1、One day,Xiao Niu was sitting under a tree,reading.Suddenlya falling apple hit him.Oh,there was a fallen apple and many fallen leaves on the grass.One day,Xiao Niu was sitting under a tree,reading.Suddenlya falling apple hit him.Oh,there was a fallen apple and many fallen leaves on grass.sittingwaswa
2、shitreadingfallingfallenfallenCan you tell the predicate verbs and non-predicate verbs of them？动动词词谓语动词谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词连系动词am is are was were sound seem get turn 实意动词/行为动词(vt./vi)run sing learn say write助动词do does did have has will 情态动词can may must need dare不定式to do 现在分词V-ing 过去分词V-ed Find the mistake
3、s in these sentences.True or false 45.teachingInterested am interestedstudyingstudydecided workdecided to workspeakingspokenteach1.The robbers are using a stolen car.2.He looked worried after reading the letter.3.He managed to make himself understood.4.The murderer was brought in,with his hands tied
4、 behind his back.5.When asked her future plans,the girl said that she wanted to be a teacher.判断下列过去分词在句中所做的成分判断下列过去分词在句中所做的成分 1.作定语（attribute)2.作表语(predicative)4.作状语(adverbial)过去分词 3.作宾补(object complement)1 1、过去分词作定语时一般兼有、过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成被动和完成的意义。的意义。eg：a usedused stamp an injuredinjured finger a b
5、rokenbroken coin 一枚用过的邮票一枚用过的邮票一个受伤的手指一个受伤的手指一枚破损的硬币一枚破损的硬币一、过去分词作定语的含义一、过去分词作定语的含义注意：注意：a.过去分词作定语时，过去分词作定语时，有时有时只有被动意义只有被动意义。spokenspoken English 英语口语英语口语 writtenwritten exercises 书面练习书面练习 b.少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的 过去分词过去分词只有完成的意义只有完成的意义 fallenfallen leaves 落叶落叶 the risenrisen sun 升起来的
6、太阳升起来的太阳 a retiredretired teacher 一名退休教师一名退休教师 an escapedescaped prisoner 一名逃跑的囚犯一名逃跑的囚犯 想一想 什么时候用前置定语？什么时候用前置定语？什么时候用后置定语？什么时候用后置定语？单个的单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词前名词前过去分词过去分词短语短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面后面单个单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词或代 词词前面前面二、过去分词作定语的位置二、过去分词作定语的位置b.过去分词短语
7、作定语：通常后置，其作用过去分词短语作定语：通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。相当于定语从句。1.People exposed to COVID-192.the book recommended by Jack3.the machines produced last year=people who were exposed to COVID-19=the book which was recommended by Jack=the machines which were produced last yearPractice:把过去分词做定语改为定语从句把过去分词做定语改为定语从句1）The qu
8、estion discussed at the meeting was very important.=The question _ was very important.which had been discussed at the meeting注：本句中的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成。注：本句中的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成。2）The United States is a developed country.=The United Stated is a country _.三、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别三、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别 现在分词：主动现在分词：主动 或正
9、在进行或正在进行 过去分词：被动过去分词：被动 或完成或完成There are 220 children studying in the art school.The experience gained from the activity will be of great value to us.过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别：（快要淹死的人快要淹死的人已经淹死的人已经淹死的人正在飘落的树叶正在飘落的树叶落叶落叶His book _ last year sells well.His book _ now will be on sale next year.His
10、book _ next year will be his best one.The press(出版社)_ his book is famous in the city.published being published to be published publishing publish Wow,the cakes_(buy)today are perfect.boughtPractice“咦，咦，今儿买的蛋今儿买的蛋糕糕是极好的是极好的!1.Do you know the boy _(lie)under the big tree?2.The woman _(sell)vegetables
