1、八年级上册外研版（英语）短语积累短语积累 课前导学 prepare for 准备 talk about 讨论 population increase 人口增长 be born 出生 make notes 记笔记 one fifth 五分之一 hang on(a minute)稍等；等等 write reports 写报告 be close to 离 很近 in the centre of 在 的中心 close down （永久）关闭，关停 public service 公共服务 solve the problem 解决问题冠词和数词冠词和数词一、冠词一、冠词1英语中的冠词有三个，即英语中的冠
2、词有三个，即the，a和和an，其中，其中the是定冠是定冠词，词，a和和an是不定冠词。是不定冠词。2冠词冠词the的主要用法的主要用法（1）指出谈话双方都知道的人或事物 Open the door,please.（2）重复上文提到的事物 There is a book on my desk.The book is about animals.（3）表示世界上独一无二的事物 The earth goes round the sun.语法导学（4）用在形容词最高级前面 This is the best film I have ever seen.（5）用在序数词前面 He is the fir
3、st student to get to school.（6）用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前 I have visited the Palace Museum once.（7）用于乐器之前 That little boy can play the piano very well.（8）与姓氏的复数形式一起表示一家人或两夫妇 The Greens are having supper right now.（9）与某些形容词连用，代表某一类人或事物 The rich should help the poor.语法导学（10）常见的含有定冠词的短语：all the time 一直 at the sam
4、e time 与此同时 by the way 顺便问一下 in the end 最后 in the middle of 在 的中间 go to the cinema 看电影 the same as 和 一样 in the morning 在上午 in the afternoon 在下午 the more,the better 越多越好 with the help of 在 的帮助下 语法导学listen to the radio 听广播all the year round 终年at the age of 在 岁的时候at the moment 此刻win the heart of 赢得 的心i
5、n the future 在将来on the left 在左边on the right 在右边on the edge of 在 的边缘at the beginning of 在 的开始at the bottom of 在 的底部in the east/west/south/north 在东/西/南/北方 语法导学3不定冠词不定冠词a和和an的用法的用法 a和an主要泛指某一个人或事物，也可泛指一类人或一类事物，后面接单数可数名词。a用在以辅音音素开头的词前，an用在以元音音素开头的词前，特别注意是以音标而非字母为标准。如：a useful jusfl book（useful是以元音字母开头的词
6、，但其发音是以辅音音素开头的）an hour a（hour是以辅音字母开头的词，但其发音是以元音音素开头的）语法导学不定冠词a和an的主要用法如下：（1）指一类人或事物A plane is a machine that can fly.（2）第一次提及某人或某物，非特指 A boy is waiting for you.（3）表示“每一”，相当于every We study eight hours a day.语法导学（4）含有不定冠词的短语：a few少数；几个a little少量；一点点a bit一点点a lot of许多have a good time过得开心take a boat坐船t
7、ake a bus坐公共汽车take a bath洗澡have a cold患感冒have a fever发烧wait a moment稍等一下go for a walk去散步as a result结果once upon a time从前in a hurry匆忙地with a smile带着微笑go for a ride去兜风/骑车at a time一次have a word with和聊几句a list of的清单have a picnic野炊make a difference to对造成影响 语法导学4零冠词（名词前不用冠词）零冠词（名词前不用冠词）（1）一日三餐前一般不用冠词。如：hav
8、e breakfast,have lunch,have supper,have dinner（2）体育活动、娱乐、游戏前不用定冠词。如：play basketball,play golf,play bridge（桥牌）（3）节假日前不用冠词。如：New Years Day,Childrens Day,Christmas Day 语法导学（4）国名、城市名、人名、车站名、街道名称、公园、学校名称前不用冠词。如：China,Beijing,Mark Twain,Guangzhou East Railway Station,Dongfeng Street,Zhongshan Park,peking
9、University,Huaying School（5）名词前有this,my,whose,some,no,each,every等词时不用冠词。如：I want this book,not that one.（6）在星期几、月份、季节前一般不用冠词。如：on Tuesday,in November,in autumn 语法导学（7）与by连用的表示交通工具或方式的名词前不用冠词。如：I go to school by bus every day.（8）学科、语言名称前不用冠词。如：I like maths very much.（9）常见的不用冠词的短语：on Sunday在周日in Septe
