1、the Subjunctive Mood一、一、the Subjunctive Mood in“if”clause 虚拟语气在“if”条件句中的用法If I were a boy,even just for a dayId roll out of bed in the morningand throw on what I wanted and go drink beer with the guysand chase after girlsId kick it with who I wantedand Id never get confronted for it.Cause theyd stic
2、k up for meIf I were a boyI think I could understandhow it feels to love a girlI swear Id be a better manId listen to her,Cause I know how it hurtsWhen you lose the one you wantedCause hes taken you for grantedAnd everything you had got destroyed.If I If I were a boy Id roll out of bed in the mornin
3、g.If I were a boy I think I could understand how it feels to love a girl.These sentences refer to a wish that cant be true.（不可能实现的愿望）（不可能实现的愿望）If I feel depressed I will sing.If I feel sad I will laugh.If feel uncertain I will raise my voice.These sentences refer to a true situation.（一个事实）（一个事实）subj
4、unctive mood subjunctive mood is usually is usually used to talk about used to talk about the situationsthe situations that are that are not truenot true or or not likely to not likely to become truebecome true.表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望或推测。种假设、愿望或推测。the Subjunctive Mood in“if”clause 虚
5、拟语气在“if”条件句中的用法If I were you,I would study hard.If I had a lot of money now,I would travel around the world.If I lived on the moon at present,I might see the beautyChange.【Find the rulesFind the rules（自我发现）（自我发现）】If_sth,_ sth.were/did were/did（过去式）（过去式）would/could/would/could/might/should do might/s
6、hould do （动词原形）（动词原形）1.Contrary to the present1.Contrary to the present（与现在事实相反）（与现在事实相反）【即学即用】2.If I 2.If I (have)a lot of money(have)a lot of money,I I (help)(help)those poor peoplethose poor people.would be the earth _(be)saved.livedIf you had attended the meeting,you would have met her.If _ sth,
7、_ sth.2.Contrary to the past2.Contrary to the past（与过去事实相反）（与过去事实相反）would/could/might/should would/could/might/should have done have done （现在完成）（现在完成）【Find the rulesFind the rules（自我发现）（自我发现）】4.If I _(have)time last night,I_(see)Man From the Stars.【即学即用】5.If he _(drive)more carefully,he(not have)an
8、accident yesterday.If I had time next week,I would help you.If I should have time next week,I would help you.If I were to have time next week,I would help you.If_sth,_sth.would/could/would/could/might/should domight/should do（原形）（原形）3.Contrary to the future3.Contrary to the future（与将来事实相反）（与将来事实相反）d
9、id did were to do were to do shouldshould do do【Find the rulesFind the rules（自我发现）（自我发现）】6.If it _(be)6.If it _(be)Christmas Day Christmas Day tomorrowtomorrow,I _(get)some gifts.I _(get)some gifts.【即学即用】7.If you _(get)a full mark next time,I _(treat)you to candies.Mark:100 总结：if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句if虚拟条件句虚拟条
10、件句主句主句与与现在现在事实相事实相反的假反的假设设与与过去过去事实相事实相反的假反的假设设与与将来将来事实相事实相反的假反的假设设1、If+主语主语+动词过去式动词过去式2、If+主语主语+were to+动词原形动词原形3、If+主语主语+should+动词原形动词原形If+主语主语+动词的过去式动词的过去式（be动词一般用动词一般用were)主语主语+would(should/might/could)动词原形动词原形即：即：If+一般过去时态一般过去时态（be动词一般用动词一般用were)If+主语主语+had+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词即：即：If+过去完成时态过去完成时态主语主语+
11、would(should/might/could)have done主语主语+would(should/might/could)动词原形动词原形注意以下问题：注意以下问题：1.错综时间虚拟条件句错综时间虚拟条件句 2.(if省略省略)倒装虚拟条件句倒装虚拟条件句 3.含蓄条件句含蓄条件句1.错综时间条件句错综时间条件句if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与现在现在事实相事实相反的假反的假设设与与过去过去事实相事实相反的假反的假设设与与将来将来事实相事实相反的假反的假设设1、If+主语主语+动词过去式动词过去式2、If+主语主语+were to+动词原形动词原形3、If+主语主语+should+动
12、词原形动词原形If+主语主语+动词的过去式动词的过去式（be动词一般用动词一般用were)主语主语+would(should/might/could)动词原形动词原形即：即：If+一般过去时态一般过去时态（be动词一般用动词一般用were)If+主语主语+had+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词即：即：If+过去完成时态过去完成时态主语主语+would(should/might/could)have done主语主语+would(should/might/could)动词原形动词原形错综时间条件句错综时间条件句错综时间条件句错综时间条件句错综时间虚拟条件句错综时间虚拟条件句即：即：if虚拟条件句与
