1、devote oneself to致力于，献身于，专心于致力于，献身于，专心于形容词 devoted 忠实的名词 devotion 关爱，关照；奉献，忠诚be devoted to(doing)sthdevote sth(ones life/time/energy)to(doing)sth把奉献于/献身于*earnest adj.非常认真的；诚实的，真诚的非常认真的；诚实的，真诚的The earnest young doctor answered all our questions.这个认真的年轻医生回答了我们所有的问题。in earnest 严肃地,;正式地*butterfly n.蝴蝶蝴蝶
2、have butterflies in ones stomach (做某事前)心慌，紧张literature n.文学，文学作品文学，文学作品literary adj.文学的；书面的classic literature 经典文学*shell n.A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear.(P.44)The duckling jumps free from his shell.这只小鸭子挣脱蛋壳跳了出来。贝壳；壳贝壳；壳in store(for s
3、b.)即将发生（在某人身上），等待着（某人）即将发生（在某人身上），等待着（某人）Some such experience as this lies in store for us when we begin the study of literature.(P.44)当我们开始学习文学时，我们可能就会有一些像这样的体验。storage n.贮存；存储appeal vi.vi.有吸引力；申诉；呼吁有吸引力；申诉；呼吁n.n.吸引力；申诉；呼吁吸引力；申诉；呼吁The animal rights group launched an appeal to stop commercial whalin
4、g.动物权益保护组织呼吁停止商业捕鲸。appealing adj.有吸引力的，有感染力的appeal to 向某人呼吁；上诉；对有吸引力appeal to sb to do sth/for sth=make an appeal to sb to do sth/for sth 呼吁某人做某事determinevt.vt.确定；支配；决心确定；支配；决心 vi.vi.决决心心The first step is to determine some of its significant qualities.(P.44)第一步是确定它（文学）的一些重要特质。determined adj.坚决的，坚定的d
5、etermination n.决心determine to do sth=make up ones mind to do sth 决定做某事(表示动作)be determined to do sth 决心做某事(表示状态)significant adj.有重要意义的，显著的有重要意义的，显著的The apple has had a significant change in the looking.这个苹果在外观上产生了显著的变化。The first step is to determine some of its significant qualities.(P.44)第一步是确定它（文学）
6、的一些重要特质。significance n.It is significant that.很明显attach significance to.认为重要be of significance to.对有重要意义description n.描述，形容，说明描述，形容，说明Could you please give me a description of these graphs?你能给我描述一下这些图表吗？The first quality of literature is its description of truth and beauty.(P.45)文学的第一个特质是对真与美的描写。des
7、cribe vt.描写；描述；形容descriptive adj.描写的；叙述的beyond description 难以描述give a detailed/brief description of sb/sth 对作详细的简短的说明sensitive adj.感觉敏锐的；体贴的；敏感的；灵敏的感觉敏锐的；体贴的；敏感的；灵敏的be sensitive to.对敏感；对体贴名词 sense 常识，见识；感觉官能；判断力；意义形容词 sensible 明智的；意识到的soul n.灵魂；心性，内心灵魂；心性，内心heart and soul 全心全意地She has the soul of pe
8、rseverance as she runs even in rainy days.她有坚忍不拔的精神，下雨天也照常跑步。reflect vt.&vi.反映，显示；映出（影像）；反射（声、光、热等）；沉思反映，显示；映出（影像）；反射（声、光、热等）；沉思reflect on/upon sth 认真思考；反省某事on reflection 再三考虑be reflected in 倒映在中；反映在中例句：我认为你应该反思一下你的成功和失败。I think you should reflect on your successes and failures.名词 reflection 反射；反映；映
9、像形容词 reflective 沉思的；深思的capable adj.有能力，有才能；能力强的有能力，有才能；能力强的She is a capable worker who is very good at multitasking.她是一个能干的员工，非常擅长处理多个任务。单词变形名词 capability形容词 incapablebe capable of (doing)sth 有能力做某事have the capability to do sth 有做某事的能力beyond the capability of.超出.的能力范围awaken vt.&vi.唤起，被唤起；（使）醒来唤起，被唤起
