1、EnvironmentalProtectionUnit 3Reading and Thinking（Language point）that 引导定语从句与同位语从句The news that he told me is really encouraging.The news that our team has won the game is really encouraging.同位语从句的连接词不充当句子成分，但不可省略；定语从句的关系代词代替先行词在句中充当成分，充当宾语时可省略。定语从句同位语从句CLIMATE CHANGE REQUIRES THE WORLDS ATTENTIONCL
2、IMATE CHANGE REQUIRES THE WORLDS ATTENTIONWe have known about climate change for decades.There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.几十年There is little doubt that.意为“毫无疑问”同位语从句，解释说明doubt的具体内容句式分析同位语从句：大多由从属连词_引导,常常跟在fact,truth,promise,evidence,hope,thought,suggestion,idea,news,prob
3、lem,possibility,chance等抽象名词的_，一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容。that后面1.I have some doubt _ he will be elected.2.There is no doubt she will come in time.aboutThere is no doubt that.毫无疑问.There is some doubt whether.对是否有些疑问that传来了他因超速而被罚款的消息。News came _ _ _ _ _ _.that he was fined for speeding The“natural”greenho
4、use effect refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earths surface as shortwave radiation.“自然”温室效应指的是来自太阳的热量进入大气层，并以短波辐射的形式使地球表面变暖。指的是；参考，查阅；谈到，提及；有关；提交同位语从句There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weat
5、her and natural disasters worldwide,not only causing serious damage,but also costing human lives.有充分和全面的证据表明，气温上升已导致世界范围内极端天气和自然灾害的增加，不仅造成了严重的破坏，还造成了人员伤亡。同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容结果状语结果状语 现在分词作结果状语常表示意料之中、情理之中的结果，常用doing(一般式)，（having done完成式）结构，前面有时还放thus.不定式作结果状语，常表示出乎意料的结果，常用“only to do”现在分词短语在句子中还可
6、以作时间、原因、伴随等状语。1.I hurried to the bus stop,only _(find)the bus had left.2.The snow lasted a week,_(result)in serious traffic confusion in the whole area and many people bagan to feel pessimistic.3._(finish)my homework,I went to the park with Tom.to findresultingHaving finishedA warming ocean and atmo
7、sphere along with melting ice and rising sea levels provide evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate.海洋和大气的变暖以及冰川的融化和海平面的上升为全球气候的急剧变化提供了证据。along with连接前后两个主语时，谓语动词应和前面的那个主语保持一致为某人准备某物provide sth.for sb.provide sb.with sth.adj.急剧的；戏剧的1.The teacher together with some students _(be)visiting
8、the factory.2.Nobody but two students _in the classroom.3.My father,no less than I,_ a base-ball fan.is就远原则的短语有：but、except、besides、including、like、as well as、no less than、along with、in addition to、rather than、together with等。isisisIn 2013,a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar be
9、ar that was found on Norways Arctic island of Svalbard.According to the scientists who found its dead body,all that remained of the polar bear was“skin and bones”.2013年，一张关于在挪威的北极斯瓦尔巴群岛上发现了一只北极熊的尸体的照片让很多人感到震惊。根据发现北极熊尸体的科学家的说法，这只北极熊只剩下了“皮和骨头”。定语从句定语从句定语从句An expert who has studied polar bears for many
10、 years said that from the position of its dead body,the bear appeared to have starved and died.一位研究北极熊多年的专家说，从它尸体的位置看，这只熊似乎是饿死的。定语从句宾从Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before,so it had to travel greater distances in order to find
11、food.专家称，气候变化造成的海冰水位较低，意味着这只熊无法像以前那样捕猎海豹，所以为了找食物它不得不长途跋涉。过去分词短语作后置定语，宾从从句谓语动词 Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the“greenhouse effect”，which has two common meanings:the“natural”greenhouse effect and the“manmade”greenhouse effect.气候科学家经常提到一个被称为“温室效应”的重要气候过程，它有两个普遍的含义：“自然”温室效应和“人为”温室效应。定语从句adj.最重要的，主要的，关键的 result from.由造成;因而产生 as a result of.由于的结果 as a result 结果(在句中常用作插入语,相当于一个副词)The accident resulted _ the death of two passengers.His dark cycles resulted _ staying up too late.He is unable to go to school _ a result of the fall from his horse.infromas