13、主句的时间不一致。虚拟条件句与主句的时间不一致。1).If you had followed my advice,you would be able to finish the work now.如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）2).If I were you,I would have gone to her birthday party.如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。（从句说明现在，主句说明过去。）（从句说明现在，主句说明过
14、去。）2.在虚拟条件句中，在虚拟条件句中，如果条件句中有如果条件句中有were,had（助动词）或（助动词）或should时，可使用倒装时，可使用倒装结构，但结构，但if必须省略必须省略。若条件从句为否定句，。若条件从句为否定句，否定词否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had等缩略成等缩略成werent，shouldnt，hadnt置于句首。置于句首。(1)I was ill that day.Otherwise,I would have takenpart in the sports meet.（副词）（副词）(2)He telephoned
15、 to tell me of your birthday,or/otherwise I would have known nothing about it.（连词）（连词）直陈语气直陈语气虚拟语气虚拟语气直陈语气直陈语气虚拟语气虚拟语气3.含蓄条件句含蓄条件句有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。含蓄条件句含蓄条件句(4)Everything taken into consideration,they would have raised their outp
16、ut quickly.（独立主格）（独立主格）=If everything had been taken into (了解即可了解即可)consideration,(3)I might have given you more help,but I was too busy.（连词）（连词）直陈语气直陈语气虚拟语气虚拟语气(5)用介词短语代替条件状语从句常用的介词有用介词短语代替条件状语从句常用的介词有with,without,but for 等。如：等。如：What would you do with a million dollars?We could not have finished t
17、he work ahead of time without your help.But for the rain,we would have finished the work.=If you had a million dollars,what would you do?=If we hadnt got your help/If you hadnt helped us,=If it hadnt been for the rain,虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气二二.名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气一一“坚持坚持”(insist),二二“命令命令”(order,c
18、ommand),四四“建议建议”(advise,suggest,propose,recommend),五五“要求要求”(ask,demand,require,request,desire)+(that)sb(should)do.（主动）（主动）(that)sb/sth(should)be done（被动）（被动）1.宾语从句宾语从句should do!should do!should do!我们建议我们建议Tom 去休息一下。去休息一下。他坚持要我与他同行。他坚持要我与他同行。他们要求派他们要求派Tom去那儿工作。去那儿工作。老师要求作业要及时完成。老师要求作业要及时完成。We suggest
19、ed _.He insisted _.They requested(that)Tom _.(that)Tom have a rest(that)I(should)go with him(should)be sent to work thereThe teacher asked(that)our homework _.(should)be finished in time It is ordered/commanded/suggested/advised/requested/required/demanded that (should)do The/Ones insistence/order/c
20、ommand/suggestion/advice/proposal/recommendation/request/requirement/demand/desire is/was that (should)do a/the suggestion/request(等等)that (should)do 主语从句主语从句 表语从句表语从句 同位语从句同位语从句2.这些动词相对应的名词性从句也用这些动词相对应的名词性从句也用should do It is suggested that we(should)practise reading English everyday.The suggestion
21、given by our teacher is that we(should)practise reading English everyday.The teacher give us a suggestion that we(should)practise reading English everyday.3.wish 的宾语从句的宾语从句1.wish 的宾语的宾语从句从句与现在事实相反与现在事实相反:一般过去时一般过去时(be 用用were)与过去事实相反与过去事实相反:过去完成时过去完成时与将来事实相反与将来事实相反:would/could+V.原原 shouldI wish I _(b
22、e)as tall as Yao Ming.wereI wish/wished I _(have not)eaten so much watermelon.hadntI wish it _(will)rain tomorrow.If so,I can stay at home to have a good sleep.wouldHe wishes he _(become)a scientist some day.could/would become 三三.虚拟语气特殊句型与固定句式虚拟语气特殊句型与固定句式:1.would rather 宁愿，但愿宁愿，但愿 sb did 与现在或将来与现在或
23、将来情况相反情况相反sb had done 与过去情况相反与过去情况相反I would rather you returned me my money now.I would rather we hadnt told her the bad news.I would rather you came tomorrow.2.as if/as though思考：思考：as if/as though 后面的句子是后面的句子是主句还是从句？主句还是从句？He behaves as if he_(own)the house.owned1).1).从句的动作与主句动作同时发生从句的动作与主句动作同时发生 (
24、可以可以理解成与现在事实相反理解成与现在事实相反)He behaves as if he _(be)the owner of the house.wereShe talked about Rome as though she _(be)there herself.had been2).2).从句的动作发生在主句动作之前从句的动作发生在主句动作之前 (可以可以理解成与过去事实相反理解成与过去事实相反)He coughed(咳嗽咳嗽)twice as if someone would come.他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。3).3).从句的动作发生在主句动作之后从句的动
