1、Discover Useful Structure:过去完成时态Teaching objectives:In this class,you will1.recognize and summarize the meaning,form and use of the past perfect tense and the past perfect passive voice;2.use the past perfect tense and the past perfect passive voice to describe a situation that happened in the past.
2、一、什么是过去完成时？表示过去某一时间或动作之前发生的动作或状态，以及对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果。例：1.By nine oclock last night,we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.2.All the tickets had been sold out when they arrived.I had finished my work before I went out to play football.He told me a story that I had heard many times.I arrived at t
3、he station and found that the train had gone.Read the following sentences and pay attention to the words in red and pink.presentfuturepastpast perfect过去完成时结构：过去完成时结构：had(not)+done意义：过去完成时：表示过去某一过去完成时：表示过去某一时间时间或某一或某一动作动作之前发生且已经完成的之前发生且已经完成的动作或状态。动作或状态。主动语态构成:被动语态构成:had donehad been done二、过去完成时的构成基本结
4、构：had动词过去分词(1)肯定句：主语had动词过去分词其他。(2)否定句：主语hadnot动词过去分词其他。He had already been to New York earlier in the week.本周早些时候他去过纽约。At that time we hadnt met her.那时我们还没有见到她。(3)疑问句：Had主语动词过去分词其他？肯定回答：Yes，主语had.否定回答：No，主语hadnt.Had you visited here before?Yes,I had./No,I hadnt.(4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组had主语 过去分词其他？Where h
5、ad you been before you came here?(5)被动语态：主语had(not)been动词过去分词 其他。By the end of last year all the preparatory work had been done.三、过去完成被动时基本用法 1.表示过去某一时间或某一动作前已发生且已完成的动作或状态。如：The work had been finished by us by nine o clock yesterday.Grace realized a mistake had been made by her.The project had been
6、completed by the end of 1999.2叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事 情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常 使用过去完成时。Mr.Smith died yesterday.He had been a good friend of mine.3.在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述过去的 事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。I returned the book that I had borrowed.4.过去完成时常常用在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这 时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作
7、之前。He said that he had known her well.I thought I had sent the letter a week before.5.状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。如：when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导 的复合句。When I woke up,it had already stopped raining.She didnt go to bed until she had finished her work.注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去
8、完成时，特别是在包含before和after的复合句中，因为从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。例:We had hoped that you would be able to visit us.I had meant to take a good holiday this year,but I was not able to leave.6动词think，want，hope，mean，plan，intend 等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希 望、打算或意图等。1)用于用于wish后的宾语从句中，表示对后的宾语从句中，表示对过去未做成过去
9、未做成的事情的的事情的某种感某种感叹或愿望叹或愿望。如：。如：I wish I (be)there at that time.那时候我要在那儿就好了。（事实上我不在那儿。）那时候我要在那儿就好了。（事实上我不在那儿。）I wish I (tell)him about it.我要是我要是没没告诉他那事就好了。（事实上我告诉他告诉他那事就好了。（事实上我告诉他了了。）。）had beenhad not told2)用于用于对对过去事实过去事实进行进行虚拟的条件句虚拟的条件句中。如：中。如：If I had hurried,I wouldnt have missed the train.如果我快点的
10、话，我就不会误了火车。如果我快点的话，我就不会误了火车。If you had been at the party,you would have met him.如果你去了晚会，你就会见到他的。如果你去了晚会，你就会见到他的。3)过去完成时常用在引述动词过去完成时常用在引述动词一般过去时后一般过去时后的的间接引语间接引语中。中。They said that they had planted the trees on the hillside.他们说他们把树种在山坡上了。他们说他们把树种在山坡上了。Jack told me he （read）the book before.杰克告诉我他以前读过那本
11、书。杰克告诉我他以前读过那本书。Julie said she （go）to see him the day before.朱莉说她前一天已经去看过他。朱莉说她前一天已经去看过他。had readhad gone 4)think，want，hope，plan，intend，mean和和suppose等词的等词的过去过去完成时完成时可以用来表示可以用来表示本来要做而没做或无法做的事本来要做而没做或无法做的事，或，或没有实现的没有实现的希望或意图希望或意图。Eve had hoped to see more of China.伊芙曾希望在中国多观光一番。伊芙曾希望在中国多观光一番。I had int
12、ended to be there on time.我本打算准时去的。我本打算准时去的。动词动词think,want,hope,mean,plan,intend,wish,expect,suppose等用过去完成时来表示等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图望、打算或意图等。等。1.We had intended to have a barbecue in the open air,but the weather was bad.2.I _(wish)to become a doctor,but I studied law at college.3.Th
13、ey _(plan)to see us off at the airport.had plannedhad wished 5)用在用在“主语主语+had hardly/scarcely(no sooner)+过去分词过去分词+when(than)从句从句”句型中，主句用句型中，主句用过去完成时过去完成时，从句用，从句用一般过去时一般过去时。The party had hardly started when Joe left.I had no sooner got back to the kitchen than the doorbell rang.I had no sooner reached
