1、English Basic Tenses (时态时态)他他每天每天都来。都来。他他昨天昨天来了来了.他他已经已经来了来了.他他明天明天来来.汉语借助汉语借助词汇手段词汇手段而非词的形态变化来而非词的形态变化来表示动作的发生表示动作的发生,而英语主要通过而英语主要通过谓语动词谓语动词时态变化时态变化来表现来表现.任何句子都要先注意任何句子都要先注意时态时态.He came yesterday.He has come.He will come tomorrow.He comes every day.英语的常见时态：英语的常见时态：一般进行完成完成进行现在一般一般 现在时现在时现在现在 进行时进行时
2、现在现在 完成时完成时现在完成现在完成 进行时进行时过去一般一般 过去时过去时过去过去 进行时进行时过去过去 完成时完成时过去完成过去完成 进行时进行时将来一般一般 将来时将来时将来将来 进行时进行时将来将来 完成时完成时过去将 来过去过去 将来时将来时时态时态构成构成常用时间状语常用时间状语一般现在时一般现在时 一般过去时一般过去时 一般将来时一般将来时 过去将来时过去将来时 将来进行时将来进行时 现在进行时现在进行时 过去进行时过去进行时 现在完成时现在完成时 过去完成时过去完成时 现在完成进现在完成进行时行时 do(第三人称单数第三人称单数does)动词过去式动词过去式didwill(s
3、hall)动词原形动词原形be going to动词原形动词原形be about to动词原形动词原形be to动词原形动词原形would动词原形动词原形will(shall)be现在分词现在分词am(is,are)现在分词现在分词was(were)现在分词现在分词have(has)过去分词过去分词had过去分词过去分词 have(has)been现在分词现在分词always,usually,often,sometimes,every.,twice a week 等等yesterday,the day before yesterday,the other day,last.,.ago 等等to
4、morrow,the day after tomorrow,next.,in.等等 at eight(this time)tomorrow 等等时间状语时间状语 now,during these days,或或 look,listen 等引起注意的词语等引起注意的词语at eight(this time)yesterday 等等already,just,yet,since.,for.等等by.,before.等等 for.,since.等等 多用于间接引语的宾语从句中多用于间接引语的宾语从句中导入之一：导入之一：How is your daily life as a high school s
5、tudent?(using 3 sentences or more,使用实意动词使用实意动词 和系动词和系动词,注意动词形式变化注意动词形式变化)2.用法用法:1)经常性或习惯性的动作经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频，常与表示频率的时间状语连用，如率的时间状语连用，如often,usually,always,every day/year,sometimes,on Sunday等。等。2)表示不受时间限制的表示不受时间限制的科学事实或客观真理科学事实或客观真理。The earth moves around the sun.I study hard every day and I get alon
6、g well with my classmates,but sometimes I miss my families.一、一、一般现在时一般现在时(The Simple Present tense)1.结构结构:do/does3）表示主语的特征、性格、能力等表示主语的特征、性格、能力等Mr.Smith hates fish and never eats any.Mary speaks both English and French very well.4）按计划、规定，时间表按计划、规定，时间表(如汽车、飞机、会如汽车、飞机、会议议)等等将要发生的动作或存在的状态将要发生的动作或存在的状态,一
7、般用于一般用于be,come,go,start,begin,leave,arrive,return等位移等位移/终止性动词，常与时间状语连终止性动词，常与时间状语连用用 The train leaves at three this afternoon.The meeting starts at 2:00 p.m.6）在部分倒装句中，）在部分倒装句中，表示动作正在进行。表示动作正在进行。There goes the bell.=The bell is ringing.Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.5 5）在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，）在时间、
8、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一用一般现在时代替一般将来时般现在时代替一般将来时,即即主将从现主将从现。If it_(be)fine tomorrow,we _(go)to the countryside.If he _ (come)this afternoon，we _(have)a meeting.iswill gocomeswill have1.Not everyone (like)watching TV now.2.This pair of shoes (sell)well.3.The teacher told us the light (travel)at 300,000 kilom
9、eters a second.4.Bill and Tom are hard-working students.They never (leave)todays work for tomorrow.5.Ill tell him about it as soon as he (come)back.likessellstravelsleavecomesExample:I _(spend)my childhood happily with my old friends.We always _(play)football and basketball together and we _(not)hav
