1、Unit 4 History and TraditionsWords and Expressions1.Confucius 孔子 Confucian school 儒家学派 Temple of Confucius 孔庙2.philosopher 哲学家 philosophy 哲学3.mansion n.公馆公馆;宅第宅第 cemetery n.墓地墓地;公墓公墓 tomb n.坟墓坟墓 grave n.坟墓坟墓4.descendant n.后裔后裔;后代后代;ancestor n.祖宗祖宗;祖先祖先5.individual n.个人个人 adj.单独的单独的 individually adv.
2、分别地；单独地分别地；单独地individualism n.个人主义个人主义individuality n.个性个性;特征特征collective adj.集体的集体的 The competition is open to both teams and (individual).The manager spoke to them all (individual).individalsindividally6.Achilles heel 致命的弱点 heel n.脚后跟阿基里斯是古希腊神话中最伟大的英雄之一。相传，他的母亲是一位女神，在他降生之初，女神为了使他长生不死，将他浸入冥河洗礼。阿基里斯
3、从此刀枪不入，百毒不侵，只有一点除外他的脚踵当时被女神提在手中，未能浸入冥河，于是“阿基里斯之踵”就成了这位英雄的唯一弱点。在漫长的特洛亚战争中，阿基里斯一直是希腊人最勇敢的将领。在十年战争即将结束时，敌方将领在众神的示意下，抓住了阿基里斯的弱点，一箭射中他的脚踵，阿基里斯最终不治而亡。pull ones leg 同某人开玩笑 laugh ones head off 大笑不止7.kingdom n.王国王国 (生物等的生物等的)界界;领域领域 the animal kingdom动物界动物界king 国王国王 queen 女王女王;王后王后prince 王子王子;王孙王孙;亲王亲王prince
4、ss 公主公主;王妃王妃8.chief adj.最重要的最重要的;最高级别的最高级别的 n.首领首领;酋长酋长 chiefs(pl.)the chief problem/reason 主要问题主要问题/原因原因(理由理由)police chiefs 警察局局长警察局局长the editor-in-chief 主编主编;总编总编main/major adj.主要的主要的important adj.重要的重要的importance 重要重要;重要性重要性9.puzzle n.谜语，智力游戏 v.迷惑(1)puzzle about/over冥思苦想冥思苦想;苦苦思索苦苦思索(2)a puzzle t
5、o sb一件让某人感到困惑的事情一件让某人感到困惑的事情(3)be puzzled about 对对迷惑不解迷惑不解n.puzzlement 迷惑；困惑adj.puzzled 感到迷惑的 be puzzled about.对迷惑不解的adj.puzzling 令人迷惑的1.I am （puzzle）by his failure to reply to my letter.2.Her (puzzle)look on her face suggested she didnt understand what I said.3.His letter poses a number of question
6、s 1 1puzzledpuzzledpuzzling4.The firemen were _ a puzzle about the cause of the fire.5.He lay looking at the sky,trying to puzzle things _.6.Everyone was a bit _(puzzle)by her sudden departure.7.The spelling of English is often _(puzzle).inoutpuzzledpuzzling单句写作单句写作她脸上困惑的表情暗示了她正在思考那个令人困惑的数学题。她脸上困惑的表
7、情暗示了她正在思考那个令人困惑的数学题。The _ look on her face suggested she was _ over the _ math problem.puzzledpuzzlingpuzzling10.nearby adv.在附近在附近 adj.附近的附近的;邻近的邻近的(常在名词前常在名词前)Her mother lives in a nearby town.Her mother lives in a town nearby.她妈妈住在附近的小镇。11.join.to 把连接或联结起来 connect.tojoin in=take part in=participat
8、e in 参加参加翻译句子。1.我想知道你是否方便和我一起去参观展览。2.据说有超过200多个学生参加这个讨论。I wonder if it is convenient for you to join me in visiting the exhibition.It is said that more than two hundred students have joined in the discussion 单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）The island is joined the mainland by a bridge.（2）In the evening there was a b
9、arbecue,with the whole village（join）in the fun.（3）Do you know how many of them joinedthe research project?完成完成句子句子（4）将一段管子与相邻的管子连接起来。one section of pipe the next.tojoininginJointo12.break away from.离开离开.;脱离脱离.;突然挣脱突然挣脱.break(broke,broken)break down 出故障;垮掉;失败;打破;消除break in 打断;插嘴;破门而入(=break into)brea
10、k into cheers/laughter/tears 突然欢呼/大笑/哭起来break off 中断;折断;断绝break out (火灾、战争等)突然爆发break through 冲破;突破break up (使)破碎;(使)(关系等)破裂;分解;驱散have/take a short break 休息一小会at the break of day/at daybreak 拂晓时分1.If you go on working like that,you will break _ sooner or later.2.With so many problems unsettled,a few