10、；（使）醒来She was awakened by the birds song.awaken to the truth 幡然醒悟launch vt.使（船）下水；开始从事，使（船）下水；开始从事，发动，发射；发行发动，发射；发行They launched the rocket into the sky.他们向空中发射火箭。launch an attack 发起攻击launch the new products 发行新产品launch a satellite 发射卫星permanence n.永久，持久性永久，持久性The permanence of the stone lion means
11、it has been with my family for generations.permanent adj.持久的；永恒的ever-lasting 永久的，经久不变的 contain vt.包含，含有，容纳，抑制；控制（感情等）；克制包含，含有，容纳，抑制；控制（感情等）；克制She was unable to contain her excitement.container 集装箱；容器contain通常用于表示所包含之物的全部或部分，通常指容器空间里所有东西。include主语和宾语属于同一范畴，用于表示后面的东西是前面的一部分，即整体与部分的关系element n.要素，基本部分要
12、素，基本部分The letters in the table represent different chemical elements.表中的字母代表不同的化学元素。elementary adj.基本的；初级的；元素的universal adj.普遍的，共同的；普遍存在的普遍的，共同的；普遍存在的The mobile phones make universal communication possible.手机使世界通讯成为了可能。universe n.宇宙；世界；领域the universe 宇宙universally adv.普遍地 It is universally acknowled
13、ged that.众所周知的是.summary n.总结，概括，概要总结，概括，概要I made a summary of this article.我对这篇文章做了一下总结。summarize vt./vi.总结；概括 in summary 总的来说 =to sum up in conclusion to concludefeature n.&vi.n.n.特色，特征特色，特征vi.vi.以以为特色，是为特色，是的特征的特征A unique feature of this plant is its birdlike flower.author n.作者，作家作者，作家co-author 合著
14、者 therefore adv.因此，所以因此，所以People are holding their umbrellas up;therefore,it must be raining outside.thus 因此issue n.&vt.n.n.重要议题，争论的问题；问题，担忧；（报刊）一期重要议题，争论的问题；问题，担忧；（报刊）一期vt.vt.宣布，公布宣布，公布Food standards for fish are an important issue being talked about in the news.鱼类食用标准成了最近新闻讨论的重要问题。a key issue 关键的问
15、题raise the issue of.提出.的问题have any issue about.在.有任何问题issue a statement 发布声明novel n.（长篇）小说；（长篇）小说；新颖的，新奇的新颖的，新奇的novelist n.小说家novel coronavirus 新型冠状病毒draw on凭借，利用凭借，利用The older boy can draw on his past experience to help his little brother.哥哥可以利用过去的经验来帮助弟弟。draw up 拟订；起草draw up a contract/list 拟订合同名单
16、draw a conclusion 得出结论upper adj.上部的；上面的上部的；上面的The upper floor is the working area,while the lower floor is the reception.楼上是办公区域，楼下是接待处。gain/get/have the upper hand 占上风；处于有利地位；有优势gap n.差距；间隙差距；间隙I leaped across the narrow gap in the mountain.我跃过山间一条狭长的缝隙。generation gap 代沟bridge/narrow the gap 缩小差距 c
17、ontext n.（事情发生的）背景，环境，来龙去脉；（事情发生的）背景，环境，来龙去脉；上下文，语境上下文，语境We need the context to choose the right answer.out of context 脱离上下文in/within the context 在.背景下specific adj.特定的；明确的，具体的特定的；明确的，具体的specifically adv.to be specific 具体来说 ought to modal v.modal v.应该，应当应该，应当When you study,you ought to sit up straigh
18、t.ought to do sth=should do sth =be supposed to do sth 应当做某事ought to have doneshould have donebe supposed to have done应该做某事（实际上没有做）（虚拟语气）particular adj.特别的，格外的；特指的；挑剔的特别的，格外的；特指的；挑剔的The names are listed in no particular order.这些名字的排列没有特定的顺序。particularly adv.特别地；尤为；格外in particular 尤其，特别be particular
