1、初二英语 Module 1-6语法知识复习及能力提高时态复习:一、现在进行时态1. 定义:表示现在正在进行的动作。2. 构成:be + 动词的现在分词。1 be 随着人称、数的变化而变化。 (am, is, areEg :He is writing a postcard . (肯定2 现在分词的组成形式有如下几种: 动词后面直接加 ing: doing buying playing 动词去 e 加 ing : having taking giving writing 重读闭音节单词 , 双写动词最后一个字母,然后加 ing:running swimming sitting shopping g
2、etting beginning putting 特殊形式的变化:lie lying die dying3. 时间状语:look, listen, now, at the moment二、一般现在时:1、用法1. 表达经常性或习惯性的动作 2. 表示现在的状态。3. 叙述一件事情 4. 叙述客观事实真理(地球围绕太阳跑 2、构成:肯定句:主语 +动词(第三人称单数 +否定句:主语 +don t / doesn t +动词原形 +疑问句:Do/ Does + 主语 +动词原形 +特殊疑问句:疑问词 +一般疑问句 + ?例如:He often plays football on the playg
3、round.3. 时间状语:always, often, usually, sometimes, never, everyday /every year 动词三单的变化:1、一般动词后加 s ,如:reads, plays, works, makes2、以 s, x, ch, sh, 结尾,后加 es. 如:watches,3、以辅音字母加 o 结尾 , 一般加 es ,如:does, goes4、辅音字母 +y结尾的单词 , 去 y , 加 ies, 如:worries, studies三、一般过去时1. 用法:1. 一般过去时 be 动词2. 构成:主语 +was/ were+表语 .主语
4、 +was/ were + not + 表语 ( werent, wasntWas/Were+主语 +表语Eg :I was late for school yesterday.2. 一般过去时 (行为动词 构成:主语 +动词的过去式 +宾语 +状语主语 +didnt动词原形 +宾语 +状语Did+主语 +动词原形 +宾语 +状语 ?Eg :He often visit his grandma last year.3. 时间状语 :last week/Sunday, yesterday, a moment ago, this morning.过去式的构成:1. +ed open-opened
5、2. 双写最后一个字母 +ed stop-stopped 3. 去 y 换 i+ed carry-carried 4. 以 e 为结尾 +d live-lived不规则:书后 172页四、一般将来时一、用法:1. “ be going to” 表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、安排要做的事。它是一般将来 时的一种表达形式,We are going to play football tomorrow. 明天我们将去踢足球。二、构成:1. be going to +动词原形。在 be going to 结构中, be 随主语人称和数的变化而 变化,而 going to 固定不变。2. 表达将来在某一时
6、间内要发生,或将要发生的动作或状态。构成:will +动词原形:(当主语第一人称时, 一般用 shall 代替 will ; 当主语为其 他人称时,用 will ,但主语为第一人称时,也可以用 will 如: We will/shall have a good winter vacation. 我们将有个愉快的寒假。 缩写形式 : ll =shall/will 否定形式可缩写为 shall not = shant will not =wont 三、时间状语。tomorrow (明天 , the day after tomorrow(后天 , next (下个 , soon(不久 , one d
7、ay(某天 , from now(从今后 , in ( s time(在 时间之后 , in the future五、现在完成时1. 现在完成时的用法1 现在完成时表示在说话之前已经完成或刚完成的动作。I have bought a ten-speed bicycle.They have cleaned the classroom.2 现在完成时表示动作从过去开始持续到现在, 或者还有可能持续下去的动 作或状态。 现在完成时常与 for 和 since 引导的短语或从句连用。We have lived here since 1976.They have waited for more than
8、 two hours.2.构成:肯定句:主语+have (has+动词过去分词+I have seen your dictionary. He has read that book.否定句:主语+have (has+not+动词过去分词+I havent seen the film.He hasnt come yet.疑问句:Have (Has +主语 +动词过去分词 +其他。Have you been to Nanjing? Y es, I have. No, I haven t.Has Jack had lunch yet? Y es, he has. No, he hasn t.have
9、 been to have gone to 区别:have has been to“ 曾经去过某地 ”表示一种经历, (现在回来了 ,可与 ever, never, once, twice等连用 .He has ever been to Shanghai twice.have has gone to表示 “ 去某地了 ” , (说话时某人已离开了 ,主语常用第三人称。如:He has gone to Shanghai.瞬间动词(点动词与延续性动词:若现在完成时的谓语动词是一个马上就结束的瞬间性动词, 则不可以与表 示一段的时间状语连用,常见的瞬间动词有:buy , borrow, leave,
10、 join, die, come, go , arrive, begin, start, get, become, marry, lose 等。He has been away (leave from Beijing for four years.The old man has been dead (die for two years.leave-be away buy-have arrive in/ at-be here get to be here therecome to be here there become-be borrow-keepbegin/start-do go to-be
11、 in die-be dead join-be in (be a member比较 since 和 forSince 用来说明动作起始时间, for 用来说明动作延续时间长度。I have lived here for more than twenty years.I have lived here since I was born.My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976.I have known Xiao Li since she was a lit
12、tle girl.My brother has been in the Youth League for two years.I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.注意:并非有 for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。 I have worked here for many years.(现在我仍在这里工作。 3. 时间状语:already , yet, just, before, since, for, ever, never,
13、twice六、过去进行时一、过去进行时用法:表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。I was watching TV when she came to see me.二、构成:主语 +was/ were+doing+其它My mother was cooking when I came back home.三、时间状语at this time yesterday , at 8 o clock last night , the whole day, when, while+时间 状语从句【 语法知识运用 】一、用所给词的适当形式填空。1. _ you ever _(visit New York?2.
14、 He _ (live in China for nearly three years.3. At this time last Friday, we _(have the same class.4. -How soon _ you _(arrive in Jinan? - In an hour.5. When I _ (enter the room just now, the students _(talk.6. It s eight o clock. They are _ (have an English lesson.7. My father _(be born in 1966.8. _
15、 he _(tell you a story last Sunday?9. Li Ming usually _(go to school by bike, but this morning he _(walk to school.10. Ann _ (not watch TV now, because she _ (do her homework.11. He _ (walk home when it _(rain suddenly.12. - What _ you _ (do at ten o clock yesterday?- I _ (study in class.13. Man _(b
16、e to the moon already.14. I ll go to the zoo if it _(not rain tomorrow.15. I _ (finish today s homework already. What about you?16. - Do you know him well? - Sure, we _(be friends since ten years ago.17. My parents _ (lunch when I got to their house.18. What _ you _(do at eight yesterday morning?19.
17、 Mr Smith _ (go out for a walk in the park every day.20. The children _ (be at school now.21. He _(begin to do his lesson at eight every day.22. The children _(go swimming this afternoon.23. - Have you seen him today? - Yes, I _(see him this morning. 24. Where _(do Uncle Sam yesterday?25. - Where is
18、 Dick? - He _(go to the reading-room.26. - Where are the children? - They _ (have a good time in the garden.27. Mr Li _(give a talk on man-made satellites next Saturday.28. He _(go to New Y ork two weeks ago, and he _(be there three times.29. He is writing a letter now, he _ (be free in an hour.30. His grandfather _(die for over two years.11111
