1、 Unit4 History and traditions Reading and ThinkingA people without the knowledge of their past history,origin and culture is like a tree without roots.-Marcus Garvey.LondonBig BenThe ThamesPalace of Westminster(Houses of Parliament)the Westminster BridgeWhere is it?一个不了解自己历史、起源和文化的民族，就如同一棵无根之树。伦敦泰晤士
2、河伦敦泰晤士河畔的威斯敏斯特宫威斯敏斯特宫，是伦敦4个世界文化遗产之一，16世纪时就成为英国议会上、下两院的所在地，因此又俗称“议会大厦”。旁边的大桥为“威斯敏斯特桥威斯敏斯特桥”。House of Parliament威斯敏斯特宫殿（英国威斯敏斯特宫殿（英国议会议会大厦）大厦）River Thames千禧之轮（Millennium Wheel）是世界上首座、也曾经是世界最大的观景摩天轮，是英国伦敦一座标志性的宫殿、要塞，选址在泰晤士河。伦敦塔曾作为堡垒、军械库、国库、铸币厂、宫殿、天文台、避难所和监狱，特别关押上层阶级的囚犯，最后一次作为监狱使用是在第二次世界大战期间。1988年被列为世界文
3、化遗产。，旧称即威斯敏斯特宫钟塔，伊丽莎白塔于1858年4月10日建成，是英国最大的钟。世界上著名的哥特式建筑之一，伦敦的标志性建筑。2012年6月，英国宣布把伦敦著名地标“大本钟”的钟楼改名为“伊丽莎白塔”。格林威治（），一译。英国大伦敦的一个区。位于伦敦东南、泰晤士河南岸。1675-1948 年设皇家格林尼治天文台。1884年在华盛顿召开的国际经度会议决定以经过格林尼治的经线为本初子午线本初子午线，也是世界计算时间和地理经度的起点。PPT模板下载： at this map:the capital city of the UK:LondonFour countries:EnglandScot
4、landWalesNorthern Irelandthe United Kingdom greenpurpleyelloworange1.What does it show?2.What do the different colours stand for?PredictingWHATS IN A NAME?_My puzzle?Great Britain?Great Britain?the United Kingdom?England?England?Britain?Britain?the UK?What is the full name of the UK?the United Kingd
5、om of Great Britain and Northern Ireland大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国Whats in a name?To arouse readers interest in the text and continue to read it.PUZZLE!PUZZLE!Why does the writer use a question as the title?Whats the main idea of the passage?Prediction A.The history of the United Kingdom.B.The geography of the U
6、nited Kingdom.C.The people of the United Kingdom.D.The politics of the United Kingdom.Main idea of each paragraph.A.Formation 形成形成 of the namesB.Importance of studying the history of the UKC.Similarities&differences of the four countries of the UKD.Introduction of the topic.E.Invaders in the history
7、.Para.1Para.2Para.3Para.4Para.5Detailed-readingQ1:How many names are used to refer to the UK and what are they？Q2:What does the author suggest to solve this puzzle？Para.1 A puzzle-to introduce the topic by raising a puzzleto arouse(激起激起)interest of the readers返回目录英语必修第二册 The United Kingdom,Great Bri
8、tain,Britain,England-many people are confused by what these different names mean.So what is the difference between them,if any？Getting to know a little bit about British will help you solve this puzzle.Figure out the meaning of words in greenwhat 引导的从句引导的从句作介词作介词 by 的宾语，的宾语，what 在从句中作在从句中作 mean的宾语。的
9、宾语。if any “如果有的话如果有的话。”为为 if there is any difference 的省略句式。的省略句式。Getting to know.是动名词短语作主语。是动名词短语作主语。Paragraph 1对有疑问/感到困惑意味着困惑;迷惑一点儿Q3:What is the full name of UK?Q4:What are people from the UK called?Q5:Whats the difference between the UK,Great Britain and England?Q6:Can we call people in Scotland
10、English men?If we do so,how will they react?大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国British.Para.2 HistoryEngland+WalesEngland+Wales+Scotland(Great Britain)Great Britain+Northern IrelandGreat Britain+Irelandin the 16th centuryin the 18th centuryin the 19th centurybe joined tobe joined tobe added toHow did UK come
11、 into being?in the 20th centurybreak away from+=Do the four countries work together in all areas?返回目录英语必修第二册 In the 16th century,the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.Later,in the 18th century,the country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain.In the 19
12、th century,the Kingdom of lreland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and lreland.Finally,in the 20th century,the southern part of lreland broke away from the UK,which resulted in the full name we have today:the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.Most people jus
13、t use the shortened name:the United Kingdom or the UK.People from the UK are called British,which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.Figure out the meaning of words in greenwhich 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容。其中引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容。其中we have today是省略是省略了关系代词了关系代词that/which的定语从
14、句，修饰的定语从句，修饰 the full name。which 引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句,限制前面整个句子限制前面整个句子Paragraph 2join.to.把.和.联结起来脱离;背叛;逃脱shorten v.缩短;缩写refer to.as.把.称作.Similarities相似点相似点_;_;_Differences_ and _ systems;_ and even _ for competitions.currencyflagmilitary defenceeducationallegaltheir own traditionsfootball teamsPara.
