1、人教版丨八年级下册8单元知识点总结Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?【重点单词：】八年级下册第八单元treasure tre n. 财宝，财富island alnd n. 岛屿full of 满是的，(有)丰富的classic klsk n. 经典著作，名著page ped n. (书或纸张的)页，面，张hurry hr v. 匆忙，赶快hurry up 赶快，急忙(做某事)due dju: adj. 预期的，到期的ship p n. 船tool tu:l n. 工具gun n n. 炮，枪mark m:k n. & v. 分数，记号;作标记sa
2、nd snd n. 沙滩，沙cannibal knbl n.& adj. 食人肉者;同类相残的，凶残的towards tw:dz prep. 向着，朝着，对于,关于land lnd n. & v. 陆地，大地，国土;着陆fiction fkn n. 小说，虚构，编造science fiction 科幻小说technology teknld n. 科技，工艺French frent n.& adj. 法语，法国人(的)pop pp n. 流行音乐rock rk n. 岩石，摇滚乐band bnd n. 乐队country music 乡村音乐forever frev(r) adv. 永远abro
3、ad br:d adv. 在国外，到国外actually ktli adv. 真实地,实际上,说实在的ever since 自从fan fn n. 乐趣southern sn adj. 南方的modern mdn adj. 现代的，现代化的success skses n. 成功belong bil v. 属于one another 互相laughter l:ft(r) n. 笑，笑声beauty bju:ti n. 美丽，美好的事物million miljn num. 百万record rek:d n. & v. 记录，唱片;录制，录音introduce ntrdju:s v. 介绍，传入，引
4、进line lain n. 排，队，列【重点词组】1.on page 25 在第25页2. the back of the book 书的背面3. hurry up 赶快;匆忙. in two weeks 在两周之内5. go out to sea 出海6. an island full of treasures 一个满是宝藏的岛屿7. w rite about 写作关于的内容8. finish doing sth. 做完某事9. w ait for another ship 等待另一艘船到来10. learn to do sth. 学会做某事11. grow fruits and veget
5、ables 种水果和蔬菜12. a few weeks ago 几个星期前13. the marks of another man s feet 另一个人的脚印14. not long after that 不久之后15. run towards sp. 跑向某地16. use.to do sth. 用来做某事17. signs left behind by someone 某人留下的标记18. read the newspaper 看报19. science fiction 科幻小说20. can t w ait to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事21. a good way to wa
6、ke up 醒来的一个好办法22. number of people 人数23. used to do sth. (过去)常常做某事24. study abroad 在国外学习25. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事26. come to realize 开始意识到27. ever since then 自从那时起28. the southern states of America 美国的南部地区29. belong to 属于30. be kind to each other 善待彼此31. trust one another 互相信任32. the beauty of nat
7、ure 大自然的美33. have been to sp. 去过某地34. do some research on sth. 对做研究35. hope to do sth. 希望做某事36. see sb. do sth. 看到某人做某事37. the firs t line in the song歌曲的第一行38. enjoy success in享受的成功39. at the end of the day傍晚的时候【重点句型】1. Have you read little Women yet? 你读过小妇人吗? Yes,I have. /No,I havent. 是的，我读过。/ 不，我没
8、有。2. Has Tina read Treasure Island yet? 蒂娜读过金银岛这本书吗? Yes, she has. She thinks i t s fantastic. 是的，她读过。她觉得它很棒。3. Would you like something to drink? 你要来点喝的吗?4. I heard you lost your key. 我听说你丢钥匙了。5.She came to realize how much she actually missed all of them. 她开始意识到，事实上她是多么想念他们所有的人。【重点知识讲解】1.already/
9、yet的区别：already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强 调或加强语气;yet 用于否定句和疑问句。He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。My teachers havent had breakfast yet. 我的老师们还没有吃早饭。Have you written to your parents yet?2.Whats it like? 它怎么样?【解析】某物怎么样? Whats +物+like?How+be + 物?某人怎么样?Whats +人+like? 用来提问人的性格What do / does +人 + look like?用来提问人的外
