1、七年级英语下册语法知识点总结一、情态动词can的用法can+动词原形,它不随主语的人称和数而变化。 1.含有can的肯定句:主语+can+谓语动词的原形+其他。 2.含有can的否定句:主语+cant+动词的原形+其他。 3.变一般疑问句时,把can提前:Can+主语+动词原形+其他?肯定回答:Yes,主语+can。否定回答:No,主语+cant. 4.含有can的特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+can+主语+动词原形+其他?I can speak English.I cant speak English.Can you speak English? What can you speak?二、what
2、 time和when引导的特殊疑问句1.询问钟点时用what time,询问日期、月份、年份时用when。 2.Whats the time?=What time is it?现在几点了? 3.时刻表达法:顺读法和逆读法。顺读法:“钟点+分钟”直接读数字。如:7: 05 seven five;8:16 eight sixteen逆读法:借助介词past或to表示,要先说分再说钟点。 a.当分钟不超过30分钟时(包括30分钟),即30,用to表示。其结构为:“所差分钟(即60减去所过分钟数)+to+下一个整点”,to译成“差”,差几分钟到几点。 如:4:38 twenty-two to five
3、c.当分钟为30分钟用half表示,当分钟为15分钟用a quarter。三、how引导的特殊疑问句1.how 引导的特殊疑问句提问交通方式,其答语分三种情况:a.take a/an/the+交通工具(单数) b.by+交通工具(单数) c.on/in+限定词+交通工具 (只能坐在里面用in:in the car;可以走动用on:on the bus/airplane)-How do you go to school every day?-I take a bus to go to school every day./I go to school by bus every day./I go
4、to school on the bus every day.2.how far 用来提问距离,多远,其答语分为两种: (1)用长度单位表示:It is five kilometers.(2)用时间表示:Its twenty minuteswalk. 3.how long 用来提问时间,意为多久回答常用“for+段时”。 -How long have you learnt English? -For 3 years.4.how soon 用来提问做完某事还需要多长时间, 用于将来时态, 常用“in+时间段”来回答。 -How soon will you arrive in Beijing? -
5、In 3 hours.5.how oftne 用来提问频率-How often do you go shopping?-Once a week.四、祈使句祈使句一般表示请求、命令、劝说、号召、警告等。一般以动词原形开头,句末可以用感叹号或句号。 1.肯定的祈使句: (1) 实义动词原形+其他 :Please look at that boy.(2) be动词原形+形容词+其他:Be quiet, please.2.否定的祈使句: (1) Dont+实义动词+原形 Dont stand there.(2) Dont be+形容词+其他 Dont be so noisy. (3) No+n./V-
6、ing No photos.不许照相。No talking.不许谈话。五、现在进行时现在进行时指当前时间正在发生的动作。常与now,at this moment,listen,look等词连用。谓语动词结构:be+动词ing形式 They are having class.He is eating lunch.变为否定句直接在be动词之后加not,其他不变;变为一般疑问句直接把be动词提到句首,其他不变。They are having class.They are not having class. Are they having class?He is eating lunch. He is
7、 not eating lunch. Is he eating lunch?六、There be结构1.There be句型主要用以表达“某处有某人(某物),强调存在”其基本结构为“There be某物(某人)某地”,有时为了强调地点,也可把地点状语放在句首。There is a book on the desk.On the desk there is a book.2.have表示“某人拥有某人或某物,强调拥有和所属关系”。 The man has two cars.3.There be句型中的就近原则,即be和距其最近的主语保持一致。There are some pens and a b
8、ook on the floor.=There is a book and some pears on the floor.七、选择疑问句选择疑问句是指说话人提出两种或以上的情况,让对方选择是哪一种,两个选择部分用or连接。选择疑问句不用yes或no来回答,直接在两个选择里选一个回答。 -Is she tall or short? -She is tall.-Can you play the piano or play the guitar? -I can play the piano八、名词1.名词单数变复数规则在英语里面,名词分可数名词(countable noun)和不可数名词(unco
9、untable noun)。不可数名词没有单复数之分,用时只当单数词用;可数名词有单复数之分,一个的前面要用a或an,eg: a pencil, a basketball, a dictionary, an egg, an ID card,而复数即两个或两个以上的要作相应的变化,情况如下:(1)一般的词在单数词后直接+“s”bookbooks,penpens,carcars,mapmaps,cartooncartoons(2)以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词+“es”boxboxes,watchwatches(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词去掉“y”,改成“i”,再加“es”familyfamili
10、es,comedycomedies(4)以f或fe结尾的词,先去掉f或fe,改成“v”再加esknifeknives,wifewives,handkerchiefhandkerchieves(5) 特殊词,特殊变化,需单独记:childchildren,manmen,footfeet,womanwomentoothteeth,sheepsheep,deerdeer2.既是可数名词又是不可数名词的单词chicken当“鸡肉”讲时是不可数,当“小鸡”讲时可数;room当“空间”讲时不可数,当“房间”讲时可数;fish当食物用“鱼、鱼肉”讲时不可数,当“鱼的种类”讲时可数;hair泛指“毛发”时不可
11、数,当“一根或几根毛发”讲时可数;sound意思是“一般性的声音”时,不可数,指“一次发出的声音”时可数;paper当“纸”讲时不可数,当“试卷”、“论文”、“证件”讲时可数;time当“时间”讲时不可数,当“时代、倍数、次数”讲时可数;exercise泛指“锻炼”时不可数,当“练习、做操”讲时可数九、一般过去时一般过去时表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态(与现在无关) 。常与yesterday, last week, in 1989, just now, a moment ago, the other day等过去具体时间状语连用。He was here just now.他刚才还在
12、这里。What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做了什么事?一般过去时1.基本结构1).肯定句形式:主语+动词过去式+其他 I was an English teacher one year ago.一年前我是一名英语老师。I bought a yellow dress yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我买了一条黄裙子。2).否定句形式:was/were+not; 在行为动词前加didnt,同时还原行为动词I wasnt an English teacher one year ago.一年前我不是一名英语老师。I didnt buy a yellow dres
13、s yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我没买一条黄裙子。3).一般疑问句:was/were提到句首;Did+主语+动词原形+其他? Were you an English teacher one year ago?一年前你是一名英语老师吗?Did you buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon?昨天下午你买了一条黄裙子吗?4).特殊疑问句:特殊 a strong疑问词+一般疑问句What were you one year ago?一年前你是做什么的?2.一般过去时的用法1).表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,这种情况常与表示过去的时间状语连用
14、。(常用时间词有:yesterday, just now, last year, at that time, at that time, in 2003, in the old days.)I received a strange phone call.2).表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,这种用法经常与always,usually, often,sometimes等时间状语连用。I always got up too late, and never had enough time for breakfast.3).追溯过去的人或事。The book was written by Lu Xun.4