1、Unit 8 Chaozhou I.Lead in:General introductionII.Clear the way:Language pointsIII.DiscussionV.Proper ExpressionsIV.Additional Knowledge Lying in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River of Guangdong Province,Chaozhou is a famous national historical and cultural city in South China.It is hi
2、gher in the north and lower in the south with hills and mountains covering 65%of the whole city,mostly in the north of Raoping and Chaoan counties.I.Lead in:General introduction North of the city are mainly mountains,while the middle are hills and the Hanjiang alluvial plain.Starting from Fengshun C
3、ounty,the Hanjiang River runs to the sea via Chaoan County.The Huanggang River runs through the whole county of Raoping from north to south.Hills here are not tall but marvelous;rivers are not surging,but with beautiful scenery.with Jinshan Mountain in the north,the Penholder Mountain in the east,th
4、e Calabash Mountain in the west and the Hanjiang River in the south,Chaozhou is a city surrounded by three mountains and a river.The well known historic sites are the Xiangzi Bridge,which is a key cultural relics site under the state protection and one of the top four ancient bridges,the other three
5、 are the Zhaozhou Bridge,the Luoyang Bridge and the Lugou Bridge;the Xus mansion of the princesss husband,which is a rarely seen mansion architecture of the Song Dynasty(960-1279)and one of the Three Treasures of the ancient architecture of Chaozhou;the Kaiyuan Temple in Chaozhou,which is one of the
6、 only four extant Kaiyuan temples in China and one of the big four temples of Chaozhou;the Hanwengong Memorial Temple which is the oldest and best preserved one in China;I.Lead in:General introduction the Thai-style Buddhist temple with the largest land area of the like in China;the Beige Buddhist L
7、antern which originated in the Song Dynasty and being one of the eight major scenic spots of Chaozhou;The relics of the imperial kiln of the Song Dynasty,which is called the Village with Hundreds of Kilns;the Huanggong Memorial Temple,which is famous for its wooden carvings;the Jinsha Congxi Memoria
8、l Temple,which is claimed as the Number One in the south of the Qingling Mountain area;the Guangji city tower,which is as famous as the Yuexiushan Building of the Five Ram City;I.Lead in:General introduction the Ganlu Temple with a stone carving the Smiling Buddhist carved 16 meters deep the granite
9、 rock;the group of stones eroded by the ancient sea with a lot of stones like eagles,dogs,dragons and phoenixes;others like the Phoenix Pagoda,the Confucius Temple,the Wangda Tomb and the Lindaqin Tomb,etc.With a coastal line of 136 kilometers,Chaozhou is located in the subtropical zone with a subtr
10、opical oceanic climate.With an average annual temperature of 21.4oC,Chaozhou has a long summer and a short winter.No snow can be found here throughout the whole year.Chaozhou is a city with mild climate and abundant rain.I.Lead in:General introductionvulnerable Adjective 1.susceptible to attack;a vu
11、lnerable bridge(antonym)invulnerable (similar)assailable,undefendable,undefended,open (see-also)conquerable 2.susceptible to criticism or persuasion or temptation;vulnerable to bribery;an argument vulnerable to refutation(similar)susceptible 3.capable of being wounded or hurt;vulnerable parts of the
12、 body(similar)weak 4.susceptible to physical or emotional injury;at a tender age(synonym)tender (similar)young,immature II.Clear the way:Language pointsResemblanceNoun 1.similarity in appearance or external or superficial details(hypernym)likeness,alikeness,similitude (hyponym)mutual resemblance (de
13、rivation)resemble II.Clear the way:Language pointsauthentic Adjective 1.conforming to fact and therefore worthy of belief;an authentic account by an eyewitness;reliable information(synonym)reliable (similar)trustworthy,trusty 2.not counterfeit or copied;an authentic signature;a bona fide manuscript;
14、an unquestionable antique;photographs taken in a veritable bull ring(synonym)bona fide,unquestionable,veritable (similar)genuine,echt II.Clear the way:Language pointsbanquet Noun 1.a ceremonial dinner party for many people(synonym)feast (hypernym)dinner,dinner party (hyponym)gaudy (derivation)feast,
15、junket 2.a meal that is well prepared and greatly enjoyed;a banquet for the graduating seniors;the Thanksgiving feast;they put out quite a spread(synonym)feast,spread (hypernym)meal,repast (derivation)feast,junket II.Clear the way:Language pointsreplenish Verb 1.fill something that had previously be
