1、2019北京西城区高三统一测试 英 语 2019.4 本试卷共9页，共120分。考试时长100分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。A I often help my mom cook and baked chicken is my favorite thing to make. One day, when mom was si
2、ck, I tried to make the chicken all by myself. I washed the chicken and put it in a pan in the oven 1 (bake). When the bell rang to tell me the chicken was done, I opened the oven door. Guess what? The chicken was not cooked! I started to laugh. I forgot to turn 2 the oven! Did you know what I did n
3、ext? I 3 (order) pizza. Mom was happy I “cooked” by myself and we could eat the pizza together.B Chocolate was first used as a drink over 3,500 years ago in Central America. It was very popular with the Mayans and the Aztecs. In fact, cocoa beans were very important to people there. That was 4 they
4、were used as money. In the beginning, cocoa 5 (plant) in Ecuador, which was, for a long time, the worlds number-one producer of cocoa beans. It is still one of the top 6 (producer) of the beans, but nowadays more than 70 per cent of cocoa beans come from West Africa. C Wallaces giant bee is the worl
5、ds 7 (large) bee, with a body the size of a human thumb and wings that can spread to about 2.5 inches. That may sound 8 (frighten), but the bee isnt likely to hurt anyone. It uses its large jaws (嘴) to collect a sticky goo, called resin, from trees. The bee 9 (make) its home in termite mounds (白蚁丘)
6、found on trees, using the resin to protect its nest from the termites. Until recently, the bee had been seen by scientists only 10 (two), once in 1868 and again in 1981. 第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。We first met Tom and Gee in the early days of our m
7、arriage. Someone had been 11 our garbage cans to the garage each garbage day, and Jim and I had wondered 12 . Then one day we 13 him: an elderly man who lived across the street.I baked cookies and left them on a chair outside the garage 14 a thank-you note. When we got home from work that day, a typ
8、ed letter had replaced the 15 . The letter was from Tom and explained how he had come to 16 the neighborhood on garbage day, returning cans for people he 17 knew. Back when hed been fighting a war I wasnt alive to see, his young wife, Gee, had found herself living alone. Neighbors had taken the time
9、 to 18 her garbage cans so 19 didnt have to, and he 20 forgot. Now he paid it forward by doing the same for all of us. A few years after wed moved in, Tom died. We photocopied that letter and 21 it to one of our own for Gee. We told her how 22 Tom had been to us, how sad we felt sorry for her, how t
10、hankful we were to have 23 him. She wrote back and told us she still talked to Tom every day. These days, were planning a 24 . The house that seemed so huge six years ago is filled with furniture and books and toys and, of course, people. We know its time to go, and 25 we cant seem to stick the For
11、Sale sign up on the lawn. Gaining a third bedroom sometimes seems like an awful trade for all we stand to 26 .Its not just Gee. Its the man who lets our kids pick peaches off the tree in his front yard. Its the ladies who 27 Jim when their pool filter (过滤器) breaks and leave overflowing baskets for o
12、ur kids on Easter. Its the police officer living directly across from us, who smiles and waves and makes me feel a little 28 when Jim is away.The moving boxes are still neatly packed in our basement, but Jim and I agree to 29 until January. Maybe before leaving Ill talk to Tom, just as Gee still doe
13、s. Thank you, Ill say, for teaching us what it means to be a 30 .11. A. liftingB. returningC. deliveringD. fixing12. A. whoB. whatC. howD. why13. A. visitedB. caughtC. spottedD. followed14. A. inB. forC. toD. with15. A. giftB. chairC. garbageD. cake16. A. protectB. searchC. walkD. greet17. A. onlyB.
