1、Discover useful structures P17 Unit 2 Bridging Cultures Be able to review the functions of noun clausesBe able to understand the meaning of noun clauses in different contextBe able to use noun clauses properly in writing一、名词性从句的引导词名词性从句相当于名词,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。如何判断？主语从句在谓语动词前宾语从句在谓语动词、介词后表语从句在系动
2、词后同位语从句在名词后，对该名词解释说明 常见引导词语法功能连接副词when,why,where,how主要作状语,有时可作表语连接代词what(ever),which(ever),who(ever),whom(ever),whose作主语、表语、宾语或定语从属连词that,whether,if不充当成分二、连接副词引导的名词性从句1.主语从句Why he is often absent from class is a mystery.他为什么经常缺课是个谜。It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。(
3、It为形式主语,where we shall have the meeting为真正主语)二、连接副词引导的名词性从句2.宾语从句I cant imagine how he did it.我不能想象他是如何做的这件事。It all depends on how we solve the problem.这完全要看我们如何解决这个问题。3.表语从句The problem is where we should stay.问题是我们应该待在哪里。二、连接副词引导的名词性从句4.同位语从句I have no idea why he didnt accept the present.我不知道为什么他不接
4、受礼物。三、连接代词引导的名词性从句Who will win the match is still unknown.谁会赢得这场比赛还未知晓。试比较以下这组句子:What they need is a good textbook.他们需要的是一个好课本。Whatever he likes will be given to him.他喜欢的任何东西都会给他。三、连接代词引导的名词性从句其中,what=the thing(s)that,意为:的东西;whatever=anything that,意为:的任何东西。what强调具体的事物本身,而whatever则不是为了指明具体的某件事物。四、tha
5、t引导的名词性从句1.that从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语 1)It+be+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that 从句It is certain that she will do well in her exam.可以肯定她会考得很好。四、that引导的名词性从句1.that从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语 2)It+be+名词词组(no wonder,an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surpri
6、se,etc.)+that 从句Its no surprise that our team has won the game.我们队已经赢了那场比赛,这并不令人惊奇。四、that引导的名词性从句1.that从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语 3)It+be+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that从句It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.据说格林先生已经到北京了。四、that引导的名词性从句1.that从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语
7、 4)It+动词或动词短语(seem,appear,happen,matter,turn out,prove,occur,etc.)+that从句It happened that he was out.他碰巧出去了。It proves that he is silly.事实证明他很愚蠢。四、that引导的名词性从句2.that从句作宾语1)及物动词、be sure、介词in/except+that从句Do you know(that)he has joined the army?你知道他参军了吗?He is a good student except that he is a little b
8、it careless.他是个好学生,就是有点儿粗心。四、that引导的名词性从句2.that从句作宾语2)及物动词+it+宾补+that从句He has made it clear that he will not give in.他不会屈服的,这一点他已经明确表示了。四、that引导的名词性从句2.that从句作宾语3)某些动词或动词短语(hate,like,dislike,appreciate,see to,depend on等)+it+that从句You should depend on it that I shall always help you.你要相信我会一直帮助你的。四、th
9、at引导的名词性从句3.that从句作表语,that一般不省略My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 oclock tomorrow morning.我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。五、whether/if(是否)引导的名词性从句1.用法相同之处1)whether和if都能引导宾语从句,常置于see,ask,learn,tell,wonder,doubt,find out等动词(短语)之后。He asked me whether/if I could help him.他问我是否能帮助他。五、whether/if(是否)引导的名词性
10、从句1.用法相同之处2)whether和if都可用在it作形式主语的从句中。Its uncertain whether/if hell come this evening.他今晚是否来还不确定。五、whether/if(是否)引导的名词性从句1.用法相同之处3)在be uncertain/doubtful之后,常用whether引导宾语从句,有时也可以用if。We are uncertain whether/if Mary will come.我们不确定玛丽是否会来。五、whether/if(是否)引导的名词性从句2.用法不同之处1)whether可置于句首引导主语从句,而if不能。Wheth
11、er the meeting will be held is still a problem.是否将开会仍然是个问题。五、whether/if(是否)引导的名词性从句2.用法不同之处 2)whether可用在介词之后,引导宾语从句,而if则不能。Success depends on whether we make enough effort.成功取决于我们是否足够努力。五、whether/if(是否)引导的名词性从句2.用法不同之处 3)whether可引导表语从句,if则不能。The question is whether it is worth doing.问题是它是否值得做。五、whet
12、her/if(是否)引导的名词性从句2.用法不同之处 4)在名词之后引导同位语从句时,用whether而不用if。The question whether it is right depends on the result.它是对是错的问题要看结果。五、whether/if(是否)引导的名词性从句2.用法不同之处 5)whether后可接不定式,而if不能。Please tell us whether to go or stay here.请告诉我们是走还是待在这里。五、whether/if(是否)引导的名词性从句2.用法不同之处 6)在有些动词(如discuss)之后,只能用whether,
13、而不用if引导宾语从句。We discussed whether we should close the shop.我们讨论了是否应该关掉商店。五、whether/if(是否)引导的名词性从句2.用法不同之处 7)在引导否定概念的宾语从句时,只能用if,而不用whether。He asked me if I hadnt finished my work.他问我是否还没有完成工作。易混易错点突破一、that与what引导名词性从句的区别代词区别例句that不可省略(宾语从句除外),在从句中不作成分,没有词义That he will succeed is obvious.显然,他会成功。what不
14、可省略,在从句中作成分,有词义What she told me is not true.她所告诉我的不是真的。易混易错点突破二、why 与 because 引导表语从句的区别why强调结果,because强调原因。I had a cold.Thats why I didnt attend school.我感冒了,因此我没上学。I didnt attend school.Thats because I had a cold.我没上学,那是因为我感冒了。易混易错点突破三、doubt后的名词性从句doubt作动词时其后的宾语从句与作名词时其后的同位语从句肯定形式否定形式I doubt whether
