1、广州牛津新版七年级上册Unit3 The Earth 复习资料一、 单词短语默写地球 知识竞赛;小测试 模式;形式 保护 报告 部分 陆地 田地 大的 提供 污染 燃烧 能量;能源 污染 到.里面;进入 地面 杀死 必须 重要的 事实 公里;千米 自己的 捕捉 不多;很少 去别处;朝另一个方向 问题;难题短语为.提供. 把.倒入. 扔掉二、Reading1. There are forests and rivers, mountains and fields.有森林、河流、高山和田野。field此处是可数名词，意为“田野；田地” work in the fields在田里干活a footbal
2、l field一个足球场 the field of science科学领域2. Some places are very hot, and some are very cold. somesome一些另一些， someothers一些另一些（不是全部） somethe others 一些其它的（剩下的全部） 区分：onethe other 一个另一个3. Some are large. Some are small. 一些很大。一些很小。 large意为 “大的，巨大的”，常指面积，范围，可表示数和量（当它直接用于人时，可表示身体的大），其反义词为small。如：They say China
3、is a large and beautiful country.他们说中国是一个面积大而美丽的国家。 We have a large farm.我们有一个大农场。I like the colour, but its too large。我喜欢这种颜色,但是它太大了. a large number of 大量的 big“大的”，常指容积，重量等（还可表示“伟大，重要”之意）。用于具体事物（其反义词多为little）。如：This is a big cock.这是只大公鸡。Jims cake is the biggest of all.吉姆的蛋糕是所有蛋糕中最大的。There is a big
4、tree beside the house.房子旁边有一棵大树。 great“极大的，伟大的，重大的”，常指数量，体积大（或指抽象的事物或精神方面的东西，如知识，能力，人格等），用来指人时，表示“伟大的，杰出的”。如：We heard a great noise.我们听到一个很大的响声。Mao Zedong is a great leader of China.毛泽东是中国的伟大领袖。 区分：China is a large country. 强调面积 China a big country. 强调实力China is a great country. 强调伟大 a large box一个大箱
5、子（强调体积大，不一定重） a big box一个大箱子（强调不仅大，而且重） a large person大个子 a big person伟人，大人物4. Some live on the land. Some fly in the sky. Some live under the water. 有些生活在陆地上，有些飞翔在天空中， 还有些住在水底下。注意介词搭配 on the farm on the playground 区分：on the wall in the wall 区分： on the tree in the tree 5. There are also many people
6、like you and me on Earth. 地球上还有很多像你我一样的人。 区分also; too; eitheralso常用于肯定句中，位于实义动词前，或用于be动词，情态动词之后；而too通常用于肯定句末；either用于否定句末He also enjoys reading.他也喜欢阅读He is also clever.他也很聪明I really like this song, and I like the first one too.我很喜欢这首歌，我也喜欢第一首I dont like singing. She doesnt like singing, either. 我不喜欢
7、唱歌她也不喜欢唱歌本句中like是介词，意为像一样Thats not right. Do it like this. 那样不对，像这样做才对。. The Earth provides us with air, water and food.地球为我们提供了空气、水少食物。 provide及物动词，意为“提供”，常与介词with连用，provide sb. with sth.= provide sth. for sb. 例；The sun provides us with light and heat.= The sun provides light and heat for us.太阳给我们提
8、供光和热。 辨析：provide指“准备好必需品来供应”offer指“主动地提供帮助、支撑等” They provide food for the hungry children. 他们为饥饿的孩子们提供食物。 The boys offered to help the old.男孩们主动帮助老年人。offer to do sth.主动做某事7. Today, there is a lot of pollution.今天，有很多污染。 pollution不可数名词，意为“污染”。air pollution空气污染noise pollution噪声污染There is a lot of pollu
9、tion in the air here.这里的空气有大量的污染。 pollute及物动词，意为“污染；弄脏” The dirty water from the factory pollutes the river.来自工厂的脏水污染了这条河。8. We burn things to make energy. burn及物动词，意为“燃烧；点燃”. energy不可数名词，意为“能量；能源” make energy“制造能量；获取能量” She burns all her books.她把书全烧了。It is important to save energy.节省能源十分重要。 Now, pe
10、ople use water, the wind and the sun to make energy.如今，人们利用水、风和太阳来获取能量。9. We put our rubbish into the sea and under the ground. 我们把垃圾倒入海洋、埋入地下。 putinto把放入；把倒入 They put the waste waer into the river. 他们把废水倒入河中。 Please put all your toys into the box. 请把你所有的玩具都放入这个箱子里。 拓展：和put有关的短语：put up 举起；张贴put off推