11、 countries wanted to break _ _ the Union.downaway from3.However,the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and to form its own government.4.If you go on working like that,you will sooner or later.5.In my opinion,marriage based on money is likely to.6.Fire during the night.broke awaybreak downbreak u
12、pbroke out13.belong to 属于（不用于被动语态和进行时态）belongings n.（pl.）所有物；财产，财物 personal belongings 个人财物，私人用品 belonging n.U归属 a sense of belonging 归属感1.Having sold most of his(belong),he almost had nothing left in the house.2.In my opinion,youd better put the book it belongs.3.The wooden house(belong)to me is be
13、ing decorated now.belongingswherebelonging4.单句写作离开教室之前记得带走属于你的所有东西。Remember to take everything that belongs to you before leaving the classroom.Remember to take everything belonging to you before leaving the classroom.14.as well as 同（也一样）;和；还【注意】as well as连接主语时，谓语动词应与as well as前面的主语保持人称和数的一致（就远原则）。1
14、.The movie star as well as a lot of fans _(be)photographed a lot by TV stations and newspapers 2.Students should develop their own interests as well as _(do)their schoolworkwasdo1.Amy,as well as her brothers,(give)a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.2.The deadline for the project
15、is around the corner,so we as well get some help.3.As well as(have)difficulty adapting herself to the new school life,she found the culture difference was another challenge for her.was givenmay/mighthaving4.单句写作:阅读可以拓宽我们的视野，还可以提高我们的写作能力。Reading can broaden our horizons as well as improve our writing
16、 skills15.currency n.通货;货币 money n.钱 paper currency 纸币 cash n.现金 bill/note n.纸币 coin n.硬币16.military adj.军事的;军用的 military training 军训 military defence 军事力量17.defence n.防御；保卫 (vt.)保护；保卫 defence n.in defence of 为为辩护；捍卫，保卫辩护；捍卫，保卫 defence against 抵御抵御 come to ones defence 出来保护某人出来保护某人 defend(vt.)保护；保卫保
17、护；保卫defend/protect/keep/preserve.from/against.保护保护免受伤害；保卫免受伤害；保卫 defend oneself against.为自己辩护为自己辩护1.The town walls were built as a defence _ enemy attacks.2.Two rescue workers came to his _(defend)when the accident happened.3.All the policemen have been trained to defend themselves _ the sudden atta
18、cks.against defence from/against 18.legal adj.合法的合法的 legally adv.合法地合法地 illegal adj.不合法的不合法的 illegally adv.不法地不法地 law n.法律法律 19.surround（vt.）围绕，包围surroundings npl 周围的环境be surrounded by/with 被包围surround.with.用包围surrounding adj.周边的 in.surroundings 在.环境之中This county is surrounded rolling green hills do
19、tted with sheep and cattle.The(surround)villages have been included into the growing city.The buildings have been designed to blend in with their _(surround).by/withsurroundingsurroundingsThe tall building in the distance is home to my fathers company.The tall building is surrounded by a great many
20、big trees.The tall building is home to my fathers company.(用分词作定语改写)The tall building _is home to my fathers company.(用定语从句改写)surrounded by a great many big trees in the distancewhich is surrounded by a great many big trees in thedistance20.evidence n.证据；证明证据；证明 evident adj.明显明显的；明白的的；明白的There is ev
21、idence that.有有证据证明证据证明 不可数名词不可数名词in evidence 显眼；显而易见显眼；显而易见evidently adv.明显明显地地；据说；据说It is evident that 很明显很明显There is no evidence _ the meeting actually took place_(evidence),the Spanish team is likely to win the World CupThe police are always _ evidence at football matches很明显他是有罪的。thatEvidentlyinI
