1、选择性必修二选择性必修二UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTSJohn snow defeats“king cholera”Who is he?Archimedes(阿基米德)Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?Who is he?Who is he?Who put forwar
2、d a theory about black holes?Who is he?Who is he?John Snow(1813-1858)John Snow was born in York on March 15th,1813,the oldest of nine children.YorkLondonJohn Snow Defeats“King Cholera”The text is mainly about _ and _ he defeated king cholera.howhowJohn SnowJohn SnowSTAGES IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH Draw
3、 a conclusion Collect data Ask a question Find a problem Analyse the results Find supporting evidence Think of a method Para.11.Whats the problem?2.Whats Johns decision?Cholera causes_diarrhoea,dehydration,and even death.In the eary19th century,when an _of cholera_Europe,millions of people died_the
4、diease.John never lost his _ to _ cholera once and for all.severehitfromoutbreakdestroydesireCholera used to be a _diseasePara.21.What are the two theories?Which theory did John Snow think was reasonable?2.What did John Snow ready to do when another outbreak hit London in 1854?The two theoriesuChole
5、ra was caused by an _from _ in _._ caused the disease.Bad airinfectiongermsfood or waterHe began to _ and was determined to _ investigatefind out why.used to do sth 过去过去是，曾经是是，曾经是one of the most feared diseases 最令人恐惧的疾病之一最令人恐惧的疾病之一in the early 19th century 在在19世纪初世纪初millions of.成千上万的成千上万的，无数的，无数的.di
6、ed from.死于死于.in time 迟早迟早;最后最后;经过一段时间之后经过一段时间之后rise to do sth 上升到上升到能做某事能做某事attend to sb/sth 处理处理.;料理料理.;照顾照顾.give birth(to sb)生（孩子）生（孩子）;生育；产生生育；产生lose ones desire to do 失去做某事的欲望失去做某事的欲望once and for all 最终地；彻底地最终地；彻底地used to do sth one of the most feared diseasesin the early 19th centurymillions of
7、.died from.（环境、事故）（环境、事故）外因外因 VS die of 死于内因（疾病、衰老）死于内因（疾病、衰老）in time 及时及时 VS on time 准时、按时准时、按时 rise to do sth rise to sth 有能力处理某事有能力处理某事/进圈套进圈套attend to sb/sthgive birth(to sb)lose ones desire to do once and for allin general 通常；大体上；一般而言，总的来说通常；大体上；一般而言，总的来说have two contradictory theories 有两种截然不同的
8、看法有两种截然不同的看法subscribe to sth 同意同意.;赞同赞同.;定期订购定期订购/缴纳缴纳/捐款捐款need proof 需要证据需要证据in two particular streets 在两个特定的街道上在两个特定的街道上the cholera outbreak 霍乱爆发霍乱爆发;霍乱疫情霍乱疫情so.that.如此如此.以至于以至于.die in ten days 十天内死掉十天内死掉be determined to do sth 决心做某事决心做某事in general 通常；大体上；一般而言，总的来说通常；大体上；一般而言，总的来说have two contradi
9、ctory theories 有两种截然不同的看法有两种截然不同的看法subscribe to sth 同意同意.;赞同赞同.;定期订购定期订购/缴纳缴纳/捐款捐款need proof 需要证据需要证据in two particular streets 在两个特定的街道上在两个特定的街道上the cholera outbreak 霍乱爆发霍乱爆发;霍乱疫情霍乱疫情so.that.如此如此.以至于以至于.die in ten days 十天内死掉十天内死掉be determined to do sth 决心做某事决心做某事e.g.His injuries are severe.severe we
10、ather conditions The courts are becoming more severe on/with young offenders.She was a severe woman who seldom smiled.【常用搭配常用搭配】be severe on/with 对对严厉严厉be severe with oneself 严于律己严于律己severely adv.很严重地很严重地;极为恶劣地极为恶劣地severity n.严重性严重性1.This illness causes severe diarrhea,dehydration,and even death.sev
11、ere adj.极为恶劣的极为恶劣的;十分严重的十分严重的 严厉的严厉的;重的重的 严厉的严厉的;苛刻的苛刻的【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1)He _ his children.他对子女很严格。他对子女很严格。2)我感到胸口剧烈疼痛。我感到胸口剧烈疼痛。_ is severe with/onI felt a severe pain in the chest.【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1)In 2020,many species of animals _(死于死于)the forest fire in Australia.2)It is well known that
12、smoking does harm to health.A lot of people _(死于死于)lung cancer and heart disease due to smoking.died from die of3.In general,doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.contradictory adj.containing or showing a contradiction 互相矛盾的；互相对立的互相矛盾的；互相对立的 be contradict
13、ory to 与与矛盾、相反矛盾、相反 e.g.His remark was contradictory to the truth.contradict v.反驳反驳;与与相矛盾相矛盾contradiction n.抵触抵触;矛盾矛盾;矛盾的说法矛盾的说法in contradiction to 与与恰恰相反恰恰相反 【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1)But the information I got was rich and varied,or even _.但我得到但我得到 的信息丰富多样，甚至相互矛盾。的信息丰富多样，甚至相互矛盾。2)People found this sort