10、表。3.Oliver Twist is about a boy who went out to sea and found an Island full of treasures. 雾都孤儿 讲的是一个小男孩出海并发现了一个满是珠宝的小岛的故事。【解析】full of 充满be full of = be filled with 充满4. Its about four sisters growing up. 它讲述的是四个姐妹的成长故事。【解析】grow up 长大;成长 I grew up in Beijing.grow into 长大成为 Mary grew into a beautiful
11、 girl.5. You should hurry up . 你得快点。【解析】hurry up 赶快;急忙(做某事)(用在口语中，用来催促别人快走)in a hurry匆忙地 hurry to do sth 匆忙去做 hurry off 匆忙离开Im in a hurry. 我很赶。6. The book report is due in two weeks. 读书报告两周后就要到期了。【解析1】due adj. 预期;预定 , 通常只用作表语。be due to do sth 预期做某事You are due to hand in your composition on Friday af
12、ternoon.【解析2】in two weeks “两周之后”，in意为“在.以后”，“in+一段时间”用在一般将来时的句子中，意为“在.(时间)后”。He will be back in a week. 一周之后，他将回来。【注意】：after 常用在一般过去式的句子中。He got to Beijing after two hours. 他是两个下时候到北京的。7. When I first arrived on this island , I had nothing.当我第一次到这个岛上的时候，我一无所有。【解析】nothing 没有什么;没有东西用法：(1)不定代词，意为“什么也没有
13、，没有东西”。相当于notanything.There is nothing in the fridge.She has nothing to do .(2) 当有修饰词来修饰nothing等不定代词时，要放在不定代词后面。修饰词可以是形容词、动词不定式等。I want something to drink.I have nothing special to tell you.(3)在英语中，不定代词有：something anything everythingeveryone everybody someoneanyone somebody anybodyno one nothing nob
14、ody8. Ive brought back many things I can use food and drink ,tools , knives and guns. 我带回许多我能用的东西 食物、饮料、工具、刀和枪、【解析】bring 带来【辨析】fetch/ bring/ take(1)fetch v 去拿来=get 去(某地) 拿来(讲话者处)(2)bring (brought, brought) v 带来从(某地)拿到(讲话者处)bring up 养育，养大bring sb. sth = bring sth to sb. 给某人带某物(3) take v 带来 从(讲话者)拿走ta
15、ke took taken【短语】 take care 小心 take charge of 负责，看管take off 脱下 take out 取出take a look 看一看 take away 拿走take exercise 做运动 take it easy 不紧张 take ones time 从容不迫9.Who else is on my island?是谁在我的岛上?【解析】else 其他的;别的【辨析】other /else(1)other adj.“别的;其他的” 修饰n. 放名词前作定语。On the other hand “另一方面”(2) else adj.“别的;其他的
16、” 放疑问词或不定代词之后。10. I saw some cannibals trying to kill two men from a broken ship.我看见一些食人族正试图杀死来自一艘破船上的两个人。【解析】see sb. doing sth 看见某人正在做某事see sb. do sth 看见某人做了某事11. How long have they been here? 他们来这里多久了。【解析】have been (in) 待在某地have/has gone to“到某地去”，说话时该人不在现场，Where is Jim?吉姆在哪里?He has gone to England
17、.他去英国了。(尚未回来)have/has been to“曾经去过某地”，现在已不在那里了，后可接次数，如once，twice，three times等，表示“去过某地几次”，也可和 just，never，ever等连用。My father has been to Beijing twice.我父亲去过北京两次。have been in表示“在某地呆了多少时间”，常与时间段状语连用。I have been in Shanghai for three years.我到上海已有三年了12. One of them died but the other ran towards my house.他
18、们中的一个人死了，另一个朝我的房子这边跑过来了。【解析1】the other 另一个【解析2】towards prep. 朝; 向;对着(移向某处，只表方向)go/ walk towards . “ 走向.”drive towards . “ 向.开去“She was walking towards the town when I met her.【辨析】 towards / to13. I named his Friday because that was the day I met him.我给他起名叫“星期五”、 因为我是在(星期五)那天遇到了他。【解析】name v 命名n. 名字;名
19、称adj. 位于所修饰的名词之后, “名为.的” = named14. Would you like something to drink? 你想喝点东西吗?【解析】Would you like?一、would like“想要、愿意”，=want意思接近，比want语气委婉、客气。后接名词、代词宾格或动词不定式。其中would是情态动词，常可缩写为dLucy would like some eggs.露茜想要一些鸡蛋。Wed like to watch TV after school.放学之后，我们想要看电视。二、would like的固定句型1. Would you like some ?你