22、t is evident that he is guilty Evidently,he is guilty 20.(1)a sense of achievement成就感 make an achievement 取得成就 (2)achieve vt完成;达到 achieve ones goal 达到目标 achieve ones success 取得成功 21.location n.地方地方;地点地点;位置位置 locate v.使位于使位于;确定准确地点确定准确地点be located in/at/to 位于位于;坐落在坐落在 1.The ancient people built tower
23、s in different _（locate）for military defence.2.China _（locate）in the east of Asia with the area of about 9,600,000 square kilometres.3.Mount Huang _（位于）Anhui Province.locations is located is located in 22.conquer v.占领占领;征服征服;控制控制23.battle n.战役战役;搏斗搏斗 v.搏斗搏斗;奋斗奋斗 war -campain -battle -fightbattle aga
24、inst/with 与战斗battle for 为而战She has _ cancer for two years.battled against/with24.port n.港口港口 import 进口进口 export 出口出口 airport 机场机场25.fascinating adj.极有吸引力的极有吸引力的;迷人的迷人的 fascinating adj.迷人的迷人的 fascinated adj.着迷的着迷的 fascinate v.迷住，使着迷迷住，使着迷26.keep your eyes open（for）留心留心；留意；留意keep it up 坚持干，继续坚持干，继续苦干苦
25、干keep up 保持；继续保持；继续keep up with 跟上；保持同步；和跟上；保持同步；和保持联系保持联系keep back 阻止；阻止；隐瞒隐瞒keep away（from）避免接近（避免接近（）keep sb.from doing.阻止某人做阻止某人做keep on 继续继续 keep in touch with 和和.保持联系保持联系如果留意观察，你可以了解很多。If you，you can learn a great deal.我知道这不容易，但要坚持下去！别放弃！I know its hard，but!Dont give up!我感觉他隐瞒着某件事。I got the fe
26、eling he was.许多人跟不上技术的发展。Many people cannot the development of technology keep it upkeep your eyes open keeping something backkeep up with27.charge v.收收费费;指控指控;主管主管;充充电电 n.主管主管;收费收费;主管主管free of charge:免费免费charge(.)for.（向）收（向）收.的费用的费用take charge of:负责负责;主管主管be in charge of:负责负责;主管主管be in the charge o
27、f:由由负责负责/主管主管v.n.收费收费,要价要价get charged:受指控受指控charge sb with:指控指控v.n控告控告n.掌管掌管,负责负责单句填空We have enough confidence to charge you abuse of power.The generous owner of the pub charged us only a small amount of money wine and beer.Your order will be delivered free charge within a ten-mile limit.He cant tak
28、e charge the computer company because it is beyond his ability.withforof of 他不能掌管这个项目,因为这超出了他的能力。The programme cant be because it is beyond his ability.He cant be the programme because it is beyond his ability.in his chargein charge of这家公司在格林小姐的掌管之下。Miss Green is the company.The company is Miss Gree
29、n.The company is .in charge ofin the charge ofin Miss Greens charge28.announce vt.宣布；通知；声称announce sth.to sb.=announce to sb.sth.向某人宣布某事 announce that.宣布As is announced.据报道It is announced that.据报道 make an announcement 宣布通告Professor Wang is announced _ _(come)to make a speech about his adventures at
30、sea.I will always _ my goals _ the world.(announce)单句写作：正如新闻所说，单句写作：正如新闻所说，78岁的拜登岁的拜登(Biden)将成为美国的新一届将成为美国的新一届总统。总统。to comeannounce toAs is annouced in the news,the 78-year-old Biden will become the new president of the United States.29.amount to 等于;达到 “许多/大量”集合:(1)a number of只接可数名词复数。(2)a great dea
31、l of,a great amount of(large amounts of)只接不可数名词。(3)a lot of(lots of),plenty of,a large quantity of(large quantities of)既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。1.With more forests being destroyed,a large amount of good earth _(be)being washed away each year.2.There _(be)large amounts of valuable information about the Oly
