1、DIVING DEEP To read and understand the history and development of human deep sea exploration and Chinas achievements in it.To arouse the interest in exploring the unknown and seeking the truth scientifically.Look at the pictures and guess what it is for.Read the picture and discuss with your partner
2、 what information you get.Chinas new deep-sea manned submersible Fendouzhe,or Striver,set a national diving record of 10,909 metres in the Challenger Deep,a 11,000-metre chasm located at the bottom of the Mariana Trench in the western Pacific Ocean.The successful sea trial verified the various funct
3、ions and performances of the submersible as well as Chinas breakthroughs in deep-sea equipment and technologies.It marked Chinas entry into the first echelon of deep-sea scientific research and provided strong technical support for the countrys subsequent deep-sea research.Look at the picture and an
4、swer the questions.Do further research if necessary.1 What different zones are there in the ocean?2 Which parts of the ocean do you think have been explored?3 What do you know about the deepest part of the ocean?The different zones in the ocean are Sunlight Zone,Twilight Zone,Midnight Zone and Abyss
5、al Zone.Epipelagic Zone-The surface layer of the ocean is known as the epipelagic zone and extends from the surface to 200 metres(656 feet).It is also known as the sunlight zone because this is where most of the visible light exists.With the light comes heat.This heat is responsible for the wide ran
6、ge of temperatures that occur in this zone.Mesopelagic Zone-Below the epipelagic zone is the mesopelagic zone,extending from 200 metres(656 feet)to 1,000 metres(3,281 feet).The mesopelagic zone is sometimes referred to as the twilight zone or the midwater zone.The light that penetrates to this depth
7、 is extremely faint.It is in this zone that we begin to see the twinkling lights of bioluminescent creatures.A great diversity of strange and bizarre fishes can be found here.Bthypelagic Zone-The next layer is called the bathypelagic zone.It is sometimes referred to as the midnight zone or the dark
8、zone.This zone extends from 1,000 metres(3,281 feet)down to 4,000 metres(13,124 feet).Here the only visible light is that produced by the creatures themselves.The water pressure at this depth is immense,reaching 5,850 pounds per square inch.In spite of the pressure,a surprisingly large number of cre
9、atures can be found here.Sperm whales can dive down to this level in search of food.Most of the animals that live at these depths are black or red in color due to the lack of light.Abyssopelagic Zone-The next layer is called the abyssopelagic zone,also known as the abyssal zone or simply as the abys
10、s.It extends from 4,000 metres(13,124 feet)to 6,000 metres(19,686 feet).The name comes from a Greek word meaning“no bottom”.The water temperature is near freezing,and there is no light at all.Very few creatures can be found at these crushing depths.Most of these are invertebrates such as basket star
11、s and tiny squids.Three-quarters of the ocean floor lies within this zone.The deepest fish ever discovered was found in the Puerto Rico Trench(海沟海沟)at a depth of 27,460 feet(8,372 metres).Hadalpelagic Zone-Beyond the abyssopelagic zone lies the forbidding hadalpelagic zone.This layer extends from 6,
12、000 metres(19,686 feet)to the bottom of the deepest parts of the ocean.These areas are mostly found in deep water trenches and canyons.The deepest point in the ocean is located in the Mariana Trench off the coast of Japan at 35,797 feet(10,911 metres).The temperature of the water is just above freez
13、ing,and the pressure is an incredible eight tons per square inch.That is approximately the weight of 48 Boeing 747 jets.In spite of the pressure and temperature,life can still be found here.Invertebrates such as starfish and tube worms can thrive at these depths.n.物质物质Read the passage and find out w
14、hat has been discovered in the ocean depths.Shipwrecks such as that of the Esmeralda,ruins of ancient cities like Neapolis,extraordinary deep-sea creatures such as bone-white coral and the barreleye,and the substance known as“fire ice”have been discovered in the ocean depths.n.失事的船；沉船失事的船；沉船n.管眼鱼管眼鱼
15、Think about the structure of the passage and complete the diagram.OVER THE CENTURIES:sailing across oceans to explore Earths furthest cornersOcean explorationMODERN AGE:exploring 1_deep sea2_ exploration Finding ancient ruins in 3_.Working to overcome challenges and make discoveries at 4_.Example:5_
16、Archaeologicalshallow watersvast depthsthe ruins of Neapolis6_ exploration Containing about 90 per cent of 7_.Helping comprehend 8_.Example:9_ 10_ 11_Biologicalthe planets fishthe capacity for life on our planetbone-white coralthe barreleyelife to be found even around the deep-sea volcanic openingsn
17、.珊瑚珊瑚Discovery of natural resources Discovering new natural resources Studying 12_.Identifying areas for 13_.Example:14_ 15_the sea bed“fire ice”deep-sea drillingChinas underwater vesselsn.船；舰船；舰As you read,notice the discourse markers used in the text,eg in addition,also,however,furthermore,as well
18、 as.These markers function like road sings,helping you connect ideas and understand the writers attitude and opinions.adv.此外；而且；此外；而且；不仅如此不仅如此1 Why do you think the author uses statistics in the passage?The use of statistics makes the passage more convincing.2 What other examples of ocean exploratio
19、n do you know of?Share one with the class.Chart of the California CoastThis reconnaissance chart of the California coast was created by Captain James Alden in 1852.In 1857 James Alden discovered Californias Monterey Canyon,the first known submarine valley.A submarine valley is a long,deep depression
20、 in the ocean floor.3 What do you think drives the exploration of the oceans?Exploration is key to increasing our understanding of the ocean,so we can more effectively manage,conserve,regulate,and use ocean resources that are vital to our economy and to all of our lives.4 What common message do the
21、two reading passages in this unit convey?How do they each build upon this idea?Both passages convey the message that humans have the desire and means to explore the unknown.The first passage does this by looking at our fascination with historys greatest mysteries,while the second passage looks at pi
22、oneering exploration of Earths oceans.Give a talk about the influences of ocean exploration on your daily life.1 Look at the diagram below and brainstorm examples of how ocean exploration affects your daily life.Trade and economyCultural exchangeTransport and travelFood and natural resourcesEnvironm
23、ent and conservationInfluences of ocean explorationOcean exploration affects our daily life in many ways.The air we breathe:The ocean produces over half of the worlds oxygen and absorbs 50 times more carbon dioxide than our atmosphere.Climate regulation:Covering 70 percent of the Earths surface,the
24、ocean transports heat from the equator to the poles,regulating our climate and weather patterns.Food:The ocean provides more than just seafood;ingredients from the sea are found in surprising foods such as peanut butter and soymilk.Medicine:Many medicinal products come from the ocean,including ingre
25、dients that help fight cancer,arthritis,Alzheimers disease,and heart disease.Recreation:From fishing to boating to kayaking and whale watching,the ocean provides us with many unique activities.2 Organise your talk by completing the diagram with your examples.3 Give your talk to the class.1.Read the supplementary reading material on Page 108 and write a summary of it about 60 words.2.Preview the next part:Writing.