15、/if its true.我怀疑它是不是真实的。I have some doubt whether he will come.他是否会来,我有些疑问。I dont doubt that you are honest.我不怀疑你的诚实。There is no doubt that we will win.毫无疑问,我们会赢。Combine each pair of sentences using the words in brackets.Practice1 The advisor talked about maintaining reasonable expectations when stu
16、dying abroad.His words were quite helpful to May.(What)_ _2 Students have to write countless research papers as part of their coursework.This was not something that Chen Hao was ready for.(that)_ _ _3 Who will be the successful applicant for the summer job at the law firm?This is the question.(who)_
17、 _What the advisor talked about maintaining reasonable expectations when studying abroad was quite helpful to May.That students have to write countless research papers as part of their coursework was not something that Chen Hao was ready for.The question is who will be the successful applicant for t
18、he summer job at the law firm.4 Exposure to another culture and its people can give exchange students great insights into the outside world.This is an advantage of studying abroad.(that)_5 Schools in the States are quite multicultural,with students and teachers from many different ethnic backgrounds
19、.This impressed Liu Yang.(that)_6 Should she stick to her own way of life or follow the American way?This is her confusion.(whether)_An advantage of studying abroad is that exposure to another culture and its people can give exchange students great insights into the world.It impressed Liu Yang that
20、schools in the States are quite multiculural,with students and teachers from many different ethnic backgrounds.Her confusion is whether she should stick to her own way of life or follow the American way.Production Complete the passage with AD from the box.A that he enjoys being with Chinese peopleB
21、how he can learn to appreciate it more deeplyC what impressed him firstD that people can eat almost everything with chopsticksAfter just a few months in China,Leon,an exchange student fromGermany,says that he has fallen in love with Chinese culture._was the Chinese food.He couldnt believe how many d
22、ifferent kinds of Chinese food there are!Something else he found impressive was _.Then theres Chinas colourful culture,from art to music,and calligraphy to literature._ remains an important goal for him as he is truly fascinated by it.Leon is also amazed by the convenience of cashless payments in Ch
23、ina.He can go outside without any need for cashall he needs is his mobile phone!The biggest reason why he loves China,however,is_.He has made great friends herefriends that he will still remember long after his departure.CDBA3 What other things do you think might attract international students to Ch
24、ina?Learning more about traditional Chinese medicineExperiencing the technology boom and all the fast and convenient ways via apps on your smartphoneSeeing important historical monuments such as the Great Wall and the Terracotta Warriors Museum Talk about Xie Leis experience by completing the follow
25、ing sentences with your own words.1 That.made Xie Lei confused at first.2 It surprised Xie Lei that.3 What Xie Leis tutor wanted to say was that.4 The motivation for Xie Lei to study abroad was that.3Work in pairs:1 That people in London speak fast and use unfamiliar words made Xie Lei confused at f
26、irst.2 It surprised Xie Lei that her host family are so keen to learn about China.3 What Xie Leis tutor wanted to say was that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas.4 The motivation for Xie Lei to study abroad was that she wanted to learn about global business and
27、improve her English so that she could set up a business in China after graduation.Xie Lei studying abroadThat people in London speak fast and use familiar words made Xie Lei confused at first.It surprised Xie Lei that her host family are so keen to learn about China.What Xie Leis tutor wanted to say
28、 was that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas.The motivation for Xie Lei to study abroad was that she wanted to learn about global business and improve her English so that she could set up a business in China after graduation.Xie Lei said that besides studying hard,she also participated in various social activities.Acting as a cultural messenger is what she didnt expect to do before going abroad.
