1、Part FourWriting and Translation1.Translation1.Translation2.Writing2.WritingKnowing About TranslationKnowing About TranslationTranslation PracticeTranslation PracticeWriting PracticeWriting PracticeKnowing About TranslationPart Four:Writing and Translation Translation英译汉的长句翻译（英译汉的长句翻译（3 3）拆分译法拆分译法 英
2、语长句往往由主从复合句构成，英语长句往往由主从复合句构成，结构严谨，翻译时可按照汉语多用短结构严谨，翻译时可按照汉语多用短句的习惯，把长句的从句或短语分解句的习惯，把长句的从句或短语分解为若干分句，再逐句翻译，这称为拆为若干分句，再逐句翻译，这称为拆分译法。拆分主要有以下方法：分译法。拆分主要有以下方法：Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation 1 1将英语原句中的并列复合句拆分将英语原句中的并列复合句拆分 翻译翻译：另外一点也很清楚，在多数情况下，什么是对的，什么：另外一点也很清楚，在多数情况下，什么是对的，什么是不对的，这些中国人都有一致的
3、看法。在和本杰明及是不对的，这些中国人都有一致的看法。在和本杰明及其他西方小孩的随意交往中，他们都展现了自己的共同其他西方小孩的随意交往中，他们都展现了自己的共同看法。看法。1)It was equally clear that the Chinese agree on what is right or wrong in most situations;in casual encounters with Benjamin and other Western children,they were simply exhibiting their shared beliefs.分析分析：把英语原句中
4、用分号连接的两个并列从句，拆分成两个：把英语原句中用分号连接的两个并列从句，拆分成两个独立的句子，并将每个句子中的不同成分，也按照意思独立的句子，并将每个句子中的不同成分，也按照意思和逻辑关系分成一个个短句，这样使译文的句子不会太和逻辑关系分成一个个短句，这样使译文的句子不会太长，而且层次分明，意思清晰。长，而且层次分明，意思清晰。Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation2)Some people may worry that this is suggesting one sex is better than the other,but a m
5、oments reflection should allay this fear.分析：英语原句是由转折连词分析：英语原句是由转折连词but连接的并连接的并列句，在译成汉语时，将两个并列列句，在译成汉语时，将两个并列句译成了两个独立的句子。句译成了两个独立的句子。翻译：一些人也许会担心：这意味着一种性别比另一种性翻译：一些人也许会担心：这意味着一种性别比另一种性别更优越。但稍稍思考一下，就清楚对此不必过分别更优越。但稍稍思考一下，就清楚对此不必过分担忧。担忧。Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation3)Now it might be thoug
6、ht that Benjamins appearancehe is Chinese,and we adopted him in Taiwanencouraged this intervention;but similar intrusive interventions are reported by Westerners whose children do not look the least bit Chinese.翻译：可能会有人认为本杰明的外貌容易让人这样翻译：可能会有人认为本杰明的外貌容易让人这样做，因为他是中国人，是我们在台湾收养的。做，因为他是中国人，是我们在台湾收养的。但是其他西
7、方人也报道过类似的干预，他们但是其他西方人也报道过类似的干预，他们的孩子可是一点儿都不像中国人。的孩子可是一点儿都不像中国人。Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation 2 2定语从句的拆分定语从句的拆分2.1 2.1 在关系代词处拆分在关系代词处拆分 分析：英语原句中第一部分是主句，第二部分是关系代词分析：英语原句中第一部分是主句，第二部分是关系代词which引导的定语从句，翻译时把主句和从句在关系代词引导的定语从句，翻译时把主句和从句在关系代词处作了拆分。处作了拆分。1)Then we begin to read novels,which a
8、re stories about people like ourselves,who have to meet either difficulties which are known to all of us or an exceptional set of circumstances calling for the exercise of great courage and skill.翻译：然后我们开始阅读小说。这些小说的主人公都像我们一翻译：然后我们开始阅读小说。这些小说的主人公都像我们一样，他们不得不遇到我们熟知的困难，或需要坚强勇气及样，他们不得不遇到我们熟知的困难，或需要坚强勇气及
9、熟练技巧才能度过的特殊环境。熟练技巧才能度过的特殊环境。Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation2)Even top corporate managers,who have mostly affected styles of leadership that can be characterized only as tough,cold and aloof,have begun to learn the lesson,and earn the benefits,of writing notes that lift people up.分析：从译文