14、 barelyC. nearlyD. surely18. A. handleB. changeC. recycleD. open19. A. theyB. weC. heD. she20. A. neverB. alwaysC. sometimesD. seldom21. A. wrappedB. connected C. attachedD. exposed22. A. specialB. hopefulC. powerfulD. lucky23. A. contactedB. remembered C. knownD. understood24. A. partyB. tripC. mee
15、tingD. move25. A. alsoB. yetC. thenD. therefore26. A. winB. loseC. failD. save27. A. helpB. treatC. chargeD. call28. A. strongerB. happierC. saferD. firmer29. A. planB. waitC. prepareD. talk30. A. husbandB. friendC. coupleD. neighbor 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选
16、出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAmsterdam Destination Guide Amsterdam is one of the most popular travel destinations in the world, famous for its beautiful canals, top art museums, cycling culture and so on. It is the capital and most populous city in the Netherlands and often referred to as the “Venice of the N
17、orth” because of its expansive system of bridges and canals. Here are some of the key points to remember as you plan your trip to Amsterdam.Boom SeasonPopulationLanguage(s)CurrencyJanuary ClimateJuly ClimateMay to October813,562DutchEuroAverage high: 5.8 CAverage high: 22.0 CMust-See Attractions Mos
18、t visitors begin their Amsterdam adventure in the Old Centre, which is full of traditional architecture, shopping centers, and coffee shops. Youll also want to check out Amsterdams Museum Quarter in the South District, which is great for shopping at the Albert Cuyp Market and having a picnic in the
19、Vondel park. The top museums to visit there are the Rijks museum, the Ann Frank House, and the Van Gogh Museum.If You Have Time There are several other unique districts in Amsterdam, and you should try to explore as many of them as time allows. The Canal Ring is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that was
20、 originally built to attract wealthy home owners and is a center for celebrity spotting and nightlife today. The Plantage area has most of the citys museums, including the Jewish Historical Museum, the Scheepva art Museum, and the botanical gardens.Money Saving Tipsl Unless you really want to see th
21、e tulips (郁金香) blooming, avoid booking between mid-March and mid-May. This is when hotel and flight prices rise.l Look for accommodations in Amsterdams South District, where rates are generally cheaper than in the city center.l Buy train tickets at the machine instead of the counter to save a bit of
22、 money.l Instead of hiring a tour guide, hop on a canal boat. Theyre inexpensive and will give you a unique point of view of the city. Check outour homepageto view price comparisons for flights, hotels, and rental cars before you book.31. What can be learned about Amsterdam from this passage? A. Ams
23、terdam is called the “Venice of the North” because of its location. B. The Van Gogh Museum lies in Amsterdams Museum Quarter. C. The Old Centre is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. D. The Canal Ring is a place to attract garden lovers.32. In order to save money in Amsterdam, you can _. A. arrange a guid
24、ed canal tour B. buy train tickets at the counter C. reserve a hotel in the South District D. book flights between mid-March and mid-May 33. Where is the passage most probably taken from? A. A magazine. B. An essay. C. A report. D. A website.BThree months after Hurricane Katrina in 2005, Rebecca Sel
25、l, then 24, a photojournalist for Fredericksburg photographed a New Orleans couple worriedly examining water-spotted photo albums. As she took the photo, something within her clicked. “I told them I could take the ruined pictures, copy them and give them digitally restored (修复) photos,” she recalls.
26、 Although a bit sceptical, the couple agreed. Rebecca took their photos home, restored them and took them to the couple at their temporary home. “It felt so good to be able to do that for them,” says Rebecca.When her editor, Dave Ellis, saw the photo of the couple, he suggested they go back and rest
27、ore damaged photos for even more people. So in January 2006, with paid time off from the paper, the two set up shop in Pass Christian. After posting a notice in the community newsletter, Rebecca and Dave received 500 photos in four days. For each, the pair took a new digital picture, then used high-
28、tech software to erase water spots and restore colors. It just so happened that a popular website linked to Daves blog about the experience, and soon Operation Photo Rescue, as it came to be known, had emails from hundreds of volunteers, including photographers and restoration experts, eager to help
29、.Though digital restoration is a painstaking process, mending irreplaceable family pictures means the world to victims like Emily Lancaster, 71, who took out piles of ruined photo albums after Katrina, never thinking the mess could be saved. But she just couldnt bear to part with a few treasured pic
30、tures, including a portrait of her father, who had passed away, and a photo of her husband as a boy. Then she heard about Operation Photo Rescue. “I didnt have a whole lot of hope they could fix them, but they did,” Emily says. “Almost every day I think about all the pictures Ive lost. Im so happy t
31、o have these two.”In the five years since Katrina, Operation Photo Rescue has collected thousands of pictures ruined by floods, hurricanes and tornadoes. Volunteers make “copy runs” to disaster areas across the country to gather damaged photos from survivors; operating costs are covered by donations
32、. “Its great to be able to give people some of their history back,” says Rebecca. “One person told me that thanks to us, her grandmother got to see her photos again before she passed away. Moments like that remind me why I do this.”34. When Rebecca took the picture of the New Orleans couple, she dec
33、ided to _. A. take them to their temporary home B. help with their damaged photos C. set up shop in Pass Christian D. cover Hurricane Katrina35. From Paragraph 2, we know that Dave and Rebecca _. A. quit their jobs in 2006 B. inspired volunteers to join them C. spent four days mending the photos D.