15、3 Similarities and differences返回目录英语必修第二册 The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.They use the same flag,known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence.However,they also have some differences.For example，England,Wales,Scotland
16、,and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal systems.They also have their own traditions,like their own national days and national dishes.And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup!Figure out the meaning of words in green关系代词关系代词that引导的定语从
17、句引导的定语从句,修饰修饰the four countries,that在从句中作主语在从句中作主语过去分词短语过去分词短语known as the Union Jack作后置定语，修饰作后置定语，修饰the same flag。Paragraph 3属于同(一样也)和;还军事防御in the 1st centuryin the 5th centuryin the 8th centurythe Anglo-Saxonsthe Romansthe Vikingsin the 11th centurythe NormansPara.4 People and traditionstowns and
18、roadslanguage and housesvocabulary and names of locationscastles,legal system and French words返回目录英语必修第二册 The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore,which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions.Almost everywhere you go in the UK,you will be surro
19、unded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.The first group,the Romans,came in the first century.Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads.Figure out the meaning of words in greenwhich引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰hi
20、story，which在从句中作主语在从句中作主语everywhere you go in the UK是状从是状从,everywhere“处处处处,到处到处”,引导状从。引导状从。who引导定从引导定从,修饰修饰four different groups of people,who在从句中作主语。在从句中作主语。the Romans 作作 the first group 的同位语的同位语Paragraph 4围绕证据；证明成就返回目录英语必修第二册 Next，the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century.They introduced the b
21、eginnings of the English language，and changed the way people built houses.The Vikings came in the eighth century，left behind lots of new vocabulary，and also the names of many locations across the UK.The last group were the Normans.They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the
22、 11th century.They had castles built all around England and made changes to the legal system.The Normans were French，so many French words slowly entered into the English language.Figure out the meaning of words in greenthe way people built houses是省略了关系代词是省略了关系代词that或或in which的定语从句，的定语从句，修饰修饰the way，
23、that或或in which在从句中作方式状语。在从句中作方式状语。had castles built all around England 是是 have sth done 结构结构,“让某事被做让某事被做”。Paragraph 420th century11th century16th century18th century19th centuryRomans arrived Anglo-Saxons cameVikings came1st century5th century8th centuryNormans conqueredWales was joinedScotland was
24、joinedIreland was addedSouthern Ireland broke awayTimelinethe Anglo-Saxonsthe Anglo-Saxonsthe Vikingsthe VikingsS Sort ort out the information according to the out the information according to the timeline timeline(P41)(P41)When?What happened?What changed?Romans arrived Ango-Saxons came Vikings came
25、11th century 1st century 5th century 8th centuryNormans conquered England after the Battle of Hastingstowns and roadslanguage and way houses were builtvocabulary and names of locations across the UKcastles built,legal system changed,and new words from French introducedS Sort ort out the information
26、according to the timeline.out the information according to the timeline.(P41)(P41)When?What happened?What changed?16th century18th century19th century20th centuryWales was joined to Kingdom of EnglandScotland was joined to England and WalesIreland was addedthe southern part of Ireland broke away“Kin
27、gdom of Great Britain”formed“United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland”formedname changed to“United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”Q7:Is there anything else we can benefit from studying the history of the UK?Q8:Why is London said to be a great place to start?Q9:What impression is gi
28、ven of the UK?Any supporting words?Para.5 Trip返回目录英语必修第二册 There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom.Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable.The capital city London is a great place to start,as it is an ancient
29、port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.There are countless historic sites to explore，and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK.The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture,with both new and old traditions.If you keep your eyes open,you wil