20、想要一些吗?该句型常用于征求对方的意见。肯定回答常用“Yes, please.”，否定回答常用“No, thanks.”需要特别注意的是，在该句型中要用some，而不用any，以表示说话人希望得到肯定回答。Would you like some apples?你想要一些苹果吗?Yes, please. 是的，我想要。No, thanks. 不，谢谢。2. Would you like to do sth ? 你愿意去做吗?该句型表示向对方有礼貌地提出建议或发出邀请，其中like可用love替换。Would you like/ love to play football with me?你想要和
21、我一起踢足球吗?Yes, Id like / love to. 是的，我非常愿意。Id like/ love to. But Im too busy.我非常愿意，但我太忙了。3. Would like to do sth. 想要做某事;Would like sb. to do sth. 想要某人去做某事。He would like to go out for a walk.他想要出去散步。Our parents would like us to study well.我们的父母想要我们好好学习。14. Every time she is in the library , Sally looks
22、 at the many books she hasnt read (not read ) yet and she cant wait to read them! 每次在图书馆，当萨利看到那些她没读过的书的时候，她总是迫不及待地想要去读它们。【解析】cant wait to do sth 迫不及待地做某事wait v 等，等候，等待 waiter n 侍者 wait for 等候 (后接名词、代词)Please wait for me at the gate.Wait a moment! 等一等。be kept waiting 一直等着。keep sb. waiting = make sb.
23、wait 叫人等着。 wait to do sth 等着做某事15. What do you think of them?你觉得它们怎么样?【解析】What do you think of? 你认为怎么样?【拓展】 think of / think about / think over辨析：(1)think of, 固定短语，表示“提到(某人、某物、某事或某主意等)，考虑，思考，对.有某种看法”， 后接名词，代词、动词-ing形式。- What do you think of your Chinese teacher?- I like her very much.(2) think of 表示
24、“思考，考虑，对.有某种看法”时，可以与think about 互换。What do you think of the movie? = What do you think about the movie?(3) think of 表示“相出，想着，想起”时，不可用think about 代替。I always think of my childhood.(4) think over意为“仔细考虑，认真考虑”，强调思考的程度比think of/ about深。相当于think about. carefully. 其中over是副词，宾语若是名词，则可位于over之前或之后;当宾语是代词时，则必
25、须放在over之前。Think it over before you do it.Its very important for you. You must think it over,When Sarah was a teenager, she used to fight over almost everything with her family.当萨拉还是一个青少年的时候，她常常几乎所有事情都和她的家人争吵。【解析】fight over 为争吵fight for + 抽象名词(事业、自由、权利) 等 “为.而斗争”have a fight with 和.打了一架2.But five yea
26、rs ago , while she was studying abroad in England, she heard a song full of feelings about returning home on the radio.但是五年前，当她在英国留学时， 她在收音机上听到一首充满思乡之情的歌曲。【解析1】abroad adv 在国外;到国外 My father often goes abroad.abroad 用法：表示到(在)国外，是一个副词，前面不加介词。go abroad 出国 live abroad 住在国外at home and abroad 在国内外【解析2】retu
27、rn = come / go back返回= give sth back 归还returen . to . 把.归还给.Dont forget to return it to the library.【解析3】on the radio 在收音机里;通过无线广播介词on 表示 “ 以.方式”on the Internet 通过因特网;在网上on the telephone 通过电话on TV 通过电视3.She came to realize how much she actually missed all of them.她开始意识到事实上她是多么想念他们。【解析】actually 真实地，事
28、实上actually 和 in fact 用法的区别actually adv.4.Ever since then, she has been a fan of American country music.从那以后，她成了一名美国乡村音乐爱好者。【解析】ever since 自从以来ever since 作连词时=since, ever起强调作用 ,主句常用现在完成时.I havent heard from him since last year.=I havent heard from him ever since last year.5.Many songs these days are
