in a
28、song,which contained these lyrics,A smile is just a frown turned upside down,my friend.Now,that is the undisputed truth for my generation.在脸谱网上和忠诚的好朋友联络来得容易得多。然而，一个虚拟的朋友无法向你保证其忠诚。我给你的告诫是，你最好注意那些脸谱网站上的笑脸们。在80年代我们就在歌谣中被告知“笑脸是反着的苦恼的脸，我的朋友”。这在我们这一代也是不争的事实。pay attention to 注意Ill pay attention to my handw
29、riting next time.下次我会注意书写的。Pay attention to the freshness of your food.注意你的食物是否新鲜。to warn of sth就提出警告，to warn sb of sth警告某人提防某事物They warned him of the dangers of sailing alone.他们向他指出独自航行的危险之处，让他多加小心。to warn(that)提醒说,to warn sb(that)提醒某人说The least I can do is warn them that there is a danger.我起码可以提醒他
30、们有危险。Friends warned me that having children was expensive.朋友们提醒我说养育孩子很花钱。(advise)劝告；警告；告诫Well,I warned you!哦，我警告过你的！to warn sb（not)to do sth警告某人做/不要做某事Mrs.Blount warned me not to interfere.布朗特夫人警告我不要插手。(inform in advance)预先通知I warned Edna of his visit.我预先通知过埃德娜他会来访。to warn against sth告诫不要做Mr Lowe wa
31、rned against complacency.洛先生告诫说不能自满。to warn against doing sth警告不要做某事He warned against underestimating their opponents.他警告说不能低估他们的对手。He warned against repeating the same mistake.他警告说不能再犯同样的错误。to warn sb away|to warn away sb警告不要靠近to warn sb away from doing sth警告某人不要做某事Analysts warn us away from drawin
32、g any conclusions.分析师警告我们不要妄下结论。to warn sb off|to warn off sb警告不要靠近to warn sb off sth告诫某人避开某物He spends his spare time visiting schools to warn pupils off drugs.他在业余时间走访学校，告诫小学生远离毒品。to be warned off被要求停止；被要求离开be warned小心；提防Its not as easy as it looks,so be warned!这并不像看上去那么简单，所以要小心点！31.reconnect v.再联系
33、；再联络32.virtual adj.（通过计算机软件，如在因特网上）模拟的，虚拟的33.assure v.使确信；向保证assure sb.of sth.assure sb.that34.caution n.警告；告诫35.lyric n.歌词36.undisputed adj.不容置疑的；毫无疑问的；不可争辩的37.generation n.（统称）一代人，同代人，同辈人generation gapfour generations living under the same roofA Tribute to the Dog致狗The best friend a man has in thi
34、s world may turn against him and become his enemy.（主题句）His son or daughter whom he has reared with loving care may prove ungrateful.Those who are nearest and dearest to us,those whom we trust with our happiness and our good name,may become traitors to their faith.在这个世上一个人最好的朋友也可能与他反目成仇，他呕心养育的儿女也可能对他
35、忘恩负义。那些我们最亲近的人，那些我们以幸福和名誉信任的人，也可能背叛他们的忠诚。those whom we trust with our happiness and our good name，定语从句中whom是trust的宾语，即trust whom with our happiness and our good name 我们把自己的幸福和名誉都寄托在他们身上trust sb.with sth.信得过，托付，寄托Id trust him with my life.我把命交给他都放心。turn against 背叛1.tribute n.（尤指对死者的）致敬；悼念；吊唁礼物to be a
36、 tribute to sth对.的致敬；是的明证；是的充分体现The song is a tribute to Roy Orbison.这首歌是对罗伊奥比森的致敬。Their success is a tribute to their discipline.他们的成功充分体现了他们的自制力。to pay tribute to sb/sth向某人某事物致敬；赞颂某人某事物The coach paid tribute to his players despite their thumping loss.尽管队员们惨败，但教练还是向他们致以敬意。2.rear v.抚养；养育；培养比较：rear/r
37、are半熟的3.ungrateful adj.不领情的；忘恩负义的比较：ungrateful/disgraceful丢脸的4.traitor n.背叛者；叛徒；卖国贼5.faith n.信任；相信；信心to have faith in sb/sth对某人/某事有信心；信任某人/相信某事Ive got faith in human nature.我相信人性。I have a lot of faith in her.我对她非常信任。to lose faith in sb/sth对某人/某事失去信心；不再信任某人/某事People have lost faith in the government.