30、l be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.Figure out the meaning of words in green此句中动名词短语作主语；此句中动名词短语作主语；make宾语宾补宾语宾补(形容词形容词)。此句中此句中as引导原因状语从句；引导原因状语从句；that引导的定语从句修饰引导的定语从句修饰an ancient port city；现在分词短语作后置定语修饰；现在分词短语作后置定语修饰a history。Paragraph 5迷人的 留心；留意1.what引导名词性从句引导名词性从
31、句:1.What she saw gave her a fright.2.I managed to get what I wanted.3.Theres something in what he says.4.Thats what I want to know.主语从句主语从句 宾语从句宾语从句 宾语从宾语从句 表语从句表语从句 该句中该句中 if any 是省略句，其完整形式为是省略句，其完整形式为 if there is any difference。If any为省略句式为省略句式,意为意为“如果有的话如果有的话”,if用作连词用作连词。其他类似的省略结构:if so如果这样的话if n
32、ot如果不这样的话if ever如果有过/发生过的话if necessary如果有必要的话if possible如果有可能的话2.So what is the difference between them,if any?完成句子 留心看周围的景色。否则,你迟早会后悔的。Keep your eyes open for the surrounding views._,you will regret sooner or later.如果有必要我可以早点来。I could come earlier,_.请告诉我，如果有人要来的话，有多少？Please let me know how many are
33、 coming,_.if necessary If not if any单个动名词短语做主语，谓语动词常用_。单数仿写：眼见为实。_ is believing.在阳光下看书对我们的眼睛有害。_ is bad for our eyes.学习哲学将为我们的生活打开另一扇窗。_ another window to our lives.Seeing Reading in the sunStudying philosophy will open3.Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puz
34、zle.3.Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.4.puzzle 1.Will you help me to solve this puzzle?2.The question puzzled me.3.She listened with a puzzled expression on her face.n.谜;难题vt.使困惑 vi.迷惑;冥思苦想 puzzlingadj.令人迷惑的令人迷惑的/困惑的困惑的 puzzledadj.(感到感到)困惑的困惑的;迷惑不解的
35、迷惑不解的be in a puzzle(about)对对.迷惑不解迷惑不解be puzzled with/about.对对.迷惑不解迷惑不解puzzledpuzzlingpuzzlingpuzzledpuzzled4.Finally,in the 20th century,the southern part of lreland broke away from the UK.5.break away(from sb/sth)脱离;逃脱;摆脱break in 破门而入;打断break into 闯入;突然开始(笑、唱等)break out(战争)爆发;(火灾)发生break up 拆开;结束;解
36、散break down 出故障;失败;垮掉;(使)分解break through 突破1.Dont lose your head when a fire breaks _.2.Among the painters who broke away _ the traditional style of painting were the impressionists,who lived and worked in Paris.3.On my way to the station my car broke _,so I failed to catch the train.4.Im sorry to h
37、ear that his girlfriend has broken _with him.5.Dont break _ when he is telling the story.outfromdownupin5.The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.6.belong to(介介)属于;是的成员 belongings n财产;所有物belong to既既不能用于被动语态不能用于被动语态，也不能，也不能用于进行时态用于进行时态；作后置定语时，作后置定语时，形式为形式为“bel
38、onging to”。belonging n.归属1.As parents,we have responsibility to give our children a sense of _(belong).2.She lost all her _(belong)in the earthquake.3.They discovered a new plant _(belong)to the endangered species.4.Lions and tigers belong _ the cat family.belongingbelongingsbelongingto6.They use th
39、e same flag,known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence.7.as well as同同(一样也一样也);和；还和；还当as well as 连接并列主语时，其后的谓语要与as well as 前的主语在人称和数上保持一致。类似用法还有with,together with,along with (就远原则)Your wife as well as you _ friendly to me.is2.Jack can play basketball as well as Bi
40、ll.3.As well as writing stories,I love reading and working out.和和一样好一样好除了除了=besides/in addition to8.defence/defense6.They use the same flag,known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence.1.防御；保卫；防护She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands,as if in def
41、ence.2.防务；防御物；防御能力The body has natural defence mechanisms to protect it from disease.3.辩护；辩解I have to say in her defence that she knew nothing about it beforehand.4.(体育运动中的)后卫；防守队员defend vt.防守;保卫;为.辩解in defence(of)/in ones defence 保护；为了保卫；(为.)辩护defend.from/against.保护.免受.；保卫.抵御1.All our officers are
42、trained to defend themselves _ knife attacks.2.We must see to it that there is no gap in our _(defend).3.He gave his life in _(defend)of his country.against/fromdefencedefence9.surroundvt.围绕;包围6.Almost everywhere you go in the UK,you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people.
43、surroundingadj.周围的surroundingsn.环境be surrounded by/with.被包围surround sb/sth with sb/sth 包围1._(surround)by the policemen,the thief couldnt escape being caught.2.Surround yourself_uplifting individuals who challenge you to be better.3._ by the forest,the village has beautiful _,which attracts many visi
44、tors from _areas.(surround)SurroundedwithSurroundedsurroundingssurrounding10.achievement n.C成就;成绩 U达到;达成7.Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads.achieve vt(凭借努力)达到(目标、标准)=attain完成=accomplishachieve ones goal/aim 达到目标a sense of achievement 成就感make an achievement/achievements 取得成就Thank YouThank You