29、just about modern life in the US, such as the importance of money and success, but not about belonging to a group.现在的很多歌曲是关于美国现代生活的，例如：金钱和成功的重要性，但它们不属于一种类型。【解析1】modern adj.现代的，当代的such as “例如，诸如此类的，像那样的”，相当于like或for examplesuch as 后不可列出前面所提过的所有东西。I know four languages, such as Japanese and English. 我
30、懂四种语言，如日语、英语for example/such as辨析：for example“例如”，一般只以同类事物或人中的“一个”为例，作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。【析】for example意为用来举例说明，有时可作为独立语，插在句中，不影响句子其他部分的语法关系。He，for example，is a good student. 例如，他就是个好学生。such as“例如”，用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。【析】such as用来列举事物，插在被列举事物与前面的名词之间，as 后不可以有逗号，可以与 and so on 连用。Boys such as John and
31、 James are very friendly.像约翰和詹姆斯这样的男孩都很友好。【解析3】success 成功succeed v 成功，达到 success n 成功successful adj 成功的successfully adv成功地succeed in doing sthmake a success 取得成功【解析4】belong 属于; 归属【详解】belong v 属于 = be owned bybelong to +人名(不能用所有格)+代词宾格(不能用物主代词) 属于【注】：belong to不能用于进行时态或被动形式，其主语常常是物。Sth belongs to sb =
32、 sth is sbsThe yellow car belongs to Mr. Smith = The yellow car is Mr. Smiths.6.However，country music brings us back to the “good old days “ when people were kind to each other and trusted one another然而，乡村音乐把我们带回人们彼此友好、彼此信任的“美好旧时代”。【解析】be kind to 对友好= be friendly tokind of “有点儿，有几分”相当于a little 或a bi
33、ta kind of “一种”all kinds of “各种各样的”different kinds of“不同种类的”what kind of .的种类(用来询问事物的类别)7. Hes sold more than 120 million records. 他的唱片销量已经超过1.2亿张。【解析】million 一百万hundred n 百 hundreds of 数以百的thousand n 千 thousands of成千上万的million n 百万 millions of成百万的【注】：(1)当million 前面有具体的数字时，用单数形式(2)当million 后与of 连用时用
34、复数形式，millions of 是数百万的意思，前面不能加数词【口诀】：具体的不加s 也不加of，不具体的加s 也加of【记】Three million workers have planted millions of trees8. I hope to see him sing live one day! 我希望有一天能现场听他唱歌!【解析1】hope v 希望(1)hope to do sth. 希望做某事 I hope _ (see) you again.(2)hope +that 从句 I hope you may succeed(3)I hope so 我希望是这样(4)I hop
35、e not 我希望不是这样【注】：不能说 hope sb. to do sth但可以说 wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事hope/wish辨析:wish一般表示某种强烈而又难以实现的“愿望”，hope表示的是可以实现或能达到的“希望”。 I hope to see you soon. 我希望很快就见到你。 I wish I (be)back home, I dont like this place.【解析2】live 现场直播的;实况直播的I hope to see the Olypic Games live in 2016!我希望2016年能到现场去看奥运会。9.The
36、number of records he has sold. 他已售出唱片的数量。【解析】 the number of the number of 表示“的数目” ，后跟名词复数或代词，其后的谓语动词用单数。a number of 表示“大量的，许多” ，后跟复数名词，其后谓语动词用复数。10. Where is she from? 她来自哪里?【解析】be from =come from 来自She is from France=She comes from France.【注】be from 构成否定句时，在be 后加not;构成疑问句时，将be 提起。come from 构成否定句或疑问
37、句时，要借助助动词do或does.11. Have you introduced this singer/ writer to other?你给其他人介绍过这个歌手/作家吗?【解析】 introduce v 介绍;引进(1) introduce oneself to sb. 向某人作自我介绍Let me introduce myself to you.(2) introduce A to B.把A介绍给BMay I introduce my friend Jim to you?(3) introduce into 引进12. At the end of the day, the bus bro
38、ught us back to our school.傍晚的时候，公共汽车带我们回到了我们的学校。【解析】(1) in the end =at last =finally 最后，终于(2) at the end of 在.的结尾(反)at the beginning of 在开始【既可用来表示时间， 也可以用来表示地点】at the end of the speech 在演讲结束时at the end of the road 在路的尽头(3).by the end of 在.结束时，常与过去完成时连用(had+过去分词)【语法讲解】第八单元第九单元语法都讲的是现在完成时，更新第九单元的时候就不
