1、高考英语句子成分和简单句的基本句型一、句子成分1、主语:说明句子所谈的是:“什么人”或“什么物”,主语通常由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。EG:Lucylikes her new car very much.露西喜欢她的新车。【名词作主语】Hegoes to and from schoolby bike every day.他每天都起得很早。(代词作主语)To learn English wellis a challenge.学好英语是一项挑战性工作。【不定式短语作主语】2、谓语:说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,英语中谓语只能用动词充当。例如:Weworkhard.我们努力
2、工作。The boycaughta bird.那个男孩逮住一只鸟。Heislike his father.他像他父亲。注意:介词不能作谓语,必须与be动词连用,构成系表结构,一起作谓语。谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。EG:Music isthe utmost pleasure in life.音乐是人生最大的快乐。AsI takeeach bite,the sweet and mild flavour of the red bean fillingslowlyfillsmy mouth.3、宾语:宾语是动作的对象。由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当,说明主语做“什么”。EG:Tom
3、 boughta story-book.汤姆买了一本故事书。【名词作宾语】I sawhimyesterday.昨天我看到他了。【代词宾语】He decidedto run away from home.他决定离家出走。【不定式短语作宾语】注意:宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语:有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫作间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语;合称双宾语。EG:I boughtmy sona box of Mark penslast night.他给了我一些墨水。间接宾语直接宾语Our teacher toldusaninteresting story.老师给我们讲了一个有趣的故事
4、。间接宾语直接宾语4、表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”;与连系动词一起构成谓语,表语由名词、形容词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当;用在系动词后面。EG:I have been an English teacher since I graduated from university.我的姐姐是一名护士。【名词作表语】Terry seems in low spirits today.特瑞今天好像情绪低落。【介词短语】Toms dream has become true already.汤姆的梦想已经实现。【形容词作表语】5、定语修饰名词或代词的成分,除形容词外,还有名词、代词、数词、介词
5、短语或相当于形容词的词或短语都可以作定语。EG:After years ofhardwork,his career began to take.多年的努力工作之后,他的事业开始腾飞。【形容词作定语】Are these studentsyourclassmates?这些学生是你班的吗?【形容词性物主代词作定语】Winter is the coldest seasonof the year.冬天是一年中最冷的季节。【介词短语作定语】The building to be built next year will be our new teaching building.明年将要修建的建筑物将是我们的
6、新教学楼。【不定式作定语】The peoplehereare very friendly.这里的人们非常友好。【副词作定语】注意:单个形容词作定语时通常放在被修饰的词之前。而介词短语、不定式短语或副词等作定语时则放在被修饰的词之后。6、状语修饰动词、形容词、副词,或修饰全句的成分叫状语。作状语的主要是副词和介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等。EG:Jack runs veryfast.杰克跑得很快。【副词作状语】All these clothes are madeby hand.shua。所有的这些衣服都是手工制作的。【介词短语作状语】She will arrive in Shanghaion
7、Friday.她将于星期五到达上海。【介词短语作状语】To pass the weekly test,he is studying very hard.为了通过周考,他正在努力学习。【不定式短语状语】7、宾语补足语:有些及物动词的宾语后边还需要有一个成分来说明宾语的情况,意思才能够完整,这个成分叫宾语补足语。宾语和补足语构成复合宾语。EG:They always callmeLao Yang.宾语宾语补足语【名词做宾补】You must keepthe roomclean and tidy.宾语宾语补足语【形容词作宾补】Mr. Yanginvitedmeto visit his new hou
8、se in Huaihua.宾语宾语补足语【不定式作宾补】I hadmy old housepaintedlast week.宾语宾语补足语We foundthe girls in our classplaying gameson the playground ten minutes ago.宾语宾语补足语【现在分词作宾补】句子成分巧记歌诀主谓宾表定状补,七种成分记清楚。句子主干主谓宾(表),枝叶成分定状补。定语修饰主宾表,宾语之后常有补。主谓人称数一致,状语位置最灵活。二、简单句的基本句型简单句:由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)所构成的句子。简单句分为5种基本句型:1.主语谓
9、语(主语 不及物动词)例1:My little sistercan swim very well.我妹妹游泳游得很好。主语谓语(不及物动词)例2:The planehas already arrived.飞机已经抵达。主语谓语2.主语谓语宾语(主语及物动词宾语)例3:The poor passengerson the real Titanicsaw the tip of the iceberg.主语谓语宾语泰坦尼克号上可怜的乘客们看到了冰山的顶部。例4:The companymakesfilms.这家公司制作电影。主语.谓语宾语例5:Stanleyboughta flat last year.
10、 Stanley去年买了套公寓。主语谓语宾语3.主语系动词表语(主语连系动词表语)例6:My motherisa scientist.我母亲是个科学家。主语谓语表语例7:Shelooksyoung.她看上去很年轻。主语谓语表语例8:The caketastes veryyummy.这蛋糕尝起来很美味。主语谓语表语4.主语谓语双宾语(主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语)例9:My motherboughtmea dictionary yesterday. 我母亲昨天给我买了本字典。主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语例10:Canyougivemethe math book? 你能给我那本数学书吗?谓语主语谓语间
11、接宾语直接宾语例11:Willyoutellussomething about your school life?谓语主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语你给我讲讲你们的学习生活,好吗?5.主语谓语复合宾语(主语及物动词宾语补语)例12:Wemust keepour classroomclean and tidy.我们必须保持教室干净、整洁。主语谓语宾语宾语补足语例13:My motherasksmeto speak English as much as possible.主语谓语宾语宾语补足语我母亲要求我尽可能多地讲英语。例14:Iheardhersinging happilyin the room just now.主语谓语宾语宾语补足语刚才我听到她在房间里高兴地唱着歌。3