10、中可以看出，由分析：从译文中可以看出，由who引导引导的定语从句被翻译成独立的句子，的定语从句被翻译成独立的句子，并放在由主句译成的另一个独立并放在由主句译成的另一个独立的句子前面。的句子前面。翻译：那些通常做作的公司高层经理们，其领导作风可以被形翻译：那些通常做作的公司高层经理们，其领导作风可以被形容为强硬、冷漠、脱离群众。甚至这些人也开始学习写容为强硬、冷漠、脱离群众。甚至这些人也开始学习写便笺去鼓舞人心，且获益匪浅。便笺去鼓舞人心，且获益匪浅。Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation1)“She doesnt like boys,and
11、just listens to the girls,”said a boy in another class,where his sex got 63 per cent of the teachers attention.2.2 2.2 在关系副词或介词加关系代词处拆分在关系副词或介词加关系代词处拆分 分析：英语原句中第一部分是主句，第二部分析：英语原句中第一部分是主句，第二部分是关系副词分是关系副词where引导的定语从句，引导的定语从句，翻译时把主句和从句在关系副词处作翻译时把主句和从句在关系副词处作了拆分。了拆分。翻译翻译：“她不喜欢男生，她只听女生发言，她不喜欢男生，她只听女生发言，”
12、另一个班上的另一个班上的一位男生说。而在他的班上，男生占据了老师一位男生说。而在他的班上，男生占据了老师63%的注的注意力。意力。Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation2)It was the moment I ceased being a child,when I began to have an adults awareness of the pain and tragedy in life.分析：此句第一部分是主句，第二部分是关分析：此句第一部分是主句，第二部分是关系副词系副词when引导的定语从句，翻译时引导的定语从句，翻译时在此处切
13、断，译成两个独立的句子。在此处切断，译成两个独立的句子。翻译：在那一刻，我不再是个孩子了。那翻译：在那一刻，我不再是个孩子了。那时，我开始用成人的眼光来看待生时，我开始用成人的眼光来看待生活中存在的痛苦与悲伤。活中存在的痛苦与悲伤。Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation3)Chinese“cross-talk”is a special type of slap-stick in which two Chinese comedians humorously discuss topics such as bureaucrats,family pr
14、oblems,or other personal topics.分析：把英语原句中分析：把英语原句中“in which”引导的定语从句拆开，译成引导的定语从句拆开，译成一个独立的句子，使译文结构清晰，意思明确，句子又一个独立的句子，使译文结构清晰，意思明确，句子又不会太长。不会太长。翻译：中国的相声是一种特殊的滑稽剧。翻译：中国的相声是一种特殊的滑稽剧。相声中两名中国喜剧演员幽默地相声中两名中国喜剧演员幽默地谈论诸如官僚主义者、家庭问题谈论诸如官僚主义者、家庭问题或其他一些有关个人的话题。或其他一些有关个人的话题。Part Four:Writing and Translation Transl
15、ationThen they went to the southern part of the island,but found it rocky and covered with bushes,growing so thickly that it was not easy to push ones way through.3 3在非谓语动词处拆分在非谓语动词处拆分 分析：此句的非谓语动词短语分析：此句的非谓语动词短语“growing so thickly that it was not easy to push ones way through”作为定作为定语修饰语修饰bushes，在翻译时
16、把此处与主句作了拆分，而，在翻译时把此处与主句作了拆分，而且这一短语本身也分译成汉语的两个短句。且这一短语本身也分译成汉语的两个短句。翻译：接着他们到岛的南部，只见遍地岩石与灌木丛。灌木翻译：接着他们到岛的南部，只见遍地岩石与灌木丛。灌木丛长得相当浓密，要穿过去实在不容易。丛长得相当浓密，要穿过去实在不容易。Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation 4 4含有多个从句的长句拆分含有多个从句的长句拆分 有时一个句子中含有几个不同的有时一个句子中含有几个不同的从句。在翻译此类包含多个从句的从句。在翻译此类包含多个从句的长句时，首先要把握句子的中心意
17、长句时，首先要把握句子的中心意思，分清从句之间的关系，然后根思，分清从句之间的关系，然后根据汉语的行文习惯，适当断句，使据汉语的行文习惯，适当断句，使之成为通顺可读的汉语句子。例如：之成为通顺可读的汉语句子。例如：Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation1)Another dimension of sex-biased education is the typical American teachers assumption that boys will do better in the“hard”,“masculine”subjects of
18、 math and science while girls are expected to have better verbal and reading skills.分析：英语原句中，有一个由分析：英语原句中，有一个由that引导的同位语从句，该从句中引导的同位语从句，该从句中又有一个由又有一个由while引导表示对比的并列句，将对女孩和男孩引导表示对比的并列句，将对女孩和男孩的不同看法进行对比。翻译时根据汉语表达的习惯将主句的不同看法进行对比。翻译时根据汉语表达的习惯将主句和从句，并列复合句之间进行了拆分。和从句，并列复合句之间进行了拆分。翻译：美国教师中一个具有代表性的想法是，男孩擅长数
19、学和自翻译：美国教师中一个具有代表性的想法是，男孩擅长数学和自然科学，这些学科都是然科学，这些学科都是“难懂的难懂的”、“适合于男性的适合于男性的”，而女孩则在语言和阅读技能上比男孩强。这是教育中性别而女孩则在语言和阅读技能上比男孩强。这是教育中性别偏见的另一种表现。偏见的另一种表现。Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation2)The president said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterdays election results that he could n
