1、中考英语语法专项复习：主谓一致教学设计北戴河新区长白学校 姜殿凤考情分析： “主谓一致”是每年中考的必考知识点，平均每年一道题。学情分析： 学生需要对该语法项目进行系统的归纳和总结，并灵活运用所学知识点。教师的精确点拨可以帮助学生更好地掌握语法知识。复习目标： 1.能掌握主谓一致的基本原则。 2.能在具体的练习题中总结归纳有关主谓一致的规则。 3.能体验到自主学习的重要性、探究学习并完成任务的快乐。复习重点和难点： 重点：主谓一致应遵循的三个基本原则。 难点：一些代词、集合名词等作主语时应遵循的原则。 复习策略：自主复习 合作探究 精心点拨 模拟演练 归纳总结教学过程：Step :导入 播放幻
2、灯片“中考导航”，使学生了解“主谓一致”是中考中的高频考点。 中考导航：考 点河北省卷近五年中考统计 高频 考点20122013 201420152016主 谓一致语法一致意义一致就近原则考情分析：从近五年考查情况看，主谓一致是每年的必考点，每年均考查一道题目。2017年备考时要熟练掌握主谓一致的各种情形，并做适量的练习来掌握和巩固。 设计意图：使学生了解“主谓一致”是中考中的高频考点。Step :考点突破 学生探究，教师精确点拨，突破考点。1. 主谓一致的含义（幻灯片3） 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。 2.主谓一致三原则：（幻灯片4 ）语法一致原则：指主语和谓语在单复数形
3、式上的一致关系。主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式;反之,谓语动词用复数形式.Tom _(be) a good student. They often _(play) football on the playground.意义一致原则：（幻灯片5 ）指谓语动词的单,复数要取决于主语所表达的概念,而不取决于表面上的语法标记. 指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。 My family _(is, are) having lunch now. Maths _ (is, are) difficult for me. 就近
4、一致原则：（幻灯片6）指当主语由两个或两个以上名词或代词组成时,谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数一致. Not only the teacher but also his students _(like) playing football.There _(be) a pen and some books on the desk. 突破考点： 名词作主语：（幻灯片7 12）1.单数名词，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词作主语，谓语用复数形式。 The desk _(be) Toms. Some water_ (be) in the bottle. The students _
5、(be) playing football on the playground. 2.某些集体名词，如family, team, club， class，public， group等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。 His family _(be) a happy one.The whole family _ (be) watching TV.3. 某些集体名词，如people, police ,clothes等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。 The police _ ( be) searching for the thi
6、ef. 4. 单、复数同形的名词如 sheep, deer,fish, Chinese,Japanese 主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。 A sheep _ (be) over there.Some sheep _ (be) over there. 5. 名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。 The doctors is across the street.My uncles is not far from here. 常见的省略名词有：the bakers（面包房）, the barbers（理发店）, the Zhangs（张
7、家）等。 注: the 姓氏名词的复数形式则表示一家人。 The Greens _(is, are) having breakfast now. 6. 表示成双成套的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：glasses, shoes, chopsticks, pants等。 The pants _(is, are) mine. My glasses _(is, are) on the table. 但如果主语用“a kind of, a pair of , 等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 A pair of shoes_ (were, was) under the desk.
8、Two pairs of shoes_ (were, was) under the desk.7当表示国家，城市，人名，书名，报纸，杂志，及组织机构等的专有名词做主语时，作为整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 The United States _（is, are) in North America.8news ，maths，physics ，politics等词貌似复数，实为单数，其谓语动词用单数. No news _ (is, are) good news. Maths _(is, are) very popular in our class .连接词连接的名词作主语: （幻灯片13 16）1 用
9、and或bothand连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。 Walking and riding are good exercises. 注：A：并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或 同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。否则，用复数。 这种情况常有两种结构形式： a/the+n+and+n，指的是同一个人或物； a/the+n+and+a/the+n，指两个人或物。 The writer and teacher is coming. The writer and the teacher are coming. B：由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every, 等修饰时，结构
10、是each/every+n.+and +(each/every)+n.，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 Each boy and each girl has got a seat. Every man and every woman is at work. 2当主语后面跟有as well as, along with, with, like, together with, but, except, besides, including,等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数由前面的主语而定。 判断画线部分对错：(1) The teacher as well as the students were r
11、eading in the library.( )(2) The woman with two children are my aunt.( )(3) Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football. ( )(4) The students ,including their teacher, is going to meet the brave man.( )(5) Nobody except Mr. Li and Mrs. Li likes sports.( )(6) Mr. Li besides his sons like sports. (
12、 )3以 eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut等连接的名词（代词）作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。 Either you or he _ (is, are) to go.Not one but all of us _(is, are) hoping to be there. 4. There be 结构，依据就近一致的原则。 There_ (be) a book , two pens on the desk.There _(be) two pens , a book in the desk.代词作主语：（幻灯片17 19）