34、made their work known in their newspaper36. How did Emily Lancaster feel when she first heard about Operation Photo Rescue? A. Excited. B. Hopeless. C. Satisfied. D. Sceptical.37. What is the best title for the passage? A. Surviving Hurricanes B. An Act of Generosity C. Saving Memories D. A Lucky Co
35、upleCLike many other people who speak more than one language, I often have the sense that Im a slightly different person in each of my languagesmore confident in English, more relaxed in French, more emotional in Czech. Is it possible that, along with these differences, my moral compass (指南针) also p
36、oints in somewhat different directions depending on the language Im using at the time?Psychologists who study moral judgments have become very interested in this question. The findings of several recent studies suggest that when people are faced with moral dilemmas (困境), they do indeed respond diffe
37、rently when considering them in a foreign language than when using their native tongue.In a 2014 paper led by Albert Costa, volunteers were presented with a moral dilemma known as the “trolley problem”: imagine that a runaway trolley is moving quickly toward a group of five people standing on the tr
38、acks, unable to move. You are next to a switch that can move the trolley to a different set of tracks, therefore sparing the five people, but resulting in the death of one who is standing on the side tracks. Do you pull the switch?Most people agree that they would. But what if the only way to stop t
39、he trolley is by pushing a large stranger off a footbridge into its path? People tend to be very hesitant to say they would do this, even though in both situations, one person is sacrificed to save five. But Costa and his colleagues found that presenting the dilemma in a language that volunteers had
40、 learned as a foreign tongue dramatically increased their stated willingness to push the sacrificial person off the footbridge, from fewer than 20% of respondents working in their native language to about 50% of those using the foreign one. Why does it matter whether we judge morality in our native
41、language or a foreign one? According to one explanation, such judgments involve two separate and competing ways of thinkingone of these, a quick, natural “feeling,” and the other, careful deliberation about the greatest good for the greatest number. When we use a foreign language, we unconsciously s
42、ink into the more careful way simply because the effort of operating in our non-native language signals our cognitive (认知的) system to prepare for difficult activity. An alternative explanation is that differences arise between native and foreign tongues because our childhood languages are filled wit
43、h greater emotions than are those learned in more academic settings. As a result, moral judgments made in a foreign language are less filled with the emotional reactions that surface when we use a language learned in childhood.Theres strong evidence that memory connects a language with the experienc
44、es and interactions through which that language was learned. For example, people who are bilingual (双语的) are more likely to recall an experience if reminded in the language in which that event occurred. Our childhood languages, learned in the middle of passionate emotion, become filled with deep fee
45、ling. By comparison, languages acquired late in life, especially if they are learned through limited interactions in the classroom or dully delivered over computer screens and headphones, enter our minds lacking the emotionality that is present for their native speakers.38. What does “this question”
46、 in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. What contributes to ones language improvements? B. Is it necessary to learn more than one foreign language?C. Does the language one uses influence ones moral judgments?D. How do people deal with moral dilemmas in a foreign language?39. When the “trolley problem” was pres
47、ented in a foreign language, volunteers were more likely to _. A. care less about the five peopleB. pull the switch to the side tracks C. remain hesitant about what to doD. sacrifice the stranger on the footbridge 40. The underlined word in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to _. A. consideration B. guidanceC. selectionD. arrangement41. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs? A. Bilingual people are less emotional than others. B. Native language l