10、mber在九月in spring在春季go home回家on holiday度假 at last最后by bus/bike/train 坐公共汽车/骑自行车/坐火车on earth究竟from time to time不时地 语法导学go to school/bed/work上学/睡觉/上班day by day一天天地face to face面对面go to college/university上大学in fact事实上take care of照顾make friends(with)（与 ）交朋友at home在家at work在上班after school放学后after class课后in
11、 class在课堂上watch TV看电视for example例如in time及时stay in bed躺在床上at first首先at night/noon/midnight在晚上/中午/半夜 语法导学注意：有些名词前用或不用冠词，其意义有所不同。如：at school 上学at the school 在学校at table 在吃饭at the table 在餐桌旁in bed（躺、睡）在床上in the bed（某人 /某物）在床上in hospital 生病住院in the hospital 在医院里go to school 去上学go to the school 去学校go to
12、church 去做礼拜go to the church 到教堂去in class 在课堂上in the class 在班级里in front of 在 的前面（范围外）in the front of 在 的前部（范围内）语法导学用适当的冠词填空，不需要用冠词的地方填“/”。1There will be _ English evening party in the garden next Saturday.2She has _ useful book on languages.3Here is _ basket._ basket is his.4Is Canada _ English speak
13、ing country?5What _ interesting film!6There is _ orange tree behind _ house.7 _ woman over there is _ popular teacher in our school.8Does Tom often play _ basketball after school?9Shanghai is in _ east of China.语法导学ana Theananan theThea/thea【即学即练1】10Scientists know a little more about _ universe now
14、 than before.11They visited _ university _ day before yesterday.12One day he found _ handbag.There was _“s”on the corner of _ bag.13We cant see _ sun at _ night.14The old man has caught _ bad cold.He has to be in _ hospital.15We went to _ Mabels birthday party yesterday.We had _ good time.语法导学theaan
15、athethethe/aa/二、数词二、数词1.数字的读法数字的读法（1）百位数的读法：在百位和十位中间加上and。如：523读作five hundred and twenty-three (五百二十三)语法导学（2）千位数以上的读法：读数字时，将每三位数看作一个单位，每个单位用逗号隔开，从右往左的逗号依次读作“thousand”“million”和“billion”。如：12,389,204,321读作twelve billion,three hundred and eighty-nine million,two hundred and four thousand,three hundred
16、 and twenty-one(一百二十三亿八千九百二十万四千三百二十一)语法导学2.分数的表达分数的表达（1）分子用基数词，分母用序数词。如果分子大于1，分母要用复数形式。如：1/4 one fourth/a quarter 2/3 two thirds4/5 four fifths注意注意：“二分之一”不能说one second，而要说a/one half。语法导学（2）分数作主语时，如果后面接可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数；如果后面接不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。如：Two thirds of the people agree with him.三分之二的人同意他的意见。Two thirds
17、 of the water is dirty.三分之二的水是脏的。语法导学【即学即练2】读出下列数词并翻译成英语和汉语。1.43,567,987,121 语法导学forty-three billion,five hundred and sixty-seven million,nine hundred and eighty-seven thousand,one hundred and twenty-one（四百三十五亿六千七百九十八万七千一百二十一）读出下列数词并翻译成汉语。2.1,370,536,900 语法导学one billion,three hundred and seventy mil
18、lion,five hundred and thirty-six thousand,nine hundred（十三亿七千零五十三万六千九百）读出下列数词并翻译成汉语。3.314,791,000 语法导学three hundred and fourteen million,seven hundred and ninety-one thousand（三亿一千四百七十九万一千）读出下列数词并翻译成汉语。4.22,956,127 语法导学twenty-two million,nine hundred and fifty-six thousand,one hundred and twenty-seven（二千二百九十五万六千一百二十七）读出下列数词并翻译成汉语。5.4,436,972 语法导学four million,four hundred and thirty-six thousand,nine hundred and seventy-two（四百四十三万六千九百七十二）