13、1名词性物主代词作主语时，既可以用作单数，也可以用作复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。 Ours (Our Party) _(is, are) a great party.Your shoes are black, and mine _(is, are) brown. 3疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数；主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。 Who_ (is, are) your brother?Who _(is, are) League members? 4不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, a
14、nything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing, either, neither, each, the other, another作主语，谓语动词用单数。 (1) Nobody was in. (2) Is everyone here today. (3) Something is wrong with him. (4) None of them has/have seen the film. (5) Either of the boys is ready. (6) Neither of these word
15、s is correct. （7) Each of the pens costs three dollars. 分数和量词作主语：（幻灯片20 - 23） 1由“a lot of, lots of ，plenty of, all of, most of, some of, half of, (a) part of, rest of”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致. （1）All of the food _ (is, are) ready. All of the workers _ (is, are) working. (2) Part of the work
16、_ (is, are) been done by us 。Part of the students _ (have, has) gone. 2表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 One and a half bananas _(is, are)left on the table. 3表示时间，价格，度量、距离、金额、书名，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。 (1) Two months is a long holiday. (2) Twenty pounds isnt so
17、heavy. (3) Ten miles isnt a long distance. (4) Five minus four is one. (5) The Arabian Nights is a book known to lovers of English. 4分数(百分数)+of +名词做主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面的名词的数。 Ten percent of the apples _ (was, were) bad . 注意: population 一词，用作整体时，谓语动词用单数，用其部分做主语时，谓语动词形式用复数。 The population of China_(be)
18、1.36 billion and 70% of the population _ (be) peasants 5a number of后面加复数名词或代词，其动词用复数形式；但the number of后面加复数名词或代词时，其谓语用单数。 The number of the teachers in No. 2 Middle School _(be) over 100. A number of them _ (be) young. 名词化的形容词作主语：（幻灯片24 ） 如果主语由“the+形容词”结构担任表示一类人或物时，谓语通常用复数，这类词有： the poor, the rich, t
19、he blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb.The rich often _ (help, helps) the poor.从句，动词不定式，动名词作主语：（幻灯片25）1由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。 What we need _ (is, are) more time.What we need _(is, are) doctors.2动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 To see _ (is, are) to be
20、lieveDoing eye exercises _ (is, are) good for your eyes. 设计意图：通过合作探究，教师点拨的方式，让学生理解知识脉络，突破各个难点。Step .模拟演练（幻灯片2628）学生完成模拟练习，教师精确点拨。1Each of the students _ a dictionary. A. have B. is C. are D. has 2How time flies! Ten years _ passed. A. have B. has C. is D. are 3. Not only his parents but also his bro
21、ther _to the Summer Palace. They havent been back. A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone 4Look! There _ playing with the tourists on Dahe Square A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers5The Smiths _ sending e-mails _letters. because
22、it is faster. A. prefer, to writing B. prefer，to write C. prefers，to writing D. prefers，to write6Everyone except Bill and Jim _there when the meeting began . A. was B. is C. are D. were7Either Jane or Steven _ watching TV now. A. were B. is C. are D. was8. The Olympic Games _ held every_ years. A. i
23、s，four B. are，four C. is，five D. are，five9. Look, here come some _. A. dog B. horse C. deer D. cow10. Each man and each woman _ asked to help when the fire broke out. A. is B. was C. are D. were11. About 60 percent of the students _ from the south; the rest of them _ from the north and foreign count
24、ries. A. are; is B. is; is C. is; are D. are; are12. They said the eighteenth and last lesson _ quite easy. A. is B. was C. are D. were 设计意图：检验学生对知识点的掌握情况。Step .课堂小测：（幻灯片29） 教师引导学生对本节课作简单的归纳总结 主谓一致：谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语一致。 语法一致（单则单，复则复）主谓一致三原则： 意义一致（概念一致）就近一致（就近原则） 设计意图：归纳总结本节课的知识脉络。Step .布置作业：（幻灯片30） 完成“主
25、谓一致”综合练习题（略） 设计意图：虽然学生课前认真阅读了导学案，又经过课堂探究和知识点的突破，对“主谓一致”知识脉络基本清楚，但仍需要通过练习加深和巩固，达到准确运用的程度。Step .板书设计： 主谓一致专题复习主谓一致概念： 难点剖析：主谓一致三原则： a/the + n + and + n ，谓语用单数1. 语法一致 a/the + n + and + a/the + n, 谓语用复数2. 意义一致3. 就近原则 each/every + n + and + each/every + n， 谓语用单数Step.教学反思 本节课的重点是让学生掌握主谓一致用法的各种现象。这节课的授课应以学生为主，尽可能的让学生去做，让学生去发现问题，也最好让学生去解决问题，这样才能真正掌握所学知识，这就需要老师的引导了，同时也要求语言的规范。引导时，要多注意语言的严谨，自然，通俗，学生便于接受。练习题的选题一定要注意突出基础性，在基础之上在设拔高，这样各个层次的学生都可以各取所需。同时语法的讲授还要注意讲练结合，让学生在自己观察发现的基础之上，老师做总结，然后通过练习，把理论和实际结合在一起，减少出现听懂了，题不会做的现象出现。
