1、 在英语的江湖中，有这么一群词的存在，他们神通广大，既能指代前文出现的名词或代词，又能在从句中充当一定成分，并起到连词的作用，若非用于正事，必将江湖大乱啊！他们到底是谁呢？大人，必须将此党大人，必须将此党拿下，严刑拷打，拿下，严刑拷打，归我等所用！归我等所用！靠谱！定义定义被定语从句所修饰的词叫被定语从句所修饰的词叫“先行词先行词”，用来修饰先行词，用来修饰先行词的词叫的词叫“关系词关系词”E.g.This is E.g.This is the book the book that I want.that I want.在在复合句复合句中，修饰某一中，修饰某一名词或名词或代词代词的从句叫做的从
2、句叫做定语从句定语从句,定语定语从句有时也可以修饰从句有时也可以修饰一个句子一个句子。定定语语从从句句的的关关系系词词关系关系代词代词关系关系副词副词指人指人指物指物who(主语、宾语主语、宾语)，whom(宾语宾语)，that(主语、宾语主语、宾语),whose(定语定语)that(主语、宾语主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语主语、宾语)whose(定语定语)=of whichas(主语、宾语主语、宾语)where(地点状语地点状语)when(时间状语时间状语)why(原因状语原因状语)关系词关系词Here are the books.You are looking for them._H
3、ave you seen the children?They are playing football._Here are the books which/that you are looking for.Have you seen the children who/that are playing football?This is the hero.We are proud of him._Can you show me the novel.Its cover is red._This is the hero who/whom/that we are proud of.Can you sho
4、w me the novel whose cover is red.分类分类定语从句定语从句限制性定语从句限制性定语从句：先行词在意义上不可：先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意义就缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意义就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不可用逗号分开。关系十分密切，写时不可用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句：从句与主句的关系：从句与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明，如果去掉，主句的意义仍然很清说明，如果去掉，主句的意义仍然很清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号
5、分楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用开，一般不用that定定语语从从句句的的分分类类无逗号，可用无逗号，可用that有逗号，不可用有逗号，不可用that(1)The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.(2)China,which was founded in 1949,is becoming more and more powerful.(3)His mother,who loves him very much,is strict with him.(4)China is a co
6、untry which has a long history.判断下列句子判断下列句子限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句限制性定语从句三步法三步法 1.(1)This is the house _the teacher wanted to buy.(2)This is the house _a fire broke out last year.解解.:(1)先将先将先行词先行词the house还原到从句中还原到从句中The teacher wanted to buy the house.句子完整句子完整,the hous
7、e 作作buy 的的宾宾语语,故填故填which或或that,或省略或省略.which/that/where/in which(2)The house 还原还原到从句中到从句中A fire broke out the house last year.句子有误句子有误,broke out是个不及物动词短语是个不及物动词短语,故补缺故补缺加上加上in,句子才完整句子才完整.而而in the house 在从句中作在从句中作地点状语地点状语,故故填关系副词填关系副词where 或或in which.2.(1)We will never forget the days _we spent in the
8、 factory.(2)we will never forget the days _ we worked in the factory.which/that/when/during which 下次可千万别一看到地点名词就填下次可千万别一看到地点名词就填where;时间名词就填时间名词就填when哦哦!技巧是技巧是:看从句缺什么成分看从句缺什么成分.(缺主语或宾语填关系代词缺主语或宾语填关系代词,缺状语缺状语则填关系副词则填关系副词)which that aswhowhomwhosewhere when why 指代指代“事、物事、物”在从句中作主语或宾语在从句中作主语或宾语指代指代“人人”
9、，在从句中作主语或宾语在从句中作主语或宾语指代指代“人人”，在从句中作宾语，在从句中作宾语指代先行词，在从句中作定语指代先行词，在从句中作定语指代先行词，在从句中作指代先行词，在从句中作状语状语Angelababy，中文名杨，中文名杨颖，颖，1989年年2月月28日出日出生于上海生于上海.Angelababywas born in Shanghai on February 28th 1989._Baby正在敲打那些从洞里伸出来的人。正在敲打那些从洞里伸出来的人。Baby is hitting the people _李晨正在努力地吃一颗糖，糖用绳子绑着。李晨正在努力地吃一颗糖，糖用绳子绑着。L
10、i Chen is trying to eat a candy_ _.whichwas tied with a string李晨正在拉一辆木车，车上有李晨正在拉一辆木车，车上有5个人。个人。Li Chen is dragging a wooden vehicle_ _.帽子是红色的那个女人是帽子是红色的那个女人是Baby,邓超邓超和鹿晗在她旁边跳舞。和鹿晗在她旁边跳舞。The lady whose hat is red is Baby,beside whom Dengchao and Luhan are dancing.一群人在一座房子前面摆一群人在一座房子前面摆pose,房子的颜色是棕色的。
11、房子的颜色是棕色的。A group of people are posing in front of a house whose color is brown.1.that与与which,who2.对对the way的考查的考查3.介词介词+关系词关系词考点考点难难点点4.as的使用的使用5.对对where的考查的考查6.综合考查综合考查1.先行词被先行词被最高级最高级或或序数词序数词修饰时；修饰时；2.先行词是先行词是不定代词不定代词；或被；或被every/all/few等等数量数量形容词修饰形容词修饰时；时；3.当先行词当先行词既有人又有物既有人又有物时；时；4.先行词是先行词是 one
12、of、the one;或或被被 the only/the right/the very 修饰时；修饰时；5.当主句当主句已有已有which和和who时；时；v Runningman is the best show _ I have ever watched.v The first city _ they went to was Hangzhou.v This is the third season _ they have taken part in.thatthatthatthatthatthat1.当先行词被当先行词被最高级最高级或者或者序数词序数词修饰时，指物用修饰时，指物用that,不
