1、（一）定语从句的基本用法（一）定语从句的基本用法u定语从句是修饰名词或代词的u被修饰的词叫先行词；u定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。u关系代词：1.先行词是人 who,whom,who,whom,whose,that.whose,that.2.先行词是物 which,which,whose,whose,that.that.u关系副词（从句中做状语）：1.先行词是时间 when.when.2.先行词是地点 wherewhere.3.先行词是原因 why.why.例句例句1：uThe man who/that was here yesterday is a middle school teach
2、er.1.先行词先行词 man（即从句修（即从句修饰的名词或代词）饰的名词或代词）;2.关系代词关系代词 who/that（修饰人）。（修饰人）。例句例句2：uThis is the town where I was born.1.先行词先行词 town（即从句（即从句修饰的名词）；修饰的名词）；2.关系副词关系副词 where（修饰（修饰地点，从句中状语地点，从句中状语）。）。1.The boy who/that is standing over there is my brother关系代词代替的先行词是关系代词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词人的名词或代词，在从句中在从句中作主语和宾语作主语
3、和宾语。E.g.Is he the man who/that wants to see you?（who/that在从句中在从句中作主语作主语）He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.（whom/that在从句中在从句中作宾语作宾语）关系副词可代替的先行词是关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或原因时间、地点或原因的名词的名词，在从句中作，在从句中作状语状语。e.g.July and August are the months when the weather is hot.(时间状语时间状语)Shes going home where she can r
4、est.（地点状（地点状语）语）Do you know the reason why I left early?(原因原因状语状语)把先行词放回从句，看它在从句中所作的成分。1.如果先行词在从句中如果先行词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语作主语、宾语、定语选选择择关系代词关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose)。2.如果先行词在从句中如果先行词在从句中作状语作状语，应选择，应选择关系副关系副词词（where 地点状语，地点状语，when 时间状语，时间状语，why 原原因状语）。因状语）。1.The man who came to our school is Mr.Wang.2
5、.The girl whom I met is Lucy.3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom.4.I like the book which you bought yesterday.5.His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone whose family was poor.6.I like the person to whom you just talked.7.We shall never forget the days that we spent together.8.We shall nev
6、er forget the days when we lived together.练习1.I still remember the day _ I first came to Beijing.先行词先行词“the day”在从句中做状语在从句中做状语,表示时间表示时间:I first came to Beijing on the day.(所以用关所以用关系副词系副词when。2。I still remember the day(_)we spend together.先行词先行词“the day”在从句中做在从句中做spend宾语：宾语：We spend the day together.
7、（所以在该句中（所以在该句中用关系代词用关系代词which/that，并且可省略。），并且可省略。）3.This is the place _ we worked last year.先行词“the place”在从句中做状语，表示地点：We worked in the place last year.(所以用关系副词where。)4。This is the place(_)we visited last year.先行词“the place”在从句中做visited的宾语：We visited the place last year.(所以用关系代词which/that,并且可省略。)u 先
8、行词在从句中做状语，用关系副词；先行词在从句中做宾语或主语，用关系代词。5。This museum is _ you visited a few days ago.A.whereB.that C.on which D.the one在句在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而中，所缺部分为宾语，而where,that,on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选关系代词，所以应选D。6。This is the museum _ the exhibition was
9、 held.A.whereB.that C.on whichD.the one而句而句2中中,主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词词组，可用介词in+which 引导地点状引导地点状语。而此题中，介词语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选用的不对，所以选A。u下列情况必须用下列情况必须用“that”,不能用不能用“which”:1.先行词先行词是all,little,few。Is this all that is left?(就剩下这一个了吗？就剩下这一个了
10、吗？)2.先行词先行词anything,everything,nothing。Have you got anything that belongs to me?(你那有我什么东西吗？你那有我什么东西吗？)3.先行词由先行词由none,much,only 修饰。修饰。The only thing that is important is to find our way home.(唯一重要的事是要找到回家的路。唯一重要的事是要找到回家的路。)使用关系词应注意的问题使用关系词应注意的问题4.先行词由序数词或最高级修饰。This is the best film(that)Ive ever seen
11、.(这是我看过的最好的电影。)5.“time”做先行词表示“次”。This is the first time that I have been to Beijing.(这是我第一次去北京。)l在非限定性定语从句中，先行词指物时只能用“which”，不能用“that”，而且“which”不能省略。Practice(练习练习)1.The beautiful card is from my friend _ lives in Australia.这张漂亮的明信片是澳大利这张漂亮的明信片是澳大利亚的朋友寄给我的。亚的朋友寄给我的。2.I borrowed the bike from Tom _ fa
12、ther is a teacher.我从爸爸是教师的汤姆那我从爸爸是教师的汤姆那借的自行车。借的自行车。4.We live on the earth,_ is much bigger than the moon.(非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句)我们住在地球上我们住在地球上,地球比月亮大多了。地球比月亮大多了。(“the earth”在从句中做主语在从句中做主语)3.This is the earth _ we live.这就是我们居住的地球。这就是我们居住的地球。(“the earth”在从句中做状语在从句中做状语)5.I still remember the day _ Mary made a chocolate cake.我一直记得玛丽做巧克力蛋糕的那我一直记得玛丽做巧克力蛋糕的那一天。一天。(“the day”在从句中做状语在从句中做状语)
