1、Unit 4 I used to be afraid of the dark. 【重点词组】1. used to过去曾经 2. be afraid of the dark惧怕黑暗 3. from time to time时常 4. get good scores取得好的分数5. deal with对付|，应对6. get tons of attention得到大量的关注7. read books on European history阅读有关欧洲历史的书8. African culture非洲文化 9. be alone独处 10. give a speech in public作一个公开演讲
2、11. paint pictures画画 12. be nervous about tests 对考试感到紧张13. influence his way of thinking影响他的思维方式14. be proud of ./take pride in 为感到骄傲 15. be absent from classes逃课 16. fail the examinations考试不及格 17. make a decision下决心18. talk with sb in person 亲自找某人谈话 19. to one surprise使某人惊讶的是 20. feel good about on
3、eself对自己充满信心 21. a general self-introduction一个简要的自我介绍 22. in the last few years在最近几年 23. remain silent 保持沉默 24. have a great influence on sb 对某人有很大的影响【重点句式】1. -You used to be short|， didnt you? -Yes|， I did.-你过去个子矮|，是吗？-是的|，我是。2. -Whats he like now? -Hes tall now.-她现在是什么样？-她现在很高。3. Paula used to be
4、really quiet|， she was never brave enough to ask questions.波拉以前很文静|，她从来不够勇敢来问题。4. Its three years since we last saw our primary school classmates.自从我们上次见到我们的初中同学以来已有三年了。5. Emily didnt use to eat a lot of vegetables|， but now she loves carrots and tomatoes.艾米丽过去不吃许多蔬菜|，但是现在她喜爱胡萝卜和西红柿。6. -I used to be
5、 nervous about tests all the time. What about you?-Yes|， me too. And I used to hate P.E class.-我以前对考试一直感到紧张|，你呢？-是的|，我也是。 并且我过去还讨厌上体育课。7. My life has changed a lot in the last few years.我的生活在近几年改变了许多。【重点知识】Section A（1a 2d）a. 词汇包： be interested in对感兴趣该短语后接动词-ing形式、名词或代词|，其主语必须是人或其他有生命的东西。它相当于show/tak
6、e/have/feel (an) interest in|，其中interest为名词|，意为“兴趣”。其中be可换用get或become以强调由不感兴趣到感兴趣。【备课例句】Shes interested in collecting shells. =She shows an interest in collecting shells. 她对收集贝壳感兴趣。He became very interested in science when he was ten. 他十岁时就对科学产生了兴趣。（以前不感兴趣|，十岁时开始）【横向辐射】interesting & interest1.intere
7、sting作形容词|，有主动意味|，意为“令人有趣的”|，作表语时|，主语通常是物。作定语时|，既可修饰人|，也可修饰物。【例句】The story is very interesting. 这故事很有趣。This is an interesting book. 这是本有趣的书。2.interest作不可数名词时意为“兴趣、趣味”。作动词时意为“使（人）发生兴趣”|，其主语多为事物。【例句】Theyre all places of great interest in China. 它们都是中国的名胜。Your story interests me. 你的经历引起了我的兴趣。【课堂变式】I ha
8、ve _ to tell you. Maybe you will be _ in it.A. interesting something|； interested B. something interesting|； interestingC. something interesting|； interested D. something interested|； interesting 【解析】形容词修饰不定代词时|，应该放在其后面|，可先排除A。另外|，修饰某物时要用interesting|，可排除D。第二空的you是人|，故要用be interested in结构。答案选择C。b. 句式
9、包：1.Mario|， you used to be short|， didnt you? 马里奥|，你过去很矮|，对吗？used to do sth 意为“过去常常做某事”|，特指在过去经常发生的动作|，而现在已不再发生|，其中used to 可以看作情态动词|，用于各种人称。【备课例句】He used to play soccer when he was young. 他年轻时经常踢足球。（现在不踢了）She used to be an English teacher. 她过去是一位英语老师。（现在不是英语老师了）1.其否定句为didnt use to do或used not to do|
10、，used not可缩写为usednt。【备课例句】Mr. Li didnt use to drink beer. =Mr. Li usednt to drink beer. 李先生不常喝啤酒。2.used to 的疑问句形式是“Diduse to do?”或“Usedto do”。【备课例句】Did she use to get up early?=Used he to get up early? 她过去经常早起吗？3.used to 的反意疑问句也用助动词did(nt)或used(nt)构成。【备课例句】Mario used to be late for school|， didnt/us