11、has gone.3.The wheat is watered by water _(bring)from a pond.4.He is a leader_(respect)by the people.He looked worried When we heard of it,we were deeply moved The door was closed at 9 oclock.The boy became frightened.动词动词-ed作作表语表语(Predicative)动词动词-ed-ed作表语并无作表语并无 完成完成 或或 被动被动 之意，之意，而是说明主语的状态或情感而是说明
12、主语的状态或情感,置于系动词之后。置于系动词之后。常见的作表语的过去分词有常见的作表语的过去分词有:amused(愉快的愉快的)；broken(碎了的碎了的)；closed(关闭的关闭的)；astonished(吃惊的吃惊的)；delighted(高兴的高兴的)；lost(丢失的丢失的)；disappointed(失望的失望的)；worried(担忧的担忧的)；注意：过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构与被动语注意：过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构与被动语态的区别：态的区别：过去分词作表语，强调特点或状态；而被动语态过去分词作表语，强调特点或状态；而被动语态中，强调动作中，强调动作。e.g.：This
13、 shop is now closedclosed 这家商店现在已经关门了。这家商店现在已经关门了。(状态状态)This shop is closedclosed at 6 pm every day 这家商店每天这家商店每天6 6点关门。点关门。(动作动作）过去分词与现在分词做表语的区别过去分词与现在分词做表语的区别ing作表语与-ed作表语有何区别？2.The story is very interesting.He is interested in the book.3.The result is quite surprising!I am surprised at what he sai
14、d 归纳：归纳：V-ing 形式表示形式表示“令人令人的的”V-ed 形式表示形式表示“某人感到某人感到的的”Compete the sentences using the right form of the given verb.1.I had nothing to do.I was _(bore)and lonely.2.Jack looked even more _(amaze)than he felt.3.The results were very _(disappoint).4.I was thanked by the _(satisfy)customer.amazed disapp
15、ointing Practice什么是宾语补足语宾语补足语？We think him clever.Everyone calls him monitor.They think the answer correct.三、动词过去分词作宾语补足语。什么是宾语补足语宾语补足语？We think him clever.主+谓+宾+宾补Everyone calls him monitor.They think the answer correct.什么是宾语补足语宾语补足语？We think him clever.主+谓+宾+宾补Everyone calls him monitor.主+谓+宾+宾补Th
16、ey think the answer correct.什么是宾语补足语宾语补足语？We think him clever.主+谓+宾+宾补Everyone calls him monitor.主+谓+宾+宾补They think the answer correct.主+谓+宾+宾补1.His father named him Daming.2.They painted their house white.3.You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.4.Nobody noticed him enter the room.5.We saw h
17、er entering the room.(名词名词)(动词不定式动词不定式)(现在分词或其短语现在分词或其短语)(形容词形容词)(省略省略toto的动词不定式的动词不定式)哪些可以做宾补？哪些可以做宾补？6.We must get the work finished by 10 oclock.7.Whenever you may go,you will find him at work.8.Let the fresh air in.(过去分词过去分词)(介词短语介词短语)(副词副词)(1)有些有些及物动词及物动词，接了，接了_意义仍不完整，还需要其他成意义仍不完整，还需要其他成分，来补充说明
18、宾语的意义、状态等，称为分，来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，称为_，简称简称_。(2)过去分词做宾语补足语，表示过去分词做宾语补足语，表示_,_ 或宾语所处的或宾语所处的_。(3)分词与宾语具有分词与宾语具有_，即宾语是过去分，即宾语是过去分词动作的词动作的_。状态状态被动被动宾语宾语完成完成动宾关系动宾关系承受者承受者宾语补足语宾语补足语宾补宾补过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语归纳归纳1：表示表示_意义的意义的使役动词使役动词，如：如：_等。等。后接宾语，其宾语后可接过去分词做宾补，后接宾语，其宾语后可接过去分词做宾补，表示：表示：“致使致使,使使”have,make,get“使某人使
19、某人/某事被做某事被做”I had my hair _yesterday.cutHe got his glasses broken.He made his camera damaged.He had his wallet stolen.I saw them _ by two men.robbed 归纳归纳2：动词后接宾语，动词后接宾语，其宾语后可接做宾补，如：其宾语后可接做宾补，如：等。表示等。表示:感观感观过去分词过去分词see,watch,notice,hear,feel“感受到某人或某事被做感受到某人或某事被做”。robI saw him _.blamed by his motherbl
20、ameI saw _.bitehim bitten by a dog1.当他到达的时候，他发现所有的工作都做完了。当他到达的时候，他发现所有的工作都做完了。When he arrived,he _all the work_.2.我们可以听到沉重的雨滴打在窗户我们可以听到沉重的雨滴打在窗户 We can the windows_ by the heavy rain drops.foundfinishedhearbeatenNote I saw him get off the bus.I saw him knocked down by a car.I saw him lying on the ro
