1、Part 1. Warming up重点单词1. And what qualities does a great person have? quality质量；品质；性质 观察思考 Much of the land was of poor quality. 这块地大部分土质贫瘠。 She had many good qualities although she is a little rude. 她虽然有点粗鲁，但还有许多优秀品质。2. mean (1) adj. 吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的 She is too mean to make a donation. 她太小气不肯捐款。(2) v. 意
2、指某事，意思是；意欲，打算 That means wasting a lot of labor.那意味着浪费许多劳动力。 Really? I dont mean to waste any labor. 是吗？我没打算浪费任何劳动力。 . 常见搭配：mean to do sth. 打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 be mean to sb. 对某事刻薄 What do you mean by.? 你说/做.是什么意思？ be meant to do 要做，必须做 eg.You are meant to leave a tip.你得留下小费。 be mean with/a
3、bout 对.吝啬/小气 eg.He is very mean with his money. 3. A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others. devote（与to连用）献身；专心于 (1)devote oneself to献身；致力；专心 devote.to.把用于 He devoted himself to his career.他献身于自己的事业。 Please devote more time to your work. 请你把更多的时间用于工作。(2)devoted adj.忠实的；深爱
4、的a devoted fan/ friend/supporter 忠实的粉丝/朋友/支持者 devotion n.关爱，关照；奉献；忠诚be devoted to深爱；致力于即学即用1._ to his research work, the professor cared little about any other things. A. Devoting B. Devoted C. Having devoted D. To devote2.He devoted himself _ the poor. A. helping B. helped C. to help D. to helping
5、3.He made up his mind to devote his life to pollution from again.A.preventing;happening B.prevent;happenC.preventing;happens D.preventing;will happen注意： devote.to.中的to为介词，后面跟动词的-ing形式，类似的短语还有：object to 反对 stick to 坚持 lead to 引领，导致 look forward to 盼望get/be used to 习惯于 get down to 开始认真做 pay attention
6、to 注意 get/be accustomed to 习惯于 Part 2. Pre-reading, reading and comprehending 1. He fought for black people and was in prison for almost thirty years.fight 相关短语：fight +n. 与.作战 / 打架 = fight against sth fight for 为了.而战 fight against 与.作战 / 斗争 fight with 与.作战 / 并肩作战fight back 还击fight sb/sth off 抵抗或击退 f
7、ight about/over sth 因而争吵 eg.(1) fight a cold 抗感冒 (2) fight off repeated enemy attacks 击退敌人一次又一次的进攻(3) fight for independence/ equal rights为了独立/平等权利而战(4) fight against poverty/ injustice 与贫穷/不公正作斗争(5) If the enemy comes, well fight back. 如果敌人来，我们将还击。(6) Two dogs are fighting over a bone. 两只狗在为一块骨头撕咬。
8、(7) We will have to fight against difficulties. 我们将不得不与困难作斗争。fight with用于“与.作战”时，与 fight against 大致同义，但用后者语气更强。除此用法外，fight with 还有一些其它的用法，此时不能与 fight against 替换。如：The children fought with snow-balls. 孩子们打雪战。England fought with France against Germany in World War I. 英国在第一次世界大战与法国一起对德作战。比较：England fou
9、ght with against France. 英国与法国作战。 prison相关短语 把.投进监狱 put.in prison send.to prison throw/cast.into prison go to prison 入狱 be in prison 在狱中，被监禁 be taken to prison 被关入监狱 break(out of)prison越狱以上短语都表示行为，所以prison前均不加冠词，若表示地点，则其前应加冠词。如： The young woman went to the prison to see her husband who was in prison
10、 then.那位年轻妇女去监狱探望那时在坐牢的丈夫。 其他类似用法： go to school 去上学 go to the school 到学校去 in church 在教堂做礼拜 in the church 在教堂里 at table 在吃饭 at the table 在餐桌旁考题： While he was at _ college, he took part in political activities, and was soon thrown into _ prison. A. the; / B. /; theC. /; /D. the; the答案是C。第一空表示上大学，第二空表示
11、入狱，都不要冠词。 2. Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went to for advice. 曼德拉就是我去向他请教的那个黑人律师。advice 忠告, 劝告; 建议; 指点(1) a piece of advice 一条建议(2) She gave me some good advice on how to learn English. 她就如何学英语给了我一些好的建议。 (3) I think Ill take your advice and get the green dress. 我想我会接受你的建议，买那件绿裙子。 (4) Can I
12、 give you a piece of advice? 我能给你提一条建议吗？ (5) My advice is to go by train. 我的建议是坐火车去。 (6) We went to Paris on Sarahs advice. 我们依照萨拉的建议，去了巴黎。advise verbadvise + n. The doctor advised a change of air. 医生建议换换空气。advise sb. to do advise doing advise sb. on sth. She advises the government on environmental
13、issues.她是政府的环境问题顾问。advise + wh- + to do The pharmacist will advise which medicines are safe to take.药剂师会建议服用哪些药才安全。advise + that sb ( should ) + do advise sb. not to do sth.= advise sb. against doing sth.建议某人不要做某事自测题：（1）We are often advised _ notes in class, but few do so. A. taking B. take C. to ta
14、ke D. took （2）My sister advised me that I _ accept the job. A. would B. might C. could D. should（3）He often advised the young workers on _ the machine and they learned quickly.A. to operate B. how operate C. how operating D. how to operate（4）I advised _ until the right time but they wouldnt listen .