19、about/over.讲究；对挑剔topic n.话题；题目；标题话题；题目；标题The topic of our discussion is saving the Earth.collection n.（同类）收藏品；作品集；募捐（同类）收藏品；作品集；募捐He has a fine collection of stamps.他收集了一些精美的邮票。collect v.collective adj.section n.部分，部门；部件，散件部分，部门；部件，散件We can see different sections of the house.这栋房子中存在不同的区域。mean adj.吝
20、啬的，小气的；不善良的，刻薄的吝啬的，小气的；不善良的，刻薄的be mean with sth.在某方面吝啬be mean to sb 对某人刻薄mean to do sth 打算做某事mean doing sth 意味着做某事be meant to do sth 注定做某事transport vt.vt.运输，运送运输，运送n.n.交通运输系统；交通车辆；运输交通运输系统；交通车辆；运输Airplanes,ships,trains and trucks are means of transporting goods.飞机、轮船、火车和卡车是运输货物的方式。transport system 运
21、输系统transport goods 运送货物transfer 转移；调动；转让；transform 改变形态，改变外观 translate 翻译transplant 移植turkey n.火鸡；火鸡肉火鸡；火鸡肉Turkey n.土耳其generosity n.慷概，大方，宽宏大量慷概，大方，宽宏大量be generous with 在.慷慨/大方be generous in doing.乐于.chapter n.章节；篇章章节；篇章Please open your books to the first chapter.poetry n.诗集，诗歌诗集，诗歌poem n 诗poet n 诗人
22、stage n.n.舞台；阶段；步舞台；阶段；步骤骤vt.vt.上演，举办上演，举办on(the)stage 在舞台上in the early stages 在早期阶段stage by stage 逐步地set the stage for.为作好准备stage 当“阶段”讲，作先行词时，表示抽象地点，其后定语从句常用where引导。*autobiography n.自传自传词根词缀auto自己+bio生命，生物+graphy记述记述自己的人生autobiography自传*biography n.传记，传记作品传记，传记作品extremely adv.极其，非常，极端极其，非常，极端Compa
23、red with the Earth,the sun is extremely large.和地球相比，太阳非常大。destroy vt.摧毁，毁灭，破坏摧毁，毁灭，破坏My dog destroyed my sofa.destruction n.毁灭；破坏destructive adj.毁灭性的defeat vt.vt.击败，战胜击败，战胜n.n.失败，战败；击失败，战败；击败败admit defeat 认输a narrow defeat 惜败attempt vt.&n.努力，尝试，试图努力，尝试，试图attempt to do sth 尝试做某事make an attempt to do
24、试图做某事in an attempt to do sth 尝试做某事at the first attempt 第一次尝试attempted 未遂的straighten vt.vt.vt.挺直；（使）变直，变挺直；（使）变直，变正正straight adj.直的；笔直的；正直的 adv.直接地；坦率地*strain n.用劲，使力；压力，拉力；重负用劲，使力；压力，拉力；重负Her kids summer course fees put her under great financial strain.孩子的暑假班费用使她面临巨大的经济压力。alongside adv.在在旁边；与旁边；与一起一
25、起A car pulled up alongside.一辆骑车在旁边停下。*accomplish vt.完成完成accomplishment n.成就；完成a sense of accomplishment 成就感noble adj.贵族的，高贵的；崇高的；宏伟的贵族的，高贵的；崇高的；宏伟的nobly adv.崇高地；高贵地；华丽地nobility n.贵族；高贵confused adj.糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的confuse vt.使困惑；混淆confusing adj.令人困惑的confusion n.困惑；混淆be/get/feel confus
26、ed about 对.感到迷惑clear up（头脑）清醒；使整洁，清理；放（头脑）清醒；使整洁，清理；放晴晴The sky clears up after the rain has fallen.雨后的天空放晴了。It is difficult for me to clear up in the morning without a cup of coffee.我早晨不喝一杯咖啡就很难清醒。be on the point of doing sth.正要做某事正要做某事She was on the point of going out when the telephone rang.她正要出去,
27、电话铃响了。*weave vi.&vt.(weaved,weaved)(weaved,weaved)迂回行进，穿行；迂回行进，穿行；(wove,woven)(wove,woven)编编weave sth(into sth)（把.）编成She was weaving in and out of the traffic.She wove the flowers into a garland(花环).*mushy adj.糊状的，软而稠的糊状的，软而稠的flash n.n.闪光；闪现闪光；闪现vt.&vi.vt.&vi.（使）闪光；（使）闪（使）闪光；（使）闪现现There was a flash when he took a picture.在他拍照时，一道闪光亮起。a flash of lightning 一道闪电in/like a flash 立即flash through sbs mind/head 在某人头脑中闪过a flash of anger/inspiration 怒上心头/突发奇想