14、 of _(contradict)reality to accept.人们觉得这矛盾的现实难以接受。人们觉得这矛盾的现实难以接受。3)He kept _ when we were arguing I think he was a bit confused.当我们争论的时候他为断自相矛当我们争论的时候他为断自相矛盾盾我认为他有点困惑了。我认为他有点困惑了。4)Your attitude is in contradiction_ your character.你的态度和你的性格相矛盾。你的态度和你的性格相矛盾。contradictorycontradictorycontradicting hims
15、elftoA:It was believed that cholera was caused by bad _ or germs in _.B:Snow_the places where the people who _ had lived C:Many deaths occurred near the _ in Broad Street.Some people _ drunk the water from the pump,and lived.A woman and her daughter died in another part of London after _.D:The pump
16、water carried _.handleconclusionevidenceprocesssolutiontheoriesRead the para 2&3 and complete that chart of how Snow found out what cause Cholera.E:The _ of the pump was removed.airfood or watermarked ondiedwater pumphadntdrinking water from the pumpcholera germsmark on a map the exact places 在地图上标记
17、出确切的位置在地图上标记出确切的位置multiple deaths 多人死亡多人死亡 some households 一些家庭一些家庭/住户住户work in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street 在剑桥街在剑桥街7号的酒吧工作号的酒吧工作be given free beer 被提供免费啤酒被提供免费啤酒suspect sb of sth/of doing sth/that.怀疑某人有怀疑某人有.罪罪be to blame for.(不好的事不好的事)对对负责任负责任die of/from sth 死于死于.move away from.从从.离开离开It seemed
18、that.看起来似乎看起来似乎.carry cholera germs携带霍乱病菌携带霍乱病菌have sth delivered to.让人把某物运到让人把某物运到.as a result of.由于由于的结果；起因的结果；起因have the handle of the pump removed 让人拆掉了水泵的把手让人拆掉了水泵的把手through this intervention通过这种干预通过这种干预be stopped in ones tracks 在自己的轨道上被遏制在自己的轨道上被遏制mark on a map the exact places 在地图上标记出确切的位置在地图
19、上标记出确切的位置multiple deaths 多人死亡多人死亡 some households 一些家庭一些家庭/住户住户work in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street 在剑桥街在剑桥街7号的酒吧工作号的酒吧工作be given free beer 被提供免费啤酒被提供免费啤酒suspect sb of sth/of doing sth/that.怀疑某人有怀疑某人有.罪罪be to blame for.(不好的事不好的事)对对负责任负责任die of/from sth 死于死于.move away from.从从.离开离开It seemed that.看起来似
20、乎看起来似乎.carry cholera germs携带霍乱病菌携带霍乱病菌have sth delivered to.让人把某物运到让人把某物运到.as a result of.由于由于的结果；起因的结果；起因have the handle of the pump removed 让人拆掉了水泵的把手让人拆掉了水泵的把手through this intervention通过这种干预通过这种干预be stopped in ones tracks 在自己的轨道上被遏制在自己的轨道上被遏制Para 4 The truth was _ the water from the Broad Street
21、pump _(infect)by waste.Moreover,Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera _ the different water companies in London.Some companies sold water from the River Thames _ was polluted _ raw waste.The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera _ those who dran
22、k pure or boiled waterMain idea?John found the truth about cholera.thathad been infectedandthat/whichbythan1.1.be infected by wastebe infected by waste2.2.be polluted by raw be polluted by raw wastewaste3.3.drink pure or boiled drink pure or boiled waterwater 4.4.water companies5.5.other cases of ch
23、oleraother cases of cholera6.6.be likely to dobe likely to do1.1.被废弃物感染被废弃物感染2.2.被未经处理的废物污染被未经处理的废物污染3.3.喝纯净水或未煮沸的水喝纯净水或未煮沸的水4.4.供水公司供水公司5.5.另外的霍乱案例另外的霍乱案例6.6.可能做某事可能做某事Para 4 phrasesPara 5 _ Snows tireless efforts,water companies began to sell clean water and _ threat of cholera around the world sa
24、w _ substantial decrease.However,cholera is still _ problem.Each year,millions of people around the world get cholera _ many die from it._(fortunate),we now know _ to prevent cholera,thanks _ the work of John Snow.Moreover,in his use of maps and statistics,Snow _(transform)the way scientists study d
25、iseases._ this reason,Snow is considered _ father of modern epidemiologyMain idea?John contributed a lot to how to prevent cholera and how to study diseases.ThroughtheaaandFortunatelyhowtotransformedForthe1.1.through his tireless through his tireless effortsefforts2.2.the threat of cholera3.3.a subs