11、ednt he? 马里奥以前上学经常迟到|，对不对？【横向辐射】be used to do sth & be used to doing sth.1.be used to do sth 表示“被用于做某事”|，是被动结构|，强调主语是动词use的承受者。【例句】Wood can be used to make desks. 木材可用来制作书桌。Stamps can be used to send letters. 邮票可用来寄信。2.be used to doing sth意为“习惯于做某事”|，其中to是介词|，后须接名词或动词-ing形式。【例句】I was used to the har
12、d life here. 我习惯这里的艰苦生活。He is used to working before six in the morning. 他已经习惯每天早晨六点以前干活。【课堂变式】1. She used to_ in the morning|， but now she is used to _ at night.A. read|； readB. read|； readingC. reading|； readD. reading|； reading【解析】前一空是used to do sth结构|，后一空是be used to doing 结构。若第二空采用be used to do
13、sth结构|，主语she不能成为use的承受者。另外|，由but now可知前一句说的是过去的情况|，后一空说的是现在的情况。正确答案是B。2. I used to go outside on weekends. (改为否定句) I_ _ to go outside on weekends.【解析】本题考查used to do的否定结构。其否定句为didnt use to do或used not to do。正确答案是didnt use/used not。2.What did his friends used to look like? 他的朋友过去长得什么样子？What does sb lo
14、ok like? 只用来询问某人的外貌长相|，相当于What is sb like?|， like在句中作介词|，意为“像”。【备课例句】What does Tom look like? (=What is Tom like?) 汤姆长得什么模样？He is very much like his father|， tall and dark. 他非常像他的父亲又高又黑。【横向辐射】What is sb/ sth like?& What does sb like? 1. What is sb/ sth like?What is sb like? 还可用来询问某人的品质。What is sth.
15、like?用来询问事物的性质|，特别是用来谈论天气状况|， like在句中作介词|，意为“像”。【例句】What is Lily like? 莉莉是怎样的一个人？Shes a very nice girl. 她是个非常好的女孩。Whats the weather like? 今天天气怎么样？Very fine. 很晴朗。Whats this book like? 这本书怎么样？Very interesting. 很有趣。2.What does sb like?该句型用来询问某人“喜欢什么”|，like为动词“喜欢”。【例句】What does Li Hua like? 李华喜欢什么？He li
16、kes swimming. 他喜欢游泳。【课堂变式】What does the lady look like? . A. Shes fine and well B. Shes really a nice ladyC. Shes tall and thin D. She likes wearing skirts【解析】A意为“她身体很好”|，B意为“她的确是个好女士”|，C意为“她是个瘦高个”|，D意为“她喜欢穿短裙子”。问句是问长相如何|，应选C。Section A（3a 3c）a. 词汇包：1. dare敢于|；胆敢|；可以作实义动词|，也可以作情态动词。（1）实义动词dare后面接动词不定
17、式to do【例句】I dare to swim across the riverI dont dare to say that.Do you dare to go with me?(肯定回答：Yes|， I do. 否定回答：No|， I dont.）（2）dare作情态动词时后面接动词原形（不带to的动词不定式）。【例句】I darent say that.Dare you go with me?(肯定回答：Yes|， I dare. 否定回答：No|， I dare not.)How dare you say that?If he dare break the rule |， he wi
18、ll be punished . 注意：dare作情态动词时主要用于疑问句|，否定句和条件从句中|，不用于肯定句（只有一个例外I dare say|，但那是一个固定短语|，意思是“我相信|， 可能|， 我想是这样”）。（3）在否定句或疑问句中|，现代英语口语常用实义动词的dare|，但省略后面的to|，直接接动词原形。【例句】I dont dare say that.Do you dare go with me?【备课例句】Mary dare not go home because she failed the math test again.玛丽不敢回家|，因为她数学考试又没及格。【课堂变式
19、】Would you like to come over to my house tomorrow?Oh|， I d love to . but I am afraid of your pet dog. I _ go close to it .A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. darent【解析】由题意可知|，我是怕你的宠物狗|，而不敢靠近它. dare作情态动词的否定式为darent|；故答案选D。2. give up 放弃后接动词-ing形式或名词|，但不能接动词不定式。后接代词作宾语时|，代词应放在give和up之间。You should give up sm
20、oking. 你应该戒烟。Math is too difficult for me. I think Ill give it up. 数学对我来说太难。我想我会放弃它。【横向辐射】give的相关短语give in 屈服|，让步|；give back归还|；give away分发|，赠送|；give sb a hand 帮某人的忙【课堂变式】Is he still raising money for charity?Yes. He never_ hope of helping poor children.A. gives up B. gives out C. takes off D. takes
21、 out【解析】gives out“分发”|；takes off “脱下起飞”|；takes out“拿出”。根据上句Is he still raising money for charity?及答语Yes可知答案选A|，意为“放弃”。b. 句式包：1. Candy told me that she used to be really shy and took up singing to deal with her shyness. 凯迪告诉我她以前真的很害羞并且开始唱歌来应对她的害羞。这是由that 引导的宾语从句。takeup:开始从事【备课例句】Jack took up running