10、e so much homework to do as now.We _(be)happy at that time.spentplayed didntwere导入之二：导入之二：How did you spend your childhood?二、一般过去时二、一般过去时(The Simple Past Tense)1.结构结构:谓动用动词过去式谓动用动词过去式(V-ed)2.用法用法:在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。在的状态。常与表示过去时间的时间状常与表示过去时间的时间状语连用。如语连用。如 yesterday,last week,an hour ago
11、,in 1982等。等。1.-Look!Someone has spilt（溢出）（溢出）coffee on the carpet（地毯）（地毯）.-Well,it _ me.A.isnt B.wasnt C.hasnt been D.hadnt been2.He (pretend)that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.(11广东）B pretended 1)表示过去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状态表示过去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状态2)用一般过去时表示用一般过去时表示过去经常发生的动作过去经常发生的动作(也可用也可用“used
12、 to do”或或“would do”代替代替)。During the vacation she often swam/would swim/used to swim in the sea.I used to smoke.1.At the end of the meeting,the headmaster (give)us a talk.2.Listen!The radio says a serious accident _ (happen)last night.3.-Have you taken the medicine yet?-Yes,I (take)just now.4.The roo
13、ms of library are clean.The boys _ (sweep)them yesterday.5.I was going home when I (meet)an old friend.gavehappenedtooksweptmet犹如 picture导入之三：导入之三：How will you spend your National holiday?I will Im going to三三.一般/过去将来时表示将来时的四种形式表示将来时的四种形式 will/shall+will/shall+动词原形动词原形 be going to do be going to do b
14、e about to do be about to do be to do be to do 1.be going to 有很强的有很强的计划性计划性，打算干什么，而，打算干什么，而will表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性临时性和偶然性。-The telephone is ringing.-I _ answer it.A.will B.am going to C.am to D.am about to -Alice,why didnt you come yesterday?-I _,but I had an unexpected visitor.A.h
15、ad B.would C.was going to D.did 2.be going to 可用来表达可用来表达某种迹象要发生某种迹象要发生的事。的事。而而will 不能表示不能表示 Look at the clouds!It _ rain.is going to3.be to 表示因约定、计划，职责、义务表示因约定、计划，职责、义务要求即将发生的动作要求即将发生的动作,或或客观客观安排或受安排或受人指示而做某事。人指示而做某事。be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。表示主观的打算或计划。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.Im going
16、 to play football tomorrow afternoon.4be about to do 表示表示“正要干什么正要干什么”，1)表示即将发生的动作，表示即将发生的动作，不与表示将来的时间状不与表示将来的时间状语连用语连用。2)常与常与when 连用，连用，when 此时意思：此时意思：就在这时，就在这时，是并列连词是并列连词.3)构成句型：构成句型：be about to do when.was/were doing when be on the point of doingwhen had just done sthwhene.g.I was about to leave w
17、hen it rained.导入之五：导入之五：What are they doing now?They are having a class.五五.现在现在/过去进行时过去进行时 1表示表示(现在现在/过去过去)说话时正在进行说话时正在进行而而尚未完成尚未完成的的动作或状态动作或状态 I dont really work here.Im helping until the new secretary comes.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology_ so rapidly.A.