38、人们已经对政府失去信心。to place your faith in sb/sth对某人/某事抱有信心；相信某人/某事She had placed a great deal of faith in Mr Penleigh.她对彭利先生极为信赖。2.The money that a man has he may lose.（改错）It flies away from him,perhaps when he needs it most.（承上句）A mans reputation may be sacrificed in a moment of ill-considered action.The
39、people who are prone to fall on their knees to do us honor when success is with us may be the first to throw the stone of malice when failure settles（TOP100V.）its cloud upon our heads.The one absolute,unselfish friend（that）a man may have in this selfish world,the one that never deserts him,the one t
40、hat never proves ungrateful or treacherous,is his dog.一个人所拥有的财富也可能失去。它可能在最被需要时随风而逝。名声也可能因一念之差而损毁殆尽。当我们功成名就，一些人卑躬屈膝，极力讨好；当失败的阴云笼罩在我们的头顶，那些人又可能最先对我们落井下石。而一个人在这充满私欲的世界里的一个绝对无私的朋友，一个永不抛弃他的朋友，一个绝不忘恩负义与背信弃义的朋友，则是他的狗。7.prone adj.易于发生某事的；很可能的be prone to do sth.容易，倾向于，往往会做某事People with fair skin are more pro
41、ne to develop skin cancer.皮肤白皙的人更容易患皮肤癌。be prone to sth.+depression,infection,nerves,heart attack 易遭受的For all her experience,she was still prone to nerves.尽管有经验，她还是很容易紧张。He was prone to indigestion after rich restaurant meals.在餐馆吃过油腻食物之后，他常会消化不良。He was prone to depression.他很容易沮丧。+violence 有倾向We know
42、 males are more prone to violence.我们知道雄性更具有暴力倾向。fall on ones knees 下跪do sb.honor 向某人表示敬意6.reputation n.名誉；名声8.malice n.恶意；怨恨 malicious a.There was no malice on his part.他没有恶意。9.settle v.把放好；安放（TOP100V.）10.absolute adj.肯定的；无疑的；明确的11.unselfish adj.无私的；忘我的；不谋私利的 selfless12.selfish adj.自私的13.desert v.抛弃
43、，离弃，遗弃（某人）The mother deserted her children.dessertdzt n.餐后甜点；甜点心14.treacherous adj.不可信任的；背叛的；奸诈的ill-considered 欠考虑的/well-considered深思熟虑的ill-humored/good-humoredill-bred 没有教养的/well-bredill-intentioned 不是故意的/well-intentioned好意的；出于善意的ill-informed/well-informed3.A mans dog stands by him in prosperity an
44、d in poverty,in health and in sickness.（主题句）He will sleep on the cold ground when the wintry winds blow and the snow drives fiercely,if only he can be near his masters side.He will kiss the hand that has no food to offer.He will lick the sores and wounds that come in the encounter with the roughness
45、 of the world.He guards the sleep of his pauper master as if he were a prince.（承上、总结的句子）一个人的狗无论其主人贫穷富贵，生老病死，都会和他站在一起，永不分离。只要能留在主人身边，它宁愿睡在冰冷的地上而不顾寒风凛冽，大雪纷飞。它会吻主人的手，哪怕主人手里没有一丁点食物；它会抚慰主人在艰难时世中遭遇的身心创伤；它也会如同护卫王子一般，守卫熟睡中潦倒的主人。stand by=to back up 支持支持；帮助；忠于the wintry winds blow and the snow drives fiercely
46、寒风凛冽，大雪纷飞in prosperity and in poverty,in health and in sickness（无论）.贫穷富贵，生老病死lick the sores and wounds抚慰.的身心创伤come in the encounter(意外的相见；邂逅；遭遇)with the roughness of the world遭遇艰难时世中的.15.prosperity n.兴旺；繁荣；成功；昌盛 prosper vt.使成功；使昌盛 prosperous a.16.poverty n.贫穷；贫困poor poverty-stricken非常贫穷的17.sickness
47、n.疾病；不健康18.wintry adj.冬天的；寒冷的19.fiercely adv.猛烈地20.lick v.舔to lick at sthRonnie woke up when he felt Major,the family dog,licking at his hand.龙尼醒来发现家里的狗梅杰正在舔他的手。flames+吞噬Fuel poured into the cabin and flames licked at the windows.燃油被倒进小屋后，火焰立刻吞噬了窗口。to lick sth off|to lick off sth舔去；舔掉Lick it off!把它给
48、舔了！You need to lick off a piece of pasta on your chin.你赶紧把嘴边上的意大利面舔掉。to lick sth up|to lick up sth舔起来；舔干净I broke an egg on the floor but the cat licked it up.我掉了一个鸡蛋在地板上，打碎了，不过猫把它舔干净了。to have sth licked克服；战胜；攻克The area that we havent got licked yet is upgrade management and engineering.我们尚未攻克的领域是升级管
49、理和工程学。to lick sth clean把舔干净He ate all his pudding and then licked the bowl clean.他吃完了布丁，又把碗舔了个一干二净。to lick sth into shape修饰；布置；完善Weve only got a couple of hours to lick this place into shape before the guests arrive.客人到来之前我们只有几小时的时间来布置场地。to lick your lips兴奋地期待；憧憬；津津有味地回忆He was licking his lips at th
50、e prospect of revenge.看到了复仇的机会，他跃跃欲试。to lick your wounds休养生息；重整旗鼓Theyve had a couple of days to lick their wounds after back-to-back losses to New Jersey and Washington.在连续输掉了对新泽西队和华盛顿队的比赛后，他们休整了两三天。21.sore n.痛处；伤处；疮22.wound n.（心灵上的）伤，创伤23.roughness n.艰辛；艰难24.guard n./v.警卫；守卫；保卫security guard 保安life