13、用不用which。v Den Chao will show you something _ you never saw before.v They should be grateful for everthing _ they have achieved.v There is much _interests me in this show.v Wang Zulan handed out all the keys_ he had found.v He has little experience _ can be applied to this job.thatthatthatthatthatth
14、atthatthatthatthat2.当先行词是当先行词是something/nothing/few/little等等不定代词不定代词;或被或被few/all/little/much等等数量形容数量形容词词修饰时，指物，用修饰时，指物，用that,不用不用which。n He talked about the people and things _ he saw in the passage.n He can clearly remember the person and things _ he noticed during the game.thatthatthatthat3.当先行词既当
15、先行词既包括物又包括人包括物又包括人时，用时，用that。uRunningman is one of the programs _ I am fond of.uIs this the one_ you are looking for?uThe Safe Room was the only place _ they would go to.uThis is the right/very envelope _ they have been looking for for a long time.thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat4.当先行词是当先行词是one of；t
16、he one;或被或被the only/right/very(正好；恰好正好；恰好)等等修饰时，指物，用修饰时，指物，用that,不用不用which。Who is the man _ is walking to them?Which is the key _is matched to the lock?thatthatthatthat5.当疑问句里已有当疑问句里已有Who或或Which时，关系代词用时，关系代词用that,避免重复。避免重复。2.在there be 句型中。4.“介词+关系代词”引导的定 语从句中，只用whom。3.在非限制性定语从句中1.The way _he explain
17、ed the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.2.The way _he explained to us was quite simple.that/which/不填不填that/in which/不填不填缺宾语缺宾语考点考点2：the way用做先行词用做先行词缺状语缺状语填上合适的关系词并分析原因：填上合适的关系词并分析原因：做题技巧做题技巧?the way 做先行词时做先行词时,先看后面定语从句中先看后面定语从句中是否缺少主语或宾语是否缺少主语或宾语缺少主语或宾语缺少主语或宾语:主语宾语都不缺主语宾语都不缺:引导词用引导词用t
18、hat/in which/不填不填引导词用引导词用that/which/不填不填(缺缺宾语时宾语时)【高考链接高考链接】What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.（04湖北）湖北）A.the way B.in the way that C.in the way D.the way which考点考点3：介词：介词+关系词关系词1.(06浙江浙江)I was given three books on cooking,the first _I really enjoyed.A.of that B.of which C.that
19、D.which定语从句句首为介词时定语从句句首为介词时,后可后可接的关系词为接的关系词为:2.This is the hero _ I am proud.3.I recognized the boss _ my sister was working.in whoseof whom介词介词+whom/which/whose关系关系代词代词前介前介词的词的确定确定1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系e.g.Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?做题技巧做题技巧?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习
20、惯搭配根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配e.g.Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im not sure?3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯e.g.1949 was the year in which the P.R.C.was founded.4.4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用可用“数词数词/代词代词 +of+of+关系代词关系代词”的结构的结构e.g.There are 50 students in our class,tw
21、o-thirds of whom have been to Beijing.5.Whose从句可转换为从句可转换为“of+关系代词关系代词”型型e.g.They live in a house,whose door opens to the south.They lived in a house,of which the door opens to the south.They lived in a house,the door of which opens to the south.【练练】1.There are 20 students in this class,_ are differe
22、nt.A.whose backgrounds B.the backgrounds of whom C.of whom the backgrounds D.all of the above 2.I have many friends,_some are businessmen.A.Of them B.from which C.who of D.of whom3._ is known to all,he is the best student.4.Jim passed the driving test,_ surprised everybody in the office.Aswhich难点一：难
23、点一：as as的用法的用法1.It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift.2.It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift it.asthat归纳：归纳：as引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被such,the same,so,as 修饰，即构成修饰，即构成suchas,the same as,soas,结构，做题时容易忽略。结构，做题时容易忽略。as在定语从句中应充当成分如：主语、宾语或表语。在定语从句中应充当成分如：主语、宾语或表语。as 与与which引导定语从句引导定语从句都能指代整句内
24、容都能指代整句内容，但定语从但定语从句位于句位于句首句首时，只能用时，只能用 as,意为意为“正如正如、恰如恰如”。asthatwhich模拟训练模拟训练 ：1.He is such a lazy man_ nobody wants to work with_.（04 模拟训练）模拟训练）A.as;him B.that;/C.as;/D.whom;him2.Mrs.Black took the police back to_ place _ she witnessed the robbery.A.the same;as B.the same;where C.the same;that D.as