25、作发生在主句动作之后 (可以可以理解成与将来事实相反理解成与将来事实相反)总结总结as if/as though与现在事实相反与现在事实相反:一般过去时一般过去时(be 用用were)与过去事实相反与过去事实相反:过去完成时过去完成时 与将来事实相反与将来事实相反:would/could+V.原原 (了解了解)should与与 wish 的宾语从句相似的宾语从句相似3.It is(high/about)time (that)“是时候是时候.(做某事做某事)”注意注意:should不能省略不能省略 sb did sb should do 是时候采取措施来保护环境了。是时候采取措施来保护环境了。I
26、t is(high/about)time that we took/should take measures to protect the environment.你该走了。你该走了。Its(high/about)time that you went/should go.4.在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的固定句式中常使用虚拟语气固定句式中常使用虚拟语气 Its necessary/strange/natural(自然的自然的,理应如此的理应如此的)/important +that sb(should)do1).It is important t
27、hat we _(master)a foreign language.2).真奇怪，她竟然拒绝来参加真奇怪，她竟然拒绝来参加party。Its _ that she _ to come to the party.3).鸟在树上安歇鸟在树上安歇/休息是很自然的。休息是很自然的。It is _ that a bird _ in trees.(should)master(should)refusestrangenatural(should)rest5.If only !要是要是就好了就好了If only与现在事实相反与现在事实相反:一般过去时一般过去时(be 用用were)与过去事实相反与过去事实相
28、反:过去完成时过去完成时If only it stopped raining now!If only we had followed your advice!总结总结 wish,would rather,as if/as though,if only 表虚拟时的共同点是：表虚拟时的共同点是：时态往后退一步，同时态往后退一步，同if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句四四.情态动词表示虚拟情态动词表示虚拟 1.本本想想/打算打算做某事却没做做某事却没做 2.本本应该应该做某事却没做做某事却没做 3.本本不该不该做某事却做了做某事却做了 4.本本能够能够做某事却没做做某事却没做 5.宁愿宁愿过去过去做了某事却没做
29、做了某事却没做 6.最好最好过去过去做了某事却没做做了某事却没做 7.本本不必不必做某事却做了做某事却做了 would have done should/ought to have done shouldnt/oughtnt to have done could have done would rather have done had better have done neednt have done must have done might have donecant/couldnt have done过去肯定发生了过去肯定发生了过去可能发生了过去可能发生了过去不可能发生过去不可能发生1.i
30、nsist,suggest2.as if/though3.if五五.可用可不用虚拟语气的情况可用可不用虚拟语气的情况insist/suggest 各有两种意思，用不同的语气各有两种意思，用不同的语气insist:“坚决坚决/持要求持要求”用虚拟语气用虚拟语气,即即 should do;insist:“坚持认为坚持认为,坚持说坚持说”用陈述语气用陈述语气suggest:“建议建议”用虚拟语气，用虚拟语气，即即should do;suggest:“表明、暗示表明、暗示”用陈述语气用陈述语气1.The teacher suggested that we _ (practise)more after
31、class.2.Her pale face suggests that she _(be)ill today.3.He insisted that all of us _(get)there on time by any means.4.He insisted that he _(not steal)the diamond,and that he should be set free.他坚持说他没偷钻石，应该立刻被释放。他坚持说他没偷钻石，应该立刻被释放。(should)practiseis(should)gethadnt stolen as if/as though When a penci
32、l is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it were broken.The dark clouds are gathering.It looks as if it is going to rain.a.ifa.if真实条件句真实条件句 表示条件是表示条件是真的或真的或有可能实现的有可能实现的,采用采用陈述语气陈述语气。b.ifb.if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 表示条件是表示条件是虚拟的虚拟的或几乎无法实现的或几乎无法实现的,采用采用虚拟语气虚拟语气。Exercise 1.I advised that you _ the job as soon
33、 as possible.A finished B finishing C to finish D finish 2 The workers in the factory demanded that their pay _ be raised.A should B would C must D could3.My father did not go to New York;the doctor suggested that he _ there.A.not went B.wont go C.not go D.not to go4.The teacher demanded that the ex
34、am _ before eleven.A.must finish B.would be finished C.be finished D.must be finished5.Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill.A be B was C should be D is6.He insisted he _right.A.were B.was C.be D.is考题点击考题点击1.His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable.A.try B.tries C.must try D.can try2
35、.She made the demand that the journalists _at once for Iraq.A.leave B.leaving C.left D.to be left3.We are in favor of your proposal that the meeting _.A.should put off B.was put off C.be put off D.is to put off4.It is high time the child _ to the hospital.A.is sent B.would be sent C.must be sent D.w
36、ere sent5.If only I _ driving before.A.had learned B.learned C.learn D.would learn 6.I wish I _a bird A is B were C will be D are7.How I wish that I _ the moon sometime in the future.A had visited B would visit C visited D will visit 8.Id rather you _ me the news.A.not tell B.not to tell C.didnt tell D.hadnt told