22、for exercise to lose weight this month杰克这个月在跑步锻炼来减肥。【横向辐射】take up 的用法(1)占|，占地方 Thatbigtabletakesuptoomuchroom. 那张大桌子占的地方太大了。 LearningEnglishtakesupalotofmytime. 学英语占了我许多时间。 (2)开始从事 Wetookupphysicalchemistryatcollege. 在大学我们选学了物理化学课。 (3)讨论 discuss Wewilltakethenextlessonuptomorrow.我们明天将要讨论下一课。(4)从事|；经
23、手 Theteachertookupthelessonwhereshestopped.老师从昨天留下的部分开始讲。 (5)让乘客上车|；接纳 Thebusstoppedtotakeupthestudents. 公共汽车停下来|，让这些学生上车。 【课堂变式】Whats your plan for the new school year?Oh|， I am going to _a new hobby by learning to play the guitar.A. take part B. take up C. take back D. take care【解析】此题考查take相关的短语|，
24、由题意可知|，我打算通过学弹吉它开始一项新爱好。答案选B。 deal with “对付”、“应付”【备课例句】The young woman teacher didnt know how to deal with the noisy class. 这位年轻的女教师不知道如何应对喧闹的课堂。【横向辐射】deal with 与do with1 . do with常与连接代词 what 连用|，而 deal with 常与连接副词 how 连用【例句】I dont know how they deal with the problem . = I dont know what they do wit
25、h the problem . 我不知道他们如何处理这个问题。 2. 这两个词组在使用时有细微的差别。一般地说|，do侧重对象 |，deal侧重方式方法|；do with 表示“处置”、“忍受”、“相处”、“有关”等。deal with 意义很广|，常表示、“处理”、“安排”、“论述”、“涉及”等。【例句】 1 . They found a way to do with the elephant. 他们找到对付那头大象的办法了。 2. They could properly deal with all kinds of situations . 他能恰当地应付各种局面。 【课堂变式】1. Th
26、e boss found two boys stealing his bread but he didnt know _ A. how to do with B. what to do with them C. how to deal with it D. what to deal with【解析】deal with与do with都是处理|，应对的意思|，故选A。do with常与连接代词 what 连用|，而 deal with 常与连接副词 how 连用. 故选C。2. Only a very small number of people make it to the top.只有少量的
27、人才成功地到达顶峰。a small number of 意为：“少量的|，为数不多的”。Make it意为“办成|，做到|；成功”|；用来表示达到预定目标。【备课例句】Today make it close to be late for class. 今天我差一点都迟到了。【横向辐射】make it的用法 一、用来表示规定时间|，常与can|， let等词连用。【例句】 A：Shall we meet next week?下星期我们见面|，好吗？B：Yes. Lets make it next Sunday.好的|，让我们约定下星期日吧。二、用来表示达到预定目标|；办成|，做到|；成功|；发迹
28、。【例句】 ：Tell him I want to see him tonight|， at my house if he can make it.告诉他今晚我要见他|，行的话就在我家。三、用来表示及时抵达|；赶上。【例句】 ：He wont be able to make it home at Christmas.圣诞节时他到不了家。四、用来表示(疾病)等得到好转|；得救。【例句】 ：The doctor knew that the patient was unlikely to make it.医生知道那个病人没什么希望了。五、用来表示相处得很好|，受欢迎(或尊重)|，被接受(与with连
29、用)。【例句】 ：She finally made it with the crowd in Hollywood.她终于受到好莱坞人的欢迎。六、用来表示预定小吃。【例句】 ：Make it a cake and a bottle of orange.来一块蛋糕和一瓶橘汁。【课堂变式】Dont give up! Come on. I know you can make_.A. it B. this C. that D. so 解析make it 为固定搭配|，意为：“办成|，做到|；成功”|；用来表示达到预定目标。答案ASection B（1a 1e）a. 词汇包：all the time一直|
30、；总是相当于always。【备课例句】I have been busy all the time. 我一直很忙。【横向辐射】time的相关短语in time及时on time 按时for the first time 第一次at the same time 同时have a good time 过得愉快|；玩得开心at times (=sometimes) 有时【课堂变式】Look! The monkeys are jumping _. A. in time B. for the first time C. all the time D. at times 【解析】根据句意“瞧！这些猴子一直在
31、跳”可确定答案是C。Section B（2a 2f）a.词汇包1. cause (v.)造成|；使发生作动词|，常见用法有：(1)后接名词或代词。【备课例句】What cause his illness? 是什么使他生病？(2)后接双宾语|，即cause sb sth|，意为“给某人带来”。【备课例句】Im afraid Im going to cause you much trouble. 恐怕我会给你添很多麻烦。(3) 后接动词不定式作宾补|，即cause sb/sth to do sth|，意为“促使某人做某事”。【备课例句】Success causes him to work hard