14、 home than it began to rain.当当hardly/scarcely,no sooner位于句首时，主句要位于句首时，主句要倒装倒装。Hardly had we left the house when it began to rain.Hardly Laura sat down when the phone rang.No sooner I walked in the door than they （arrive）.had had arrived(6)用于用于过去完成时过去完成时的时间状语：的时间状语：by+过去时间点；过去时间点；by the end of+过去时间点；
15、过去时间点；by the time+过去时间点；过去时间点；before+过去时间点过去时间点。I (finish)reading the novel by 9 oclock last night.By the end of that year,Henry (collect)more than a thousand postcards.They (plant)600 trees before last Wednesday.By the time they arrived,we (get)everything ready.had finishedhad collectedhad plantedh
16、ad got(7)用在用在“It was the+序数词序数词+time(that)sb had done”或者或者“It was the+形容词最高级形容词最高级+名词名词+(that)sb had done”句型中句型中(从句用过去完成时从句用过去完成时)It was the first time(that)I (be)to Shanghai.It was the most inspiring performance I (watch).(8)用在用在“It was+一段时间一段时间+since sb had done句型中句型中(从句用过去完成时从句用过去完成时)It was at le
17、ast three months since I (leave)Beijing.had watchedhad beenhad left归纳：过去完成时的常见时间状语和句型by/until/before/by the end of+过去某时间点过去某时间点hardly/scarcely/barely.when.no sooner.than;It was the first/second time that.过去完成时与一般过去时过去完成时与一般过去时1.过去完成时：在过去某一时间或动作过去完成时：在过去某一时间或动作之前之前已经发生或完成已经发生或完成了的动作，表示动作发生的时间是了的动作，表示
18、动作发生的时间是过去的过去过去的过去。一般过去时：过去一般过去时：过去某一时间某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。所发生的动作或存在的状态。2.过去完成时：助动词过去完成时：助动词had+动词的过去分词，助动词动词的过去分词，助动词had没没有有人称和数的变化。人称和数的变化。一般过去时：动词的过去式一般过去时：动词的过去式did/were/was。1.She returned home and _(find)all her furniture _ (ruin)by the flood.2.This Monday morning I was informed I _ (choose)as one
19、 of three exchange students from our college.3.Arthur was surprised because the tornado _(take)the feathers off his chickens.4.He _(try)to drive back to his home before the flood passed through the village.foundhad been ruinedhad been chosenhad takenhad tried1.Before I knew it an hour _(pass)and it
20、was time to move on to lunch.全国III卷2.Like many military medals,the one Zacs mother _(find)was a family treasure.浙江卷3.A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who_(trap)in the mountains for two days.北京卷4.Mabry said he (not plan)to do much for his milestone birthday,so he was happy that the
21、 students (prepare)the surprise celebration.天津卷had passedhad foundhad been trappedhadnt plannedhad prepared 句型转换：A:The chef had set up a farm to table restaurant before his new cookbook workbook was published.B:A new farm to table restaurant _by the chef before his new cookbook was published.A:They
22、had finished their dinner by the time Sam joined them.B:Their dinner _by the time Sam joined them.had been set up had been finished Complete the two conversations with the correct forms of the words in the box using the past perfect tense or the past perfect passive voice.(p29)arrive cancel eat fini
23、sh get taste tell1.Carol:_ you ever _ any Scottish food before your trip to St Andrews last year?Paul:No,not really.But I _ about haggis many times before we went there.Carol:Oh Did you try it?Paul:Oh,yes!You know what?We _ late for supper that day,and so we just ate whatever was left in the univers
24、ity canteen.We _ our meal before we _ learnt we just _ haggis!Carol:My goodness!Paul:Well,it was not bad.I have to say Hadtastedhad been toldarrivedhad finishedhadeaten 2.Carol:When I got to the teahouse yesterday,I found nobody there._it _?Paul:Oh,Im so sorry that I forgot to tell you!The get-toget
25、her was cancelled yesterday morning because Sally,the hostess,_ into a car accident.Carol:Oh,Im sorry to hear that.Hope Sally recovers soon!arrive cancel eat finish get taste tellHadbeen cancelledhad got【即学即练即学即练】翻译句子。翻译句子。1)到上个月底为止，我已经学了四千个单词。到上个月底为止，我已经学了四千个单词。2)他做完作业后，出去踢足球了。他做完作业后，出去踢足球了。3)我回到家时
26、，她已经锁了门。我回到家时，她已经锁了门。4)Jim于于2019年去世的。年去世的。5)上周五他非常忙。上周五他非常忙。I had learned 4,000 words by the end of last month.After he had done his homework,he went out to play football.By the time/When I got home,she had locked the door.Jim died in 2019.He was very busy last Friday.be动词;表示变化的词：go,get,turn,become.Grammar Rules时态结构用法一般过去时主动:_动作发生在_被动:_过去完成时主动:_动作发生在_被动:_did/was/werewas/were donehad donehad been done过去的某个时间 过去的某个时间/动作 之前 Review the words and grammar.Use the past perfect passive to talk about what had happened before you started a new habit of you own(at least 5 sentences).