11、迟；推延put away把收拾好 put down放下；写下；记下put on穿上 put out熄灭；扑灭10. This pollutes the Eatrh and kills animals and plants.这污染了地球，杀死了动物和植物。 kill 杀害 this这个代词除了指代物体之外还常常用于指代前文所提及的某件事情。 Why did she kill her husband?她为什么杀死丈夫？11. We must stop doing these things.我们必须停止做这件事。 stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事”，即停下手头正在做的事情。如：Its
12、time for class.Stop talking.到上课时间了，不要说话了。 When the teacher came into the classroom, all the students stopped talking.当老师走进教室的时候，所有的学生都不说话了。区分：stop doing sth.和stop to do sth.。前者是指停止手头正在做的事情，而后者是指停下手头的事情，去做另一件事情。 We stopped to talk when we met in the street.当我们在街上碰见时，我们停下来说话。 We are all tired. Lets st
13、op to have a rest.我们都累了，停下来休息一会儿吧。13. It is important for us to protect the Earth for our future.对我们来说，为未来而保护地球是重要.的。 It is+ 形容词adj.+for sb. +动词不定式短语to do sth对某人来说做某事是It is important for us to learn English.对我们来说学英语很重要。Its very important for us to learn English well. 对我们来说学好英语很有用。It is good for me t
14、o eat more vegetables. 多吃蔬菜对我而言是有好处的。以上句型中，有时也可将for sb.省去，即 It is +adj.+ to do sth.做某事是样的三、 Grammar名词是表示人，事物，地点或抽象概念的名称。名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词表示可以用数字进行计算的名词，不可数名词表示不能用数字进行计算的。可数名词有单复数形式，若要表示一本书、一只鸟、一棵树等概念，需使用名词的单数形式。表示名词的单数时，要在名词前面加上冠词a或an.若要表示两个或两个以上的概念时，要用到名词的复数形式。My younger sister has a job in a sto
15、re.我妹妹在商店工作。She has two jobs.她打两份工。（一）、可数名词与不可数名词可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词表示单个人和事物。表示一群人或一些事物的名称。表示物质或不具备形状和大小的个体的物质。表示动作、状态、品质或其他抽象概念。mother, flower, tree, bagpeople, police, family milk, rice, bread English,water, money,news, weather, love注:集体名词做主语时,谓语动词可以用单数,也可以用复数,如果强调整体用单数,强调个体或成员,则用复数. The pol
16、ice are searching for him. The Chinese people are brave and hardworking.（二）、名词复数形式变化：（1）规则变化 1）一般变化， 在名词后加-s，如：bookbooks; bagbags 2) 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名面，加-es，如：busbuses; boxboxes; watchwatches; wishwishes; glassglasses 3) 以辅音字母加-y结尾的单词，变y为i再加-es，如：citycities; countrycountries; studystudies; familyfam
17、ilies 4) 以f或fe结尾的单词，有些将f或fe变为v, 再加-es; 有些只加-s : wifewives; knifeknives; wolfwolves; thiefthieves; shelfshelves; myselfmyselves; lifelives; halfhalves; leafleaves; roofroofs; chiefchiefs; beliefbeliefs; proofproofs; handkerchiefhandkerchiefs/handerchieves(手帕头巾)记住下面这首顺口溜，相信你就不会觉得难了。妻子（wife）持刀(knife)去宰
18、狼(wolr)，小偷(thief)吓得发了慌；躲在架后(shelf)保己命(myself)， 半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光。 按：顺口溜中的红体字是中学阶段学过的九个以f(e)结尾的名词：wife(妻子)，knife(小刀)，wolf(狼)，thief(小偷)，shelf(架子)，self(自己)，life(生命)，half(一半)，leaf(树叶)。这九个词变复数时，都是改-f(e)为ve再加-s。由self构成的复合词，其变化与self相同(如：myselfourselves；yourselfyourselves；himself，herselfitselfthemselves)。
19、5) 以o结尾的名词，有些加-s ，有些加-es。如： heroheroes; NegroNegroes; potatopotatoes; tomatotomatoes (两人两菜)photophotos; radioradios; pianopianos; studiostudios; bamboobamboos; zerozeros/zeroes; （）不规则变化childchildren; footfeet; toothteeth; goosegeese; mousemice; manmen; womanwomen注意：由一个词加man或woman构成的合成词，其复数形式同上。Engli
20、shmanEnglishmen; Frenchmanfrenchmen; 但GermanGermans(不是合成词)（）单复数同形 deer; sheep; fish; Chinese; Japanese（）有些名词只用复数形式： clothes(衣服); pants(短裤；裤子); jeans(牛仔裤); shorts(短裤); glasses(眼镜); scissors(剪刀)这类词常与a pair of ; two pairs of 这样的短语连用（）某些词虽以s结尾，但仍为单数；a. maths, politics, physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数；b.news为不