32、. 成功促使他更加努力工作。【横向辐射】cause 作名词cause 作名词时|，意为“原因”|，近义词为reason。表示“的原因”常用the cause of 或the reason for。【例句】What was the cause of the accident? 这起事故的原因是什么？Give me your reason for doing that. 给我你那样做的理由。【课堂变式】Every year driving after drinking wine _ a lot of traffic accidents.A. happens B. provides C. cause
33、s D. affords【解析】happen“发生”|；provide“提供”|；affords“买得起”。根据句意“每年酒后驾车引发大量交通事故”可确定选C。2. waste (v.)浪费|；滥用作动词|，表示浪费时间、精力、财力和物力等|，常接名词作宾语。另外waste还可用于waste sth on sth/sb和waste sth (in) doing sth结构。【备课例句】He never wasted a moment. 他从不浪费一刻时间。Dont waste your time on these things. 不要把你的时间浪费在这些事上。He wasted lots of
34、 time in playing computer games. 玩电脑游戏浪费了他很多时间。【课堂变式】1.你不要把时间浪费在看电视上。Dont waste your time _ _ TV. 2.让那个孩子不要浪费时间了。Ask the child _ _ _time.【解析】1.in watching 2.not to waste 3. make a decision 下决定|；下决心该短语相当于动词decide。decision是动词decide的名词形式。【备课例句】She could not make a decision about the dresses. 她对（买不买）这衣服
35、下不了决心。We need to make a decision on this by next week. 我们得在下周前就这一问题作出决定。【课堂变式】Jack|， will your family move to Shanghai?Yes. Thats a very big my parents made.A. decide B. decision C. education D. difference 【解析】decide是动词|，意为“决定”|；decision是名词|，意为“决定”|； education 是名词|，意为“教育”|；difference是名词|，意为“差异|，不同”。
36、根据句意“那是我父母做的一个大决定”以及空格前的a确定用decide的名词形式|，故选B。4. no longer 不再|；已不【备课例句】I go there no longer. 我不再去那儿了。She no longer needed the shoe! 她不再需要那只鞋子了。【横向辐射】notany longer & not any more 1.notany longer 意为“不再”|，常可与no longer 替换|，多指过去持续的动作或存在的状态现在已不能再继续下去|，侧重指时间上不再延长。【例句】I cant wait for you any longer.=I cant n
37、o longer wait for you. 我不能再等到你了。2.notany more也意为“不再”|，可与no more替换|，多指再也不重复过去反复做或发生的具体动作。【例句】The baby didnt cry any more.=The baby no more cried. 那个婴儿不再哭了。【课堂变式】He no longer lives here. (同义句转换) He _ _here _ _ .【解析】doesnt live|， any longer。5. take pride in 对感到自豪在此短语中|，pride 为名词|，意为“骄傲”。另外be proud of 也
38、意为“为感到自豪”|，但proud是形容词。同时我们要注意这两个短语中的介词不同。【备课例句】They take pride in their daughter|， who is now a movie star. =They are proud of their daughter|， who is now a movie star.女儿成为电影明星|，他们感到很自豪。【课堂变式】We felt _ when Liu Xiang won the first prize again in the race.A. pride B. proud C. successful D. worried【解析
39、】pride是 名词|，意为“骄傲|，自豪”|；proud是形容词|，意为“骄傲的|，自豪的”|；successful是形容词|，意为“成功的”|；worried是形容词|，意为“焦虑的”|，feel在此是连系动词|，后接形容词作表语|，排除A。再根据when Liu Xiang won the first prize again in the race确定选B。b. 句式包：He has been working hard and is now one of the best students in his class. 他一直非常努力学习|，现在是班上最出色的学生之一。“one of +t
40、he+形容词最高级复数名词”意为“最之一”。【备课例句】Tom is one of the youngest students in our school.在我们学校里|，汤姆是年纪最小的学生之一。In England|， one of the most popular kinds of food is fish and chips. 在英国|，最受欢迎的食品之一是炸鱼和炸土豆条。【横向辐射】“one of+复数名词或代词”“one of+复数名词或代词”意为“中的一个”|，作主语时|，谓语动词用单数形式。【例句】One of the brothers is a scientist. 那些兄弟
41、中有一位是科学家。【课堂变式】1.October 12th was one of day in 2019|， for Shenzhou VI was sent up successfully into the space. A. exciting B. more exciting C. much exciting D. the most exciting【解析】“one of +the+形容词最高级复数名词”结构。exciting的最高级形式是the most exciting。正确答案是D。2.刘翔是世界上最受欢迎的体育明星之一。_【解析】Liu Xiang is one of the most popular sports stars in the world.