25、 the same;as1.Ive come to the point where I cant stand him.2.The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。解析：解析：如果定语从句分别修饰如果定语从句分别修饰poi
26、nt,situation,part,condition和和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引引导，意思是导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。难点二：一些特殊词之后的难点二：一些特殊词之后的wherewhere1.We are trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk.（06山东）山东）A.which B.that C.where D.when2.-Do you have anything to say for yourself?-Y
27、es,theres one point _ we must insist on.（06江西）江西）A.why B.where C.how D./做题要灵活：要分析句子成分，做题要灵活：要分析句子成分，选择恰当的关系词。选择恰当的关系词。模拟训练模拟训练 ：wherethat1.This is the library_ I borrowed the book.2.It is from this library_ I borrowed the book.where定语从句定语从句that强调句型强调句型综合考查一：定语从句与强调句综合考查一：定语从句与强调句3.-Where did you las
28、t see Mr.Smith?-It was in the hotel_ I lived.A.that B.which C.where D.when 近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。难点三难点三:综合考查综合考查综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句1.We all have heard the news_ our team won.
29、2.We dont believe the news _ he told us yesterday.that that/which综合考查综合考查三三：定语从句与：定语从句与表表语从句语从句 1.The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.（05 江苏）江苏）A.which;where B.at which;which C.at which;where D.which;in which 5that/which表语从句表语从句定语从句定语从句同位
30、语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句1.定语从句中关系副词有：定语从句中关系副词有：when,where,why 2.关系副词在定语从句中所作的成份：关系副词在定语从句中所作的成份：关系副词在定语从句中都作状语。关系副词在定语从句中都作状语。when 作时间状语；作时间状语；where 作地点状语；作地点状语；why 作原因状语。作原因状语。n Today is March,12th,on which people get together to plant trees!n It is a basketball court,on which we can play basketball indoo
31、rs.n That is the reason,for which she asked for a leave.whenwherewhyHe remembered the day when I arrived in this big city.I went back to the place where I was born and grew up.Please give me the reason why you were late this time.when 指指时间时间，在从句中作，在从句中作时间状语时间状语，它的，它的先行词先行词为为time,day,morning,night,we
32、ek,year,moment,period,age等，亦可用等，亦可用“介介词词+which”替代。例：替代。例：v I still remember the time when I first traveled by plane.v We are living in an age when many things can be done on computer.我仍然记得我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的第一次坐飞机旅行的时间。时间。我们生活在我们生活在许多事情可以在电脑做的许多事情可以在电脑做的时代。时代。where指指地点地点，在从句中作，在从句中作地点状语地点状语。它。它的的先行词先行词通常
33、为通常为place,spot,street,house,room,city,town,country等，亦可用等，亦可用“介介词词+which”替代。例：替代。例：你能告诉我你能告诉我他工作的他工作的公司吗？公司吗？请把书放在请把书放在容易找到的容易找到的地方。地方。v Can you tell me the company where he works?v Keep the books in a place where you can find them easily.why 指指原因或理由原因或理由，它的，它的先行词先行词只有只有reason，在定语从句中作在定语从句中作原因状语原因状语，
34、亦可用，亦可用“介词介词for+which”替代。例：替代。例：你能告诉我你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？原因吗？他犯法了，他犯法了，这就是这就是他坐牢的他坐牢的原因。原因。v Can you tell me the reason why you didnt come to his birthday party?v He broke the law.That is the reason why he was put into prison.完成句子：1.我一直都记得我一直都记得我来学校的我来学校的第一天。第一天。I always remember the firs
35、t day _.2.从从他出国的他出国的那年起，我就再也没见过他。那年起，我就再也没见过他。I havent seen him since the year _3.1949年是年是新中国成立的新中国成立的那一年。那一年。1949 is the year_.when I came to school when he went abroad.when China was founded4.明天我要回去我的出生的故乡。明天我要回去我的出生的故乡。I will go back to the hometown _5.我爸爸上班的公司离这特别远。我爸爸上班的公司离这特别远。The company _ is
36、 far from here.6.这就是我们吃午餐的那家餐馆。这就是我们吃午餐的那家餐馆。This is the restaurant_where I was born.where my father works where we had our lunch.5.我没有告诉她我没有告诉她我为什么害怕的我为什么害怕的原因。原因。I didnt tell her the reason_6.我真的不知道我真的不知道他又迟到的他又迟到的原因。原因。I really dont know the reason_why I am afraid.why hewas late again.试比较：试比较：v I