21、可数名词；c. the United States(the US); the United Nations(the UN)应视为单数;（三）、不可数名词只有单数形式。物质名词通常属于不可数名词。如：液体和气体：water; milk; air; 思想和感觉：beauty; love; hate极小的物体：rice; salt; sand 学校科目：English; Maths; Art四、一般现在时中，单数可数名词和不可数名词后要用动词的第三人称单数形式；可数名词复数后要用动词原形。如：This orange comes from Germany.This coffee comes from
22、Germany. These oranges come from Germany.五、不可数名词的量词物质名词的数量，一般用单位或容器的量表示，即“单位of物质名词”的形式。I had a bowl of soup and two cups of tea just now.我刚刚喝了一碗汤和两杯茶。如 a piece of; a bottle of ; a glass of ; two cups ofThere be 句型There be 句型与have（has; had）的各种形式的区别 1、there be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人） There is a vase on the ta
23、ble.2、在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is ; 主语是复数，be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品，be 动词根据最邻近be 动词的那个名词决定,即“就近一致”。There is a duck in the pond. There are some ducks in the pond.There is a ball and some toys on the floor. There are some balls and a toy on the floor.3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词提到句首。在there be句
24、型的般疑问句中，如果可数名词的复数形式和不可数名词前没有别的修饰词，往往都要用any来修饰。There isnt s a vase on the table. Is there a vase on the table?-Is there a post office near here? -Yes, there is .-Are there any students in the classroom? -No, there arent.Are there any teachers from America in your school?Is there any rice in your bowl
25、4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。I have a lot of friends in the classroom.There are a lot of students in the classroom.5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句,any 用于否定句或疑问句。There is some water in the glass. There isnt any water in the glass.6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运
26、用：and 用于肯定句，or 用于否定句。There isnt a pen or two books on the desk. 7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？ How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？-How many students are there in your school? -There are about two hundred (students in our school).8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：Whats + 介词短语？There is a
27、 bird in the tree. Whats in the tree?There are some bikes over there. Whats over there?There is a little girl in the room. Who is in the room?、There be结构一般用在句子的开头，而have等词只能用于某一个主语后面。四、练习（一）、单项选择题1. _something wrong with my car. Can I use yours?A. It is B. It was C. There is D. There was2. Mr. Liu as
28、ks the students _ in the river, because its too dangerous.A. swim B. to swim C. not to swim D. not swimming3. Theres going to _ in tomorrows newspapers.A. have something new B. have new something C. be something new D. be new something 4. -There is no air or water on the moon. Is there?- _.A. Yes, t
29、here are B. No, there isnt C. Yes, there isnt D. No, there is5. _ is there on the table?A. How many apples B. How much bread C. How much breads D. How many food6. There _ pencil-box, two books and some flowers on the desk.A. is a B. are some C. has a D. have some7. The boys have got already.A. two b
30、read B. two breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread8. We cant work out the Maths problem. Can you tell us _?A. how to do B. what to do it C. how to do it D. what should to do9. It is very important for us _ English well!A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned10. There goes the bell.-