21、ad just now.(省略省略to的动词不定式的动词不定式)do:整个过程整个过程-ed:被动完成被动完成-ing:主动进行主动进行现在分词、过去分词与不定式作补语的区别现在分词、过去分词与不定式作补语的区别1.I found the apple _ by a worm.2.I found a worm _ the apple.(eat)eateneating ComparisonV-ing form VS V-ed form归纳归纳3：“with 宾语过去分词宾语过去分词”结构中结构中,过去过去 分词用作介词分词用作介词 with 的宾语补足语。的宾语补足语。(1)The murdere
22、r was brought in,with his hands _behind his back.凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后。(2)With water_,we can see the steam.水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气。(3)With the matter_,we all went home.事情得到解决,我们都回家了。tiedheatedsettled1.With all the tasks_(finish),he felt relaxed.（过去）（过去）finishedto solve2.With all the noise_(go)on,I couldnt conce
23、ntrate on my study.（现在）（现在）going3.With all the problems_(solve),the new president will have a hard time.（将来）（将来）过去分词作状语来源于状语从句，在句中作状语，即时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随和方式状语。如：Caught in a heavy rain,he was all wet.因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。(Caught in a heavy rain相当于原因状语从句Because he was caught in a heavy rain)动词动词-ed作状语作状语(Adv
24、erbial)Given more time,I can do this thing better.(Given more time相当于条件状语从句If I am given more time)When heated,ice can be changed into water.(When heated 相当于时间状语从句when ice is heated)Exhausted by the hard work,she still helped her daughter with study.尽管工作很累，她仍然辅导女儿学习。(Exhausted by the hard work相当于让步状
25、语从句Although/though she was exhausted by the hard work）表示伴随情况或方式:The trainer appeared,followed by six little dogs.训练员出现了，后面跟着六条小狗。（此时作状语的过去分词followed by six little dogs可转换为and连接的并列分句and he was followed by six little dogs.)把状语从句改为过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语，即“while(when,once,until,if,though等连词)+
26、过去分词”结构。如：When given a medical examination,you should keep calm.当你做体格检查时要保持镇定。Though beaten by the opposite team,the players didnt lose heart.尽管这些球员被对方球队打败了，但他们并没有灰心。过去分词作状语表示被动或完成，但有些过去分词(短语)因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表动作而表状态。这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有:lost(迷路);seated(坐);absorbed in(全神贯注于);dressed in(穿着)等；以及某些动词过去分词转化来的形容
27、词 也具有此用法：surprised,tired，disappointed等。如：Absorbed/Lost in deep thought,he didnt hear the sound.因为沉浸在思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音。Tired of working，he decided to have a rest.厌倦了工作，他决定休息一下。现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别 1.逻辑关系:现在分词作状语与过去分词作状语的最主要区别在于：两者与所修饰的句子的主语的逻辑关系的区别。1)现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的 动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。e.g.He went out,shu
28、tting the door behind him.他出去并将门随手关上。Not knowing what to do,he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。2)过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。Given more encouragement,the boy could have behaved better.如果多给这个孩子一些鼓励，他本来会表现得更好。Encouraged by what the teacher said,he decided to do it once again.受到
29、老师的鼓励，他决定再做一次。2.时间概念:过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，或表示“一种状态”，与谓语动作同时发生或存在。现在分词的一般式(doing)表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在说话时正在进行；现在分词的完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“主动”动作；Written in a hurry,this article was not so good.因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。Reading carefully,he found something he hadnt known before.他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。Having finished his homework,he went home.完成了作业，他就回家了。