20、ot explain why the Republicans had suffered such a widespread defeat,which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in the House.翻译：在一次记者招待会上，问题集中于昨天的选举结果，总统翻译：在一次记者招待会上，问题集中于昨天的选举结果，总统就此发了言。他说他不能解释为什么共和党遭到了这样的就此发了言。他说他不能解释为什么共和党遭到了这样的大败，它最终会使共和党失去在众议院中长期享有的优势。大败，它最终会使共
21、和党失去在众议院中长期享有的优势。分析：英语原句包含一个由分析：英语原句包含一个由that引导的宾语从句，该宾语从句又引导的宾语从句，该宾语从句又包含一个由包含一个由why引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。why引导的宾语从句中，引导的宾语从句中，又包含一个由又包含一个由which引导的非限制性定语从句，补充说明引导的非限制性定语从句，补充说明“such a widespread defeat”。在汉译时，把主句和后。在汉译时，把主句和后面的宾语从句作了拆分，从而使该长句分译成了两个独立面的宾语从句作了拆分，从而使该长句分译成了两个独立的中文句子。的中文句子。Translation Practi
22、cePart Four:Writing and Translation TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into Chinese using the techniques mentioned above.The classroom is a mans world,where boys get two-thirds of the teachers attention even when they are in a minority.They are allowed to tease the girls and the
23、y receive praise for sloppy work that would not be tolerated from girls.Boys are accustomed to being teachers pets,and,if girls get anything like equal treatment,boys will protest and even disrupt lessons.Part Four:Writing and Translation TranslationReference:教室是男生的天下；即使在他们教室是男生的天下；即使在他们人数并不占多数时，他们仍
24、占据老师人数并不占多数时，他们仍占据老师三分之二的注意力。他们被允许取笑三分之二的注意力。他们被允许取笑女生，他们作业做得马虎却受表扬，女生，他们作业做得马虎却受表扬，要是女生做这样的作业就得不到宽容。要是女生做这样的作业就得不到宽容。男生们已经习惯于做老师的宠儿。如男生们已经习惯于做老师的宠儿。如果女生也受到相同的待遇，男生就会果女生也受到相同的待遇，男生就会抗议，甚至扰乱课堂。抗议，甚至扰乱课堂。Translation PracticeWriting PracticePart Four:Writing and Translation WritingDirections:Follow the
25、 procedure to conduct a survey to find out the students view of the following topic:Procedure:1)Design a written questionnaire.2)Interview at least 30 students.3)Write a report of your survey,analyzing the answers of the respondents to your questions both in the questionnaire and the interview.Use a
26、t least 6 words or phrases in your composition from the list below.Remember to write neatly,whether you are male or female.Who are Teachers Pets,Boys or Girls?Part Four:Writing and Translation WritingReference Wordsquestionnaire statement survey comment correspond to analyze be likely to natural fai
27、rprefer perform in additionPart Four:Writing and Translation Writing This is a difficult question that I cant really answer on my own,so I made a survey among 30 other students for their opinions.There were 9 boys and 21 girls among them.I gave them each two statements and asked them whether they ag
28、reed or disagreed and why.I have chosen some of the interesting comments.“The teachers pets are the top students.Thats fair.”Seventeen students agreed with this opinion.They said it was natural because people always like the best things or the best people.In addition,it is easy for the top students
