1、Unit 2 Natural disasterGrammar and usage:To-infinitivesPre-learning请认真阅读下列句子，感悟体会句中的动词不定式所充当的句子成分。1.To learn English well is not easy./It is not easy to learn English well.2.He seems to be in good condition.3.I find it interesting to learn English with you.4.My wish is to travel around the world.5.I
2、 was staying in Atlanta，and that was one of the cities to be hit.6.I had a difficult problem to deal with.7.I want to have a chance to further my study abroad.8.That morning，I turned on the TV for some local news，only to hear that a hurricane was on its way.9.To achieve your goal,you must devote you
3、rself to it.主语谓语宾语表语定语定语定语结果状语目的状语动词不定式的不同形式主动形式被动形式意义一般式to doto be done表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词之后完成式to have doneto have been done表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前进行式to be doing-谓语动词的动作（或情况）发生的同时，不定式的动作也正在进行完成进行式to have been doing-先于谓语动词的动作发生而又延续到谓语动词的动作发生时1参加一个会议L1-22打开电视L53有点震惊L64使某人害怕L115停电L126用完补给L137造成大量的损失和痛苦L
4、188过来帮忙 L199给慈善机构捐赠食品和衣物attend a conferenceturn on the TVa bit of a shockscare sb power failurerun out of suppliesdonate food and clothes to charitiescause a lot of damage and sufferingcome to helpAnna is interviewing her teacher,Mr Li,about his experiences during a hurricane.Find the sentences with
5、 to-infinitives.shock n.震惊,惊愕;剧烈震动vt.使震惊(2)shocked adj.感到震惊的be shocked at/by.对感到震惊(3)shocking adj.令人震惊的scare vt.&vi.惊吓,害怕 n.恐慌;惊吓(1)scare.away/off 把吓跑scare sb into/out of doing sth恐吓某人做/不做某事be scared to death 被吓死(2)scared adj.害怕的,恐惧的be scared to do sth=be scared of doing sth害怕做某事power n.电，电力;权力;政权;控
6、制力;能力;能量;力量1)in power 当权come to power 掌权;上台do all/everything in ones power to do sth某人竭尽全力做某事beyond ones power 超出某人的能力2)powerful adj.强大的;有影响的;有势力的(1)run out of 意为“用完了”，及物动词短语，表主动，主语是人。(2)run out 意为“用完了”,不及物动词短语，主语常为时间、食物、金钱等名词。(3)give out 意为“用尽;精疲力竭”，不及物动词短语。(4)use up 意为“用完;消耗尽”，及物动词短语。supply n.补给，补
7、给品;供应;供应量,储备 vt.供应,供给,提供in short supply 供应不足，短缺supply sb with sth 向某人提供某物=supply sth to sb donate vt.捐赠,赠送;献(血)(1)donate sth to.向捐赠某物(2)donation n.捐赠，捐献make a donation(of sth)to.向捐赠(某物)To-infinitives as attributives I was staying in Atlanta,and that was one of the cities to be hit.The roads were blo
8、cked,so there was nothing for me to do but stay inside.I had enough food and water to last a whole week!used to describe a noun To-infinitives as adverbials of result That morning,I turned on the TV for some local news,only to hear that a hurricane was on its way.I looked out of the window,only to s
9、ee huge trees lying across the street and water everywhere!When the to-infintive is used as an attributive,it is often put (before/after)the noun or pronoun it modifies.When the to-infintive is used as an adverbial of result,it can refer to an (expected/unexpected)result.In this case,we often use on
10、ly before the to-infinitive.afterunexpected Working out the rulesTo-infinitives as attributives and adverbials of result动词不定式作定语和状语需要注意的考点1.He was the first one to think of the idea.2.GB was the only local beach to survive the disaster without any loss of life.3.The manager is the last to come to th
11、e meeting.当修饰的名词前有the only,the next,the best,the first,the last,以及由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常常用不定式作定语。只能用动词不定式作定语的情况1.Do you have anything to say?2.There is nothing to worry about.3.I want to get something to drink.当修饰的词为something,nothing,anything等不定代词时。当定语表示未来的还没做的动作时。The letter to be written is to my father
12、.The matter to be discussed is important.只能用动词不定式作定语的情况动词不定式作结果状语的结构不定式常与only,enough或too连用，用于“too.to”，“enough to.”,“only to do”,“never to”,“so.as to.”句型中。He studied hard only to fail the exam.He is old enough to go to school.She is so proud as to look down upon others.He left home,never to return.co
