1、初中英语语法之句子种类句子种类句子按说话目的可分为四类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。陈述句考点：陈述句的肯定结构和否定结构。在肯定结构中，谓语动词不含否定词；否定结构是在系动词、助动词或情态动词后加not，除了not外，其他否定词，如no, hardly, never, neither, nor等，也可以构成否定句。【考例链接】按要求完成下列各题1. I was playing with my phone when my mother came in. (改为否定句)I _ _ with my phone when my mother came in.2. She often reads
2、with her daughter in the evening. (改为否定句)She _ often _ with her daughter in the evening.3. Ellen has already bought some flowers. (改为否定句)Ellen _ bought any flowers _.疑问句疑问句用来提出问题。英语中有四种疑问句：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和附加疑问句。义务教育英语课程标准要求同学们掌握前三种。考点一：一般疑问句。一般疑问句通常将系动词、助动词或情态动词放到主语前构成。一般疑问句用Yes或No来回答，其回答常用简略答语。注意
3、：回答否定式的一般疑问句时，答语中的Yes和No的含义与其汉语意思恰好相反，意为“不”和“是的”。【考例链接】按要求完成下列各题1. The Browns were watching TV when they got the phone call last night. (改为一般疑问句)_ the Browns _ TV when they got the phone call last night?2. Dr Ma laid his papers on the desk for the young doctors to study. (改为一般疑问句)_ Dr Ma _ his paper
4、s on the desk for the young doctors to study?3. Didnt he see you just now? (根据句意做出肯定或否定回答)_, he _. He said hello to me.考点二：特殊疑问句。1. 以疑问词开始，以寻求信息为目的的句子叫特殊疑问句。回答特殊疑问句时，不能用Yes或No，而要根据实际情况回答。2. 常用的疑问词有：疑问代词what, which, who, whose, whom；疑问副词when, where, why, how；疑问词组how soon, how long, how far, how often
5、, how old, how many, how much, what class, what time, what color等。3. 特殊疑问句的结构：“疑问词(不作主语)+一般疑问句语序?”或“疑问词(作主语)+谓语+其他?”。考点三：选择疑问句。选择疑问句提供两种或两种以上情况，用or连接。回答时不能用Yes或No，而要根据选择的情况进行回答。【考例链接】按要求完成下列各题1. Lee has helped the local people sell their products since he returned to his hometown. (对划线部分提问)_ _ has L
6、ee helped the local people sell their products?2. People will have robots at home in 20 years. (对划线部分提问)_ _ will people have robots at home? 3. Uncle Zhu is making a vegetable salad for dinner now. (对划线部分提问)_ _ Uncle Zhu making for dinner now?4. I improved my Chinese a lot with the teachers help. (对
7、划线部分提问)_ _ you improve your Chinese a lot?5. Do you want to join the chess club or the football club? (根据句意做出回答)_. I like playing football.祈使句考点一：肯定式祈使句的肯定式以动词原形开头，祈使句的主语一般都是第二人称you，但往往省略。有时为了强调对方时，可以写出主语you或人名。为了使语气变得委婉、客气，可在句首或句末加上please。考点二：否定式在动词原形前加dont构成否定的祈使句。考点三：祈使句+and / or+分句在句型“祈使句+and /
8、or+分句”中，祈使句相当于条件状语从句。【考例链接】. 单项选择( )1._ noise pollution, and we can live in a quiet environment.A. PreventB. PreventingC. PreventedD. To prevent( )2._ on the grass. Its a rule of the park.A. StepB. Dont stepC. To step. 按要求完成下列各题1. You shouldnt walk across the road when the light is red. (改为祈使句)_ _ a
9、cross the road when the light is red!2. You shouldnt tell lies to others and learn to be honest! （改为祈使句)_ _ lies to others and learn to be honest!感叹句感叹句表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈的感情，一般由what或how引导，句末常用感叹号。考点一：what引导的感叹句。what修饰名词，它引导的感叹句有三种句型：1. What + a / an +形容词+单数可数名词(+主语+其他)!2. What +形容词+复数可数名词(+主语+其他)!3. What
10、+形容词+不可数名词(+主语+其他)!考点二：how引导的感叹句。how修饰形容词或副词，它引导的感叹句的句型为：How +形容词 / 副词(+主语+其他)!【考例链接】. 单项选择( )1._ different life is today!Yeah. We are all living a happy and rich life now.A. What aB. HowC. What( )2._ nice weather it is! Lets go for a picnic, Frank.A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. How a( )3._ special classe
11、s we had! We have learned a lot about paper cutting.A. WhatB. What aC. How aD. How. 按要求完成下列各题1.Hollys mother made delicious zongzi yesterday. (改为感叹句)_ _ zongzi Hollys mother made yesterday!2.The volunteer worked hard to get more kids back to school. (改为感叹句)_ _ the volunteer worked to get more kids b
12、ack to school!3.What beautiful flowers they are! (改为感叹句)_ _ the flowers are!综合训练【考例链接】完成句子1. 通往成功的道路是多么艰难！_ difficult the road to _ is!2. 不要在走廊里互相追逐。Dont _ each other in the hallways.3. 她多久整理一次卧室？_4. 你曾经去过长城吗？_? 5. 我们在九月份庆祝教师节。(celebrate)_图片参考答案陈述句1. wasnt playing 2. doesnt; read 3. hasnt; yet疑问句考点一
13、：1. Were; watching 2. Did; lay 3. Yes; did考点二、考点三：1. How long 2. How soon 3. What is 4. How did5. The football club祈使句. 1-2 AB. 1. Dont walk 2. Dont tell感叹句. 1-3 BAA. 1. What delicious 2. How hard 3. How beautiful综合训练1. How; success 2. run after3. How often does she tidy up her bedroom?4. Have you ever been to the Great Wall?5. We celebrate Teachers Day in September.