29、to draw the teachers attention.Average students have fewer chances to have close contact with teachers,let alone to be their pets.Who are Teachers Pets,Boys or Girls?Sample 1Sample 1Part Four:Writing and Translation Writing “Male teachers tend to like girls better and female teachers tend to like bo
30、ys better.”Five students agreed with this statement.They said that which gender will be the teachers pets depends on the teachers gender.Obviously,it is all because of the attraction between the sexes.Four students didnt agree with either statement because teachers like boys more than girls.They sai
31、d that teachers always think boys are smarter than girls.Teachers are used to asking boys to answer questions and letting them do hands-on work.One person said it was not because teachers liked boys better,but because they think girls are afraid of losing face.Part Four:Writing and Translation Writi
32、ng Finally,there were four students who thought teachers like girls more than boys because girls are more obedient and neat.They can,and will,help teachers do things.They also said that girls generally got higher marks.I think teachers in China are fairer than those in the West.When I read“Boys Are
33、Teachers Pets”I was surprised.I never thought girls would be ignored even if they were good students.Perhaps some teachers prefer girls in primary school and boys in middle school.But,all in all,I think the top students are always teachers pets.Part Four:Writing and Translation Writing To answer thi
34、s question,we designed a questionnaire and gave it to 30 students.They just had to put a mark in the square that corresponded to their opinion.We then analyzed the results of our survey.The results of the survey are shown in the following table:Who are Teachers Pets,Boys or Girls?Who are teachers pe
35、ts?boysgirlsneitherIt depends on the teacherIn primary school62022In junior middle school101136In senior middle school15654In college44166Sample 2Sample 2Part Four:Writing and Translation Writing According to the results of the survey,we can see that in primary school girls are thought of as teacher
36、s pets.When they are very young,boys are naughtier than girls,and the latter are generally very well-behaved.As they get older,boys are more likely to be teachers pets.In middle school,boys perform better in subjects like math and physics.Boys are thought to be cleverer than girls.As teenagers,both
37、girls and boys are well-behaved.Since boys are no longer naughty,it is easier for them to become teachers pets.End of Part 4End of Part 4Go to Part 5Part Four:Writing and Translation Writing Most students feel that neither boys nor girls become teachers pets in college.Teachers dont know their students as well as teachers in junior or senior middle school,so they dont have pets.According to the results of our survey,we can conclude that whether boys or girls are teachers pets depends on their age.