15、A. to wait B. waiting C. waited D. on wait （5）In one of his books, Marx gave some _ how to learn English. A. advices on B. advice on C. suggestion to D. suggestions ofKeys : （1）C （2）D （3）D （4）B （5）B3.,and I worried about whether I would become out of work.out of work意为： 失业 。out of business破产；歇业out o
16、f control失控out of repair失修out of order有毛病out of date过时out of ones reach够不着out of danger脱险out of question毫无疑问out of the question不可能的out of patience失去耐心out of mind心不在焉Out of sight,out of mind.谚眼不见，心不念。（离久情疏）即学即用（1）他必须正视失业这一现实。 He must face the reality of . （2）过期护照是无效的。 A passport that is is invalid.4
17、The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。 句中have seen的主语是时间名词the last thirty years. 动词see, find, witness 等词由时间或地点名词作主语
18、，以增添语言色彩，意为“(在某段时期或某地)发生（某情况），经历，经受”。 The city has seen many changes. 这座城市经历了许多变化。 Dusk found him crying in the street. 黄昏时发现他在街上哭。5 Black people couldnt vote or choose their leaders. 观察思考 The issue was put to the vote.这一问题被付诸表决。 Well listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote on it. 我们将先听取
19、双方的论点，然后再表决。 The whole team have voted me their captain.全体队员投票选我担任他们的队长。归纳总结vote n.投票；选票；表决；vt.& vi.投票；选举。vote for赞成；投某人的票vote against投票反对vote out（以投票方式）罢免（某人）vote down投票否决vote on/upon对投票表决vote sth.through表决通过（提案等）即学即用用适当的介词填空（1）I shall vote for (for/against) Bert because I think hes the best man.（2
20、）As we cant reach an agreement on this matter, lets vote on (down/out/on) it.choose用法：choose + n . 选中choose +to do 决定；愿意choose from / between 从选择choose sb. + as 选某人当choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. 为某人选某物choose + wh- + to do cannot choose but to do 只好做-(1) Some people say that they _ to live in
21、 the countryside.A. enjoy B. feel like C. choose D. miss(2) There are five pairs _ , but Im at a loss which to buy. A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosingKeys : (1)C (2)Bchoice noun C or U an act or the possibility of choosing:(1) Its a difficult choice to make. 这个选择很难做。(2) I
22、ts your choice/The choice is yours (= only you can decide). 你来决定。(3) It was a choice between pain now or pain later, so I chose pain later. 这是一个先痛和后痛之间的选择，我选后痛。(4) Now you know all the facts, you can make an informed choice. 现在你了解情况了，你可以根据了解的情况作出选择。(5) Id prefer not to work but I dont have much choi
23、ce (= this is not possible). 我不愿意工作，但我没什么选择余地。(6) He had no choice but to accept (= He had to accept). 他没办法只能接受。(7) Is she single by choice? 她自己选择单身的吗？6. we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government. 我们被置于这样一个境地：要么我们被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争
24、。 either.or.或者。或者。 bothand.两者都 neither.nor两者都不7. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。only 位于句首，修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句时，句子采用部分倒装的语序；修饰状语从句时，只有主句采用部分倒装的语序。如： Only in this way can you come up with a solution to the problem.只有这样，你才能想出解决这个问题的办法。 Only after being asked t
25、hree times did he come to the meeting.叫了三次他才来参加会议。 Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.病的很重时，他才卧床休息。Only then did I realize my mistake. 直到那时我才知道我的错误.即学即用Only in this way to make improvement in the operating system.A.you can hope B.you did hopeC.did you hope D.can you hope注意: only
26、只有在修饰状语时，句子才出现部分倒装；若修饰主语时，句子则不倒装。 Only he knew how to solve the problem. 只有他知道如何解决这个问题。8. In 1963, I helped him blow up some government buildings. 在1963年，我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼。blow up “炸毁，（使）炸得粉碎”; “给。充气，打气”Rebels attempted to blow up the bridge.叛乱分子企图炸毁桥梁。Can you lend me a pump to blow up my bicycle tyres?
