1、初中英语语法比较级和最高级知识点形容词、副词比较级和最高级一、定义。比较级:两者之间的比较叫做比较级。最高级:三者三者以上的比较叫做高级。原级:没有比较,同级比较。二、形容词、副词的比较级/最高级的构成。1、单音节和部分双音节的词:(去,改,双,直)(1)以字母e结尾的形容词,去e加-er或-est;large larger largestnice nicer nicestlate later latest(2)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,先改“y”为“i”,再加-er或-est;happy happier happiestearly earlier earliest(3)辅-元-辅 结
2、构的单词(重读闭音节)的形容词,双写最后一个辅音字母再加er或者est;hot hotter hottestthin thinner thinnest(4)在结尾加er或者est;strong stronger strongestslow slower slowest2、多音节词和部分双音节词:在词前加more或most。delicious more delicious most deliciousbeautiful more beautiful most beautifulboring more boring most boringeasily more easily most easily
3、3、不规则变化(两个好,两个坏,两个多;一个小又少,还有一远和一老。)good/well better best bad/ill/badly worse worstmuch/many moremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest(farther是指距离或时间上更远的further是指程度上进一步的)4.特殊变化:既可以+er/est,又可以+more/most的单词有clever,handsome,polite,Simple,stupid,friendly。注意:形容词
4、最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the,副词最高级前可不用.The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.三、比较级/最高级的一般用法。1.形容词的比较级(1)A +be/系动词 + 形容词比较级 + than + B.I am taller than you.Pie is more delicious than pizza.(2) Who/which/whose.+形容词比较级,A or B ?Who is taller,Tim or Tom?Which boy is more clever, this one or that one?注意:两者之间比
5、较,比较级后面有名词则前面必须+theWho is the taller boy,Tim or Tom?Which is the more clever boy, this one or that one?2.副词的比较级(1) A + 行为动词 + 副词比较级 + than + B.Tim runs faster than Tom.He studies better than me.(2)Who/which/whose.+副词比较级,A or B ?Who jumps higher, Tim or Tom?Which dog eats more, this one or that one?注
6、意:标志词than,or修饰比较级的词语有much,even,a little,a lot, still,farmany.more,quite,very 不能修饰比较级只有同类事物才能作比较比较句中的代替词,the one(代替可数名词单数)that (代替单数名词或不可数名词)the ones=those(代替可数名词复数)The apples in the red basket are bigger than those in the blue basket.The weather in Shanghai is warmer than that in Beijing.3. 形容词的最高级(
7、1)A +be/系动词 + the + 形最高级 + 比较范围(of /in/among).I am the tallest in the class.Pizza is the most delicious food of the three.(2)Who/which/whose.+形容词最高级,A,B or C?Who is the tallest, Tim,Bob or Tom?4.副词的最高级(1)A + 行为动词 + 副词最高级 + 比较范围(of/in/among).Liutao runs fastest in his school.He studies best of us.(2)
8、Who/which/whose.+副词最高级,A,B or C?Which dog eats most, the first one,the second on or the third one?注意:标志词of,among,in,or四、比较级/最高级的特殊用法。1. 比较级的特殊用法(1)“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越”如:It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.春天来了,天气变得越来越暖和了.It is getting cooler and cooler.天气越来越凉爽.The
9、wind became more and more heavily.风变得越来越大.Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的学校变得越来越美丽.(2)“the +比较级, the+比较级”,表示“越越”.The more money you make, the more you spend.钱你赚得越多,花得越多。The sooner,the better.越快越好。The more the better.多多益善。The more you eat,the fatter you will be.(3) the+比较级+of the t
10、wo() ,比较级前加the,表示两者中的更.的一个。He works the harder of the two.She is the taller of the two.2. 最高级的特殊用法(1) one of +the +最高级+名词复数,表示 “最的之一”这是花园里最漂亮的花之一。This is one of the most beautiful flowers in the garden.(2) the+序数词+最高级,表示“第.最.的”The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河流。五、原级。as
11、.as.用法(1) A=B(程度相同): as +adj./adv.原级+as He is as tall as Tom.他和Tom一样高。 He runs as fast as Tom.他跑的和Tom一样快(2) A不如B: not as/so +adj./adv.原级+as He is not as/so tall as Tom.他不如Tom高。 He doesnt run as/so fast as Tom.他跑的不如Tom快。六、原级、比较级,最高级之间的转换。(1)原级和比较级之间的转换A.+not as/so +adj./adv.原级+as.B=A.less+adj./adv.原级
12、+than.BThat book isnt as/so interesting as this book.That book is less interesting than this book.This book is more interesting than that book.(2)比较级和最高级之间的转换(同一范围内)any other+名词单数A.adj./adv.比较级+than+ +比较范围the other+名词复数A. the+adj./adv.最高级+比较范围Tom is the tallest in his class.Tom is taller than the ot
13、her students in his class.Tom is taller than any other student in his class.备注:Beijing is bigger than any city in Japan.(不同范围的比较)七、事物量的比较。1.两种事物的比较(1)AB,可数,A+.fewer+可数名词+than+B(2)AB, 不可数,A+.less+不可数名词+than+B(3)AB,可数/不可数,A+.more+可数名词复数/不可数名词+than+BHe joins fewer clubs than I.We drink less coffee than
14、 teas.He has more time than I.He has more books than I.2.三种及三种以上事物的比较(1)可数名词,表示最少的. .the fewest+名词复数(2)不可数名词,表示最少的. .the least+名词(3)可数/不可数名词,表示最多的. .the most+名词复数She can sing the fewest songs in our class.He finishes the least homework of us.Simon drinks the most milk among the tree boys.八、表示倍数的比较级用法。1. A is times as big /high/long/wide/large as B.(A是B的几倍),两倍用twice,三倍及三倍以上用“数字+times”。如:Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大.(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)2.A is times larger /higher/longer/wider than B.(A比B大/高/长.倍)如:Our school is twice bigger than yours.我们学校比你们学校大两倍.