37、 will never forget the days_I spent with my grandmother in the countryside.v I will never forget the days _ I spent my summer holiday in the countryside.whenspend是是vt.从句缺宾语，先行词放回从从句缺宾语，先行词放回从句作宾语，应用关系代词句作宾语，应用关系代词which/that.虽然横线前后都是完整的句子，但明显有内在关虽然横线前后都是完整的句子，但明显有内在关系，系，the days放回后面的句子做时间状语，所以放回后面的句子
38、做时间状语，所以找关系副词找关系副词when,既能指代前面先行词在从句中既能指代前面先行词在从句中作状语，又能起到连词的作用。作状语，又能起到连词的作用。which/that试比较：试比较：v Put the book back to the desk _ others can easily find it.v Put the book back to the desk _ John moved in.wherewhich/that先行词在从句中先行词在从句中作地点状语作地点状语先行词在从句中先行词在从句中作作moved的宾语的宾语再再比较：比较：v Nobody believed the r
39、eason _ he put forward in the meeting.v The reason _ he didnt want to attend the meeting is still unknown.which/that先行词先行词the reason 在从句中作在从句中作put forward 的宾语的宾语why先行词先行词the reason 在从句中作状语在从句中作状语1.We should go to the place_we are most needed.2.We should go to the place_needs us most.A.it B.where C.t
40、hat D.whatB BC C 3.It was October_we met in Damiao for the first time.4.It was in October_we met inDamiao for the first time.A.that B.which C.when D.whileC CA A对比训练对比训练 5.He is such a good teacher_we all like him.6.He is such a good teacher_we all like.A.whom B.that C.as D.whichB BC C 7.The news cam
41、e_ the British Queens mother celebrated her 101th birthday in good health,_ isnt surprising,because she lives an easy life and gets the best medical care.A.that;which B.which;which C.that;that D.when;as（05 05 模拟训练）模拟训练）由由Who Who 引导的定语从句，在句中做主语引导的定语从句，在句中做主语 宾语宾语1、Do you know the man _ is talking wit
42、h your father?A.whose B.who C.which2、The boys _ the teacher talked to are from Class One.A.when B.which C.who3、Those _ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.A.who B.which C.whom4.The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.A.who B.about whom C.whom5
43、.The doctor _ you are looking for is in the room.A.whom B.what C.which6.The teacher for _ you are waiting has come.A.who B.whom C.that由由Whom Whom 引导的定语从句，在句中做宾引导的定语从句，在句中做宾语语介词提前时只能用介词提前时只能用 whom7.A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan.A.which B.his C.whose 8.This book is for the students _
44、native(本国的本国的)language is not English.A.that B.of whom C.whose 9.The boy _ composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group.A.who B.whose C.that由由Whose Whose 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句,在句中做定语在句中做定语10、He prefers to eat the rice _ in the south.A.who is grown B.which is grown C.when is grown11、The knif
45、e _ I cut the apple with cant be found.A.which B.who C.what 12、The room in _ there are many books is mine.A.that B.who C.which13、This is the pen _ he bought yesterday.A.which B.who C.when由由Which Which 引导的定语从句，在句中做主语引导的定语从句，在句中做主语 宾语宾语介词提前时只能用介词提前时只能用 whichthat14.All _ is needed is a supply of oil.A.
46、which B.that C.what15.Finally,the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police.A.which B.what C.that先行词是不定代词先行词是不定代词 all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything只能用只能用that引导引导16.Its the most boring film _ I have ever seen.A.which B.that C.whose17.This is the first car _ arrived this morni
47、ng.A.which B.who C.that 先行词被序数先行词被序数词或形容词最词或形容词最高级修饰时只高级修饰时只能用能用that引导引导18.I know all people _ are from that village.A.who B.that C.whose19.There is no water _ is needed badly.A.which B.who C.that20.Please take any seat _ is free.A.which B.that C.in which先行词被先行词被all,any,every,few,little,no,some 等修饰等
48、修饰时只能用时只能用that引导引导21.That is the very book _ I was looking for.A.who B.that C.which22.After the fire in his house,the old car is the only thing _ he owns.A.who B.that C.which先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last 等修饰时等修饰时只能用只能用that引导引导23.The speaker spoke of some writers and some books _ were popular then.A.who B.that C.which先行词被既有人又有物时只能用先行词被既有人又有物时只能用that引导引导24.Who is the worker _ took some pictures of the factory.A.who B.that C.which主句已有主句已有who或或which时时,只能用只能用that 引导引导Thank you!