27、 你能借给我个打气筒给车胎打打气吗?blow out 吹灭，熄灭blow off 不重视blow over 刮倒，吹倒9.But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.equal v.等于；抵得上；adj.相等的；胜任的;n.同等的人；相等物A equals B A等于BA is equal to B A等于Bbe equal to sth./doing sth.胜任某事/做某事be equal with与相等Thr
28、ee plus two equals five.=Three plus two is equal to five.3加2等于5。 注意以下介词的搭配：be similar to同相似be familiar to sb.为某人所熟知be familiar with sth.熟悉某物be indifferent to sth.对某事不关心；不在乎；不感兴趣be kind to对很和蔼be polite to对很有礼貌be friendly to对很友好即学即用（1）在体力上男人和女人相同吗？ Are men equal to women in physical strength? （2）她觉得自己
29、不适合接待来客。 She did not feel equal to receiving visitors.10.Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble.in trouble 处于不幸中 ask for trouble 自寻烦恼 get into trouble 遇到麻烦 have trouble in doing sth. 做某事有困难 make trouble 制造麻烦 He is in trouble. Lets help him out. 他处境不好，让我们帮帮他吧。 A yachtsman got into tr
30、ouble off the coast and had to be rescued. 一个驾驶帆船的人在海上遇险需要救援。 The naughty boy is always making trouble, but now he is really in trouble. 那个淘气的男孩总是制造乱子，不过，现在他自己真的遇到麻烦了。11. Elisa was willing to blow up government buildings. be willing to do sth. 乐意做某事Part 3. Learning about Languagelose heart灰心，泄气lose
31、ones heart to sb.爱上某人break ones heart使人难过（心碎）heart and soul全心全意地from the bottom of ones heart从内心里learn sth.by heart熟记a heavy heart 沉重的心情put ones heart into sth.对全力以赴，一心一意即学即用Though the girl hasnt lost heart to him,he hasnt lost heart.A.her;/B.the;his C./;hisD.her;thePart 4. Using Language1. It was a
32、 prison from which no one escaped. 那是一个没有人从那里逃掉的监狱。escape v,n 逃脱；避免 a fire escape 消防通道 have a narrow escape 九死一生verb. + from A lion has escaped from its cage. 一只狮子从笼子里跑了。+ sth (1)She was lucky to escape serious injury. 她很幸运避免了严重的伤害。 (2)Nothing important escapes her notice / attention. 重要的事她总能注意到。+ v
33、-ing He narrowly escaped punishment / being punished. 他侥幸逃脱了惩罚。+ sb His name escapes me (= I have forgotten his name). 我想不起他的名字了。noun: They had / made a narrow escape when their car crashed. 撞车时他们勉强逃过一劫。escaped adj. an escaped prisoner 一个逃犯2.He said they should not be stopped from studying for their
34、 degrees.他说他们不该被剥夺为获得学位而学习的权利。本句中包含“stop.from doing”结构，意为“阻止干某事”。类似的结构还有“prevent/keep .from doing”3.They were not cleverer than me,but they did pass their exams.他们并不比我更聪明，却通过 了考试。 本句中not cleverer than意为“不如聪明”，属于“not+adj./adv.的比较级+than”结构，意为“不如”，表示两种情况客观上的比较。而“no+adj./adv.的比较级 +than”结构意为“ 和一样不”，表示说话人
35、的主观感受。 did起强调作用。强调谓语动词时，在动词原形前加do, does 或did. Do be careful! He does speak English well. He did read the letter just now.4. I didnt work again for twenty years until Mr.Mandela and the ANC came to power in 1994. come to power意为：上台；掌权。be in power当权，执政lose power失去权力beyond/out of ones power 某人力所不及的with