39、更新语法了。现在完成时 (Present Perfect Tense)(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。Its so dark. 太黑了。Someone has turned off the light. 有人把灯关上了。(2)表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与since+过去的时间点，for+一段时间，since+时间段+ego, so far等时间状语连用。Eg. I have lived here for ten years.我已经住在这里10年了。(从10年前开始，持续到现在还住这儿)Eg. I have lived here since
40、2003. 自从2003年我就住在这儿。(从2003年开始，持续到现在还住这儿)(3) 基本结构及句型转换：主语+have/has+过去分词(done) (当主语是第三人称单数has,其余人称用have。)肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 I have finished my homework. (肯定句)否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他 I have not finished my homework. (否定句)一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他Have you finished your homework?Yes, I have. / N
41、o, I havent, (一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答)(4)has gone (to), has been (to), has been (in) 的区别 Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)Eg. -Where is your father?-He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has been (to) :去过(已不在去过的地方)Eg. My father has been to Shanghai. Have/has been in：呆了多久(还在所呆的地方)Eg. My father has been in Shanghai for t
42、wo months. =My father has been in Shanghai since two months ago.(5)现在完成时的标志：常与just, already, yet, ever, never, before, so far 等连用，强调动作的完成，不强调动作的持续。Have you ever been to Japan? I have just finished my homework.for + 时间段;since + 过去的时间点;since + 段时间 ago;since + 一般过去时的句子。They have known each other for fi
43、ve years. Since he was a child, he has lived in England.(6)动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则变化： 1. 一般在动词词尾直接加ed。如：pick picked picked; wish wished wished; stay stayed stayed2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d。如：like liked liked; hope hoped hoped; phone phoned phoned3. 以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed。如：study studied studied; hurry hurried hu
44、rried; reply replied replied4. 词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，要双写辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop stopped stopped; clap clapped clapped不规则变化：5. 以不变应万变。如：let let let; put put put; read read read6. 若中间有双写e，则去掉一个e，单词末尾再加t。如：feel felt felt; keep kept kept; sleep slept slept7. 结尾的字母d变t。如：lend lent lent; build built built; send sen
45、t sent8. 变为以-ought或-aught结尾。如：buy bought bought;bring brought brought; catch caught caught; teach taught taught【作话题】请你根据下表中所提供的信息以“Learn to express thanks”为题，用英语写一篇演讲稿。背 景1.认为上中学时吃好穿好是应该的;2.走向社会后没有感恩意识。学会感恩1.感谢社会提供良好的教育机会;2.感谢父母供养自己上学;3.感谢老师传授知识;4.感谢朋友的鼓励与帮助。参考词汇：enter society 进入社会， sense of thanks 感恩意识， behavior 行为要求：1.短文应包括所提供的所有内容，可以适当发挥，不要简单翻译;2.演讲稿中不得出现真实的人名、地名及能够透露你个人身份的信息;3.词数：80词左右。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Good morning, boys and girls!The topic of my speech today is “Learn to express thanks”. We find some students want to eat wel