31、 It is time for class. Lets stop _.A. talk B. talks C. to talk D. talking（二） 阅读理解A Food is very important. Everyone needs to eat well if he or she wants to have a strong body. Our minds also need a kind of food. This kind of food is knowledge. When we are very young, we start getting knowledge. Youn
32、g children like watching and listening. Color pictures especially interest them. When children are older, they enjoy reading. When something interests them, they love ask questions. Our minds, like our bodies, always need the best food. Studying on our own brings the most knowledge. If someone is al
33、ways telling us answers, we never learn well. When we study correctly and get knowledge on our own, we learn more and understand better.11. Why does everyone need to eat well? It can help people_?A. be healthy B. study well C. enjoy learning D. like color pictures12. What kind of food do our minds n
34、eed?A. Pictures B. Books C. Rice D. Knowledge13. When do we start getting knowledge?A. When we are old B. When we are youngC. When we are students D. When we are teachers14. Why do children like watching and listening?A. They want to eat nice food B. They are too youngC. They have many color picture
35、s D. They need knowledge15. You wont learn well, if you_?A. study on your own B. study correctlyC. ask questions D. are always told the answersBDo you like climbing mountains? My friend Ted does. He has never climbed a dangerous Mountain, but he has climbed some quite big and difficult ones .He bega
36、n to climb rocks When he was quite a small boy .Then his father took him with him one summer when he Climbed some hills while the family were having a holiday in Scotland. And again he was very happy. Last summer holidays, Teds uncle invited him to go to Switzerland. The mountains are high there. Th
37、ey went to Switzerland by train and had a very good holiday .They climbed several mountains. Once Teds uncle tied him with a rope because the mountains were rather steep(陡峭的). At the end of the holidays he said to Ted. “you are still very young, but you already climb well” Ted was very glad. Now Ted
38、 wants to go to India to climb some of the high mountains in the Himalayas, but he is still young, and also he hasnt got enough money .Perhaps some day he will have enough money and then he can go to India.16. What does Ted like?A. Wasting time B. Travelling. C. Climbing mountains D. Playing basebal
39、l17. Where did Teds uncle invite him to go?A. India B. Scotland C. Greece .D. Switzerland18. How did they go to Switzerland?A. By air B. By train C. By car D. By ship19. Where does Ted want to go?A. China B. India C. Scotland D. Miami20. Where did the family have a holiday?A. Hawaii B. India C. Scot
40、land D. Miami（三）、根据汉语提示完成句子21. 一些生活在陆地上。一些飞行在天空中。一些生活在水下。Some live _ _ _ .Some fly _. Some live _ _ _. 22. 地球为我们提供空气、水和食物。 The Earth _ us _air, water and food. 23. 我们把垃圾倒入海中或地下。We _our rubbish _the sea and under the ground. 24. 我们必须停止做这些事情。We must _ _ these things25. 对我们来说，为了未来，保护好地球 是很重要的。It is important _ us _ _the Earth for our future.