13、nclusionMatch the sentences with the correct to-infinitives.1 I went to the annual earthquake workshop.2 The authorities told the local people 3 They arrived at the airport4 Before we returned home,the flood damage needed5 This was the last city_a to be cleared of people before the volcano erupted.b
14、 to be repaired.c to stay inside when the typhoon arrived.d only to find the flight had been cancelled due to the snowstorm.e to learn some safety tips.B1B2to find books about hurricanes to find he wasnt in to attendto make PPT slides for my project作目的状语作目的状语作结果状语作结果状语作定语作定语作目的状语作目的状语B3was actually
15、the first to leaveto keep us warmwanted to return home as soon as possibleonly to find it completely destroyedadvised us to take an active part in the rebuilding是第一个离开的让我们保持体温想要尽可能快的回家只发现它完全被摧毁了建议我们积极参加重建PART TEN不定式的不定式的高考真题高考真题1.(2022全国乙)_(strengthen)the connection with young people,the event inclu
16、ded a number of public promotional activities on social media2.(2022全国甲)A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked(徒步)40 days to Xian,as a first step _(journey)the Belt and Road route(路线)by foot.To strengthento journey3.(2022新高考I)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of
17、areas that were previously unprotected,bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority_(increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.to increase4.(2022新高考II)Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside.He pushed a chair onto
18、 the balcony,and climbed up _(see)them.5.(2022浙江1月)That approach brought Cobbs air travel last year down by 75%,and she plans _(continue)the practice.to seeto continue6.(2021北京)Much of this increase can be due to climate change.The findings show a critical need _ (invest)in disaster prevention.7.(20
19、21全国乙)Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim _(have)a low impact on the natural environment.to investto have8.(2020全国I)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change-4 _(find)and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.9.(2020全国II)Bamboo pla
20、nts are associated with health,abundance and a happy home.They are easy _(care)for and make great presents.10.(2020全国III)The next morning he hired a boat and set out _(find)the well-known painter.to findto careto find不定式的不定式的书面表达书面表达1.(2022全国乙)因为缺乏自律，他们更容易对网上聊天或打游戏上瘾。1.Because of their lack of self-
21、discipline,theyre more easily addicted to chatting online or playing games.2.(2022全国乙)学生们急切的是提高自律性，父母和老师们也迫切需要提高指导性。2.Its urgent for students themselves to improve their self-discipline,and its also urgent for parents and teachers to strengthen the guidance.3.(2022全国乙)目前，随着智能手机和电脑日益普及，越来越多学生正选择在教室之外
22、以各种方式学英语。3.Nowadays,with the growing popularity of smartphones and computers,an increasing number of students are choosing to learn English beyond the classroom in various ways.4.(2022全国甲)另外，我们可以分发传单号召更多的人保护海洋。4.Whats more,we can also hand out leaflets to call on more people to protect the ocean.5.(
23、2022全国甲)设置“世界海洋日”目的是提高海洋保护意识，这在全球生态系统中起关键作用。5.World Oceans Day was set up to raise awareness of protecting the oceans,which play a crucial part in global ecosystem.6.(2022全国甲)国家间应该携起手来制定切实可行保护海洋的方案。6.Countries should team up with one another to work out practical plans regarding ocean protection.7.(
24、2022新高考I)这是我第一次邀请你参加我们Talk and Talk节目。7.This is my first time that I have invited you to attend our program Talk and Talk.8.(2022新高考I)现在我们学英语有困难时，很多学生迫切知道如何解决。8.Now,when having trouble in learning English well,plenty of students urge to know how to deal with it.9.(2021全国乙)另一方面，网络学习本身也有一些不足，使我们很难不受影响。9.On the other hand,online learning itself has some imperfections,making it difficult for us not to be affected.10.(2021全国甲)因为这个活动将在网站呈现，我真诚希望你能提一些建议。10.Because this activity will be presented on the English website,I sincerely want you to offer me some advice.