32、mpic Games.3.To my disappointment,a large amount of money_ (waste)so far.4.A number of high buildings _(arise)where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.is arehas been wasted have arisen 30.approach（v.）接近（）接近（n.）接近）接近the approach of.的来临做某事的方法 the approach to doing sththe way to do/of doing sththe
33、means of doing sththe method of/for doing sthThe job market has changed and our approach to(find)work must change as well.(approach)the city centre,we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height.findingApproachingAt the approach of the summer vacation,Im planning to travel to many places.,Im pla
34、nning to travel to many places.(状语从句),Im planning to travel to many places.(with复合结构)As the summer vacation is approachingWith the summer vacation approaching31.ensure vt.保证；确保；担保（=make sure）单句单句语法填空语法填空（1）I cant（sure）that he will be there on time.完成句子完成句子（2）Please（确保）all the windows are closed.The
35、storm is approaching.（3）The polices duty is to（确保的安全）citizens.ensuremake sureensure the safety of generous adj.慷慨的，大方的慷慨的，大方的 be generous to sb.对某人慷慨对某人慷慨 be generous with sth.在某方面大方，不吝啬某物在某方面大方，不吝啬某物 Its generous of sb.to do sth.某人做某事真是慷慨。某人做某事真是慷慨。generously adv.慷慨地，大方地慷慨地，大方地 generosity n.慷慨，大方慷慨
36、，大方 mean adj.吝啬的，小气的吝啬的，小气的32.generous She herself lived a simple or rather poor life but she was so generous _ the people in need of help.While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign,Bridges said the only goal was to show _and sympathy.(generous)他因慷慨解囊而得到好名声。他因慷慨解囊而得到好名声。He got a fine f
37、ame for _his money to help others.to generosity being generous with 当 position,situation,point,case,stage 等表示抽象地点的名词作先行词且关系词在从句中作状语时，定语从句常用 where 引导。in place/position 在合适的地在合适的地方方 out of place/position 在不合适的地方在不合适的地方 33.position n.位置；姿态；职位1.Ensure that everything is _ position when we come back to t
38、he room.2.Im sorry if I put you _ an awkward position.3.If a container catches liquid,it is in a position _ the liquid falls into it.in in where 34.(1)be eager to do sth渴望做某事 be eager for sth渴望得到某物(2)eagerly adv.热切地;急切地(3)eagerness n.热切;渴望 with eagerness热切地;急切地 hide ones eagerness掩饰某人的渴望He is eager_
39、 his parents approval.（湖南卷单选）湖南卷单选）I wasnt able to hide my _when I asked,“What do you wish me to do now?”.(eager)Some of us were confident and eager _(take)part inthe class activity;others were nervous and anxious.单句写作：他总是渴望新的经历，而且乐意尝试。for eagerness to take He is always eager for new experiences and
40、 willing to try.35.feast n.盛盛宴宴;宴会宴会;节日节日(宗教节日宗教节日)a wedding feast 婚宴婚宴a visual feast 视觉盛宴视觉盛宴Sense n.感感官官 v.感觉到；意思到；觉察到感觉到；意思到；觉察到the sense of sight/smell/hearing/touch/taste 视觉/嗅觉/听觉/触觉/味觉 a sense of humor/direction/balance 幽默感；方向感；平衡感37.sensory adj.感觉的;感官的a striking image 引人注目的形象a striking differ
41、ence/feature 显著的差异/特征in striking contrast to 鲜明的对照 strike n.罢罢工工;v.碰碰撞撞;敲钟敲钟 strike-struck-struckA good idea hit/struck sb that 某人突然想到某人突然想到 38.striking adj.引人注目的；显著的；惊人的；打击的39.crowd v.挤满挤满;使拥挤使拥挤 n.人群人群;一群人一群人;观众观众;民众民众;群众群众 a crowd of/crowds of 一大群一大群;很多很多 crowd in(on sb)(想法想法)涌上心头涌上心头 crowd into sth 大批涌入大批涌入.crowded adj.拥挤的拥挤的;挤满的挤满的 be crowded with.挤满挤满1.In _(crowd)places like airports and railway stations,you must take care of your luggage.2.In the courtyard of a farmhouse,there is a herd of cattle and _(一群人）.crowdeda crowd of peopleTHANKSTHANKS