16、en emptied;refill my glass,please(synonym)refill,fill again (hypernym)fill,fill up,make full (derivation)refilling,replenishment,replacement,renewal II.Clear the way:Language pointssavory Adjective 1.morally respectable or inoffensive;a past that was scarcely savory(synonym)savoury,inoffensive (anto
17、nym)unsavory,unsavoury,offensive 2.having an agreeably pungent taste(synonym)piquant,savoury,spicy,zesty (similar)tasteful 3.pleasing to the sense of taste(synonym)mouth-watering,savoury,tasty (similar)appetizing,appetising II.Clear the way:Language pointsbraising Noun 1.cooking slowly in fat in a c
18、losed pot with little moisture(hypernym)cooking,cookery,preparation II.Clear the way:Language pointspoaching Noun 1.cooking in simmering liquid(hypernym)cooking,cookery,preparation (derivation)poach II.Clear the way:Language pointscondiment Noun 1.a preparation(a sauce or relish or spice)to enhance
19、flavor or enjoyment;mustard and ketchup are condiments(hypernym)flavorer,flavourer,flavoring,flavouring,seasoner,seasoning (hyponym)relish II.Clear the way:Language pointsIII.Discussion1.Whats the characteristic of Chiuchow cuisine?2.Whats the original place of Chiuchow cuisine?3.What are the famous
20、 dishes in Chiuchow cuisine?IV.Additional Knowledge:The Culture and language OF Chaozhou v This is a unique area with its own culture that is quite different from its neighbours in Guangdong and the rest of China.It does,however,share similarities to the Minnan areas just north of Chaoshan in Fujian
21、 Province.One of the main reasons for its uniqueness is its language,called Chaozhou(also spelt Teochew).v It is said that this dialect of Chinese is one of the most difficult ones to master,as it has 8 tones compared to the 4 tones found in Mandarin.Music,opera,and food are further characteristics
22、that distinguish Chaoshan people from the rest of Guangdong.Chaozhou Dialect,by which the Chaozhou culture conveys,is considered as one of the oldest Chinese dialects for it preserves many elegant and refined features from ancient Chinese that have been lost in some of the other modern dialects of C
23、hinese.It is spoken by about 10 million people in local Chaozhou and approximately 2-5 million overseas.v Chaozhou Operav Chaozhou opera(潮劇)is a traditional art form which has a history of more than 500 years and is now loved by 20 million Chaozhou natives in over 20 countries and regions.Based on t
24、he local folk dances and ballads,Chaozhou opera has formed its own style under the influence of Nanxi Opera.Nanxi is one of the oldest Chinese operas that originated in the Song Dynasty.Its tunes are graceful and pleasant,full of local color.The old form of choral accompaniment still remains its spe
25、cial features.Clowns and females are the most distinctive characters in a Chaozhou opera,and fan-playing and acrobatic skills are more prominent than in other types of performances.v Gongfu tea,the espresso of Chinese teas with a formidable kick,which was first sipped back in the Song Dynasty,is sti
26、ll flourishing and remains an important part of social etiquette in Chaozhou.If you visit a family,you can be sure of at least one round of Ganghu tea.Though it tastes bitter when it first reaches your mouth,it is the lingering aftertaste that makes Ganghu tea probably the most charming tea culture
27、in China.Drinking Ganghu tea is in fact a process of aesthetics rather than a solution to thirst.v At the local teahouse,tea service is often accompanied with Chaozhou music(潮州音樂).String music,the gong and drum music,the ancient music of set flutes are the traditional play forms of Chaozhou music.Ch
28、aozhou string music is made up of mostly plucked and bowed string instruments,and on some occasions,wind instruments are used.The most characteristic instruments are the rihin(二弦),tihu(提胡)and yahu(all two-stringed bowed lutes),the sanxian,pipa,ruan,guzheng,and yangqin.v The number of instruments and
29、 performers in the ensemble is flexible and depends on the availability of instruments and musicians to play them-but to have an even and balanced texture only one of each instrument is preferred.Chaozhou drum music includes the big drum and gong,the small drum and gong,the dizi set drum and dong an
30、d su drum and gong ensembles.v The current Chaozhou drum music is said to be similar to the form of the Drum and Wind Music of the Han and Tang Dynasties.Chaozhou guzheng(潮州古筝)is also regarded a major genre of Southern style of Chinese guzheng.VI.Proper ExpressionsvChiuchow cuisine 潮汕菜潮汕菜vsavory dishes 美味佳肴美味佳肴 vgeographic proximity 地理相邻性地理相邻性vChinese Diaspora 散居在海外的华人散居在海外的华人vsteamed fish 清蒸鱼清蒸鱼vshark fins soup 鱼翅汤鱼翅汤vbirds nest soup 燕窝汤燕窝汤vbraised goose 红烧鹅红烧鹅