36、in ones power 某人力所能及的do everything in ones power to do sth.竭尽全力做某事由come into+名词可构成的短语：come into action开始行动come into fashion流行come into effect生效come into office就职即学即用(1)他当权后就违背了他减税的诺言。 When he came to/into power ,he broke his promise of reducing taxes. (2)我将尽力帮助你。 Ill do everything in my power to hel
37、p you.5.I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.我第一次向（参观）小组谈论（罗本 岛监狱的情况）时，心里觉得很不好受。 典例体验 Each time I called on him, he was very busy. 我每次拜访他，他都很忙。 He came to see me immediately he came back. 他一回来就来看我。归纳总结句中的 the first time用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次时”。（1）名词短语作连词，引导时间状语从句的有：the momentthe minute =as so
38、on as一就the instantevery time每次/回就each time每当时next time下次时any time（在）任何时间（2）有时副词也可充当连词，引导时间状语从句，它们是：instantly,immediately,directly等，都相当于as soon as。即学即用 A they visited the Science Museum,they showed great interest in everything they saw.A.The first time B.For the first timeC.At first D.At the first ti
39、me6. They said the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks. 他们说这份工作和从新的南非政府领到的薪水是对我多年为黑人的平等权利而战的回报。 reward n.报酬，回报；v.酬劳；奖赏。in reward (for.)作为（对的）报答give a reward to sb.for sth.为某事给某人报酬（或赏金）reward sb.for (doing) sth
40、.因（做）某事报答某人reward sb.with sth.用某物/事报答某人易混辨异reward,award,prize(1)reward多指对某人的帮助、工作或服务等的报答，如帮助警察抓到罪犯或帮助失主找到东西而得到的赏金和酬金。(2)award指一种官方的奖励行为，往往用来奖励在工作中达到一定成就的人，重在强调荣誉而不在于奖品的大小或奖金的多少。Mr.Wang has been awarded the title of “Advanced Workers”.王先生被授予“先进工作者”的称号。(3)reward和award均可用作动词，award的意思是“授予，颁发；判给”；reward则
41、表示“报答，酬谢”之意。亦可从结构上区分两者：reward sb.for sth.,award sb.sth.。He was awarded the first prize for “Outstanding Industrial Design”.他获“杰出工业设计”一等奖。(4)prize多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽奖中所获得的奖。这种奖赏有的凭能力获得，有的凭运气获得。In this months competition you could win a prize worth $3,000.在这个月的比赛中，你可能获得价值3 000美元的奖金。即学即用（1）His movie won sever
42、al B at the film festival,which was beyond his wildest dream. A.rewardsB.awards C.prizes D.gains（2）We will offer a(n) C of ten thousand dollars for information about the case. A.awardB.prize C.rewardD.praise考题回扣【例1】I have reached a point in my life I am supposed to make decisions of my own. （浙江高考） A
43、.whichB.where C.howD.why 解析 当point,case,stage,situation等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时，若定语从句中缺少状语，则用关系副词where来引导定语从句。 课文原文 The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometres away.【例2】Over the past 20 years,the Internet has helped change our world in way or another for the better. （重庆高考） A.anyB.one
44、C.everyD.either 解析 句意为：在过去的20多年里，因特网已经帮助我们在一方面或另一方面改变得更好。any任何；every每一；either两者之中任一个（仅限于两者之间）。 课文原文 However,this was a time when had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.【例3】Charles was alone at home,with looking after him. （全国高考） A.someoneB.anyone C.not oneD.no one 解析 句意为：查理一个人在家，没有人照顾他。 由句中的关键词alone可知应选no one,指“一个人也没有”。 课文原文 could grow food there.