26、tantial decrease 4.4.transform the way scientists study disease5.5.millions of people6.6.thanks to7.7.be considered(as/to be considered(as/to be)be)1.1.通过他不懈的努力通过他不懈的努力2.2.霍乱的威胁霍乱的威胁3.3.一个大幅度下降一个大幅度下降4.4.转变了科学家研究疾病的转变了科学家研究疾病的方式方式5.5.许多人许多人6.6.幸亏，由于幸亏，由于7.7.被认为是被认为是Para 5 phrasesthe threat of choler
27、a around the world saw a substantial decrease 是一个以无生命的名词词组作主语的句式。无生命的名词+see/find/witness.经历、发生、见证、目睹某事The city has seen great changes since 1990.这个城市自 1990 年以来发生了巨大的变化。有些动词，如 see，find，witness 等，可以用地点或时间名词作主语，表示某地或某时某事。Last year witnessed a severe shortage of food.去年食物严重缺乏。英汉互译这棵古树见证了人们生活水平的提高。_(2)晚上
28、他在寂静的大街上独自徘徊。_(3)The last ten years have witnessed great changes in our city._(4)The street light found the girl crying._The old tree has seen the improvement of peoples life.The quiet street found him wandering alone in the evening.我们城市在过去的十年里发生了巨大变化。女孩在路灯下哭泣。Reading Comprehension1.Which of the fol
29、lowing did John Snow think was the most important to defeat a disease?A.Finding its cause.B.Finding its cure.C.Finding its result.D.Finding its harm.A2.What made John Snow the father of modern epidemiology?A.His tireless efforts and workB.His solution to the decrease of cholera.C.His use of maps and
30、 statistics.D.His fortune of discovering the cause of the disease.C3.What can we learn from the passage?A.Polluted water was a main reason for spreading cholera.B.Broad Street and Cambridge Street had their own water pumps.C.Cholera spread through air.D.John Snow found the cause of cholera by accide
31、nt.AA:It was believed that cholera was caused by bad _ or germs in _.B:Snow_the places where the people who _ had lived C:Many deaths occurred near the _ in Broad Street.Some people _ drunk the water from the pump,and lived.A woman and her daughter died in another part of London after _.D:The pump w
32、ater carried _.handleconclusionevidenceprocesssolutiontheoriesRead the para 2&3 and complete the chart below.E:The _ of the pump was removed.airfood or watermarked ondiedwater pumphadntdrinking water from the pumpcholera germs1.Q:What _?A:Snow thought that cholera was caused by germs in food or wate
33、r.2.Q:Why _ _?A:Snow had the handle from the pump removed so that it could not be used.3.Q:How _?A:The cholera threat was defeated thanks to the work of John Snow.did Snow think cholera was caused did Snow have the handle from the pump removedwas the cholera threat defeatedAsk questionsOne way to ap
34、proach a reading passage is to ask questions about it.Asking questions can help you understand the content.It can also help you think more deeply about the topic.What questions would you ask to get the following answers?1.What was the most important tool Snow used to defeat cholera?What common medic
35、al tools,e.g.a microscope,didnt he use?Why?He used maps and statistics to analyse where the deaths occurred.He didnt use a microscope,for example.He didnt test the water,nor did he draw blood or examine patients.The reason he did not use medical equipment such as a microscope was because they did no
36、t exist during his time.2.How has John Snows work affected our daily lives?Snows work has provided readily available clean water to drink,for example,as well as an emphasis on hygiene,such as the need to wash hands after they become dirty.He also showed how to prevent cholera epidemics,and transform
37、ed the way scientists study diseases,which has allowed for more protection from once common diseases such as cholera.In order not to get infected with disease,what should we pay attention to in our daily life.Drink boiled water.Remember to wear a mask when going out.Heat the food left overnightWash your hands often.Cook raw food thoroughly.Deal with rubbish timely and properly.戴手套Thank for your attention.