18、will have changed B.has changed C.is changing D.will changebe(am,are,is)+doing2.表示表示(过去过去)目前这段时间目前这段时间内正在进行的动作内正在进行的动作,但说话时动作未必正在进行。但说话时动作未必正在进行。She _(learn)piano under Mr.Smithat present.is learning3.与与always，constantly(不断地；时常地不断地；时常地),usually,frequently,all the time等连用，等连用，表表示赞成或厌恶的感情色彩示赞成或厌恶的感情色彩
19、。如：。如：He is always helping others.He was always thinking of others，never thinking of himself.3.现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的动作动作,多用于多用于位移位移/终止性动词终止性动词,如如:come,go,arrive,leave,stay,fly,take off.I_(leave)tomorrow._ you _(stay)here till next week?am leavingArestaying 4.“系动词介词或副词系动词介词或副词”,也表示进行时的意义
20、。也表示进行时的意义。The bridge is/was under construction.=is/was being constructed.The problem is under discussion.=is being discussed(1)表心理状态、情感的动词表心理状态、情感的动词：like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,need。(2)表存在的状态动词表存在的状态动词：have,appear,exist,lie,remain,seem,belong to,depend on。(3)瞬间动词
21、瞬间动词：begin/start,allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete。(4)感官动词感官动词：see,hear,notice,feel摸起来摸起来/感觉起来感觉起来,smell,sound,taste,look看起来。看起来。【注意注意】一般情况下，下面一般情况下，下面4类动词无进行时态：类动词无进行时态：七七.现在完成时现在完成时(The present Perfect Tense)1.结构结构:have(has)+done2.用法用法:1).现在完成时表示过去某一时间开始，一直延现在完成时表示过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态续到
22、现在的动作或状态,通常用于延续性动词通常用于延续性动词.常常与表示延续性的时间状语连用与表示延续性的时间状语连用,如如:so far,up to now,recently,since,for,over time等等 I have lived in Zhuhai for 3 years.He has lived here since last summer.时间线时间线现在现在过去过去lived延续到现在延续到现在:has lived last summer since2).表示过去的某一完成或者发生的动作对现在表示过去的某一完成或者发生的动作对现在造成的影响造成的影响或结果或结果,常用的时间状
23、语有常用的时间状语有:just,already,yet,ever,never,once，twice，many times等等.We _(finish)our lunch already._ you ever _(try)this method?have finishedHavetried1.-Where are the twins?-I think they (go)to Dafeng.2.There (be)many changes in Caoyan in the past 5 years.3.Jim (visit)the park twice since last month.4.So
24、far,We (learn)about 6 hundred English words.5.She (not give)the CDs back to me yet.have gonehave beenhas visitedhave learnthasnt givensince和和for 填空 since+_,用来说明动作起始时间用来说明动作起始时间 for+_,用来说明动作延续时间。用来说明动作延续时间。I have lived here _ at least twenty years.I have lived here _ I was born.时间点时间点时间段时间段forsince 固
25、定的特殊句型：固定的特殊句型：1.It is(has been)+一段时间一段时间+since-clause.2.This(That/It)is the first(second)time+that-clause (现在完成时现在完成时).3.This(That/It)is the best/finest/most interesting +that-clause(现在完成时现在完成时).Tips:比较一般过去时与现在完成时比较一般过去时与现在完成时 1).一般过去时只表示发生在过去的动作或存在一般过去时只表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态的状态,不涉及对现在的影响不涉及对现在的影响；现在完成时
26、表；现在完成时表示发生在过去的动作或状态示发生在过去的动作或状态一直延续到现在一直延续到现在,或强调过去的事情对现在的造成的影响或强调过去的事情对现在的造成的影响。My family lived in Zhuhai 10 years ago.（现在不在珠海了（现在不在珠海了)My family have lived in Zhuhai for 10 years.(目前还在珠海目前还在珠海)2).过去时常过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与而现在完成时通常与不确定的不确定的或或包括现在在内包括现在在内的的时间状语连用，或无时间状语时间状语连用，
27、或无时间状语.I _(study)in Zhongshan university in 2000.I _(study)in Zhongshan university since 2000.I _ just _(buy)an apartment.(just表示不确定的时间状语表示不确定的时间状语）studiedhave studiedhavebought注意：注意：非延续性动词不能与表示延续时间的状语非延续性动词不能与表示延续时间的状语(since;for)连用。但其否定形式则可以。连用。但其否定形式则可以。1)They have married for ten years.2)I have r
28、eceived his letter a month ago.3)I havent received his letter for a month.FFThave been marriedThey got married ten years ago.我已收到他的信一个月了。我已收到他的信一个月了。I have received his letter for a month.()请改用三个正确的表达法请改用三个正确的表达法:1._2._3._ I have kept his letter for a month.It is a month since I received his letter.
29、I received his letter a month ago.八八.过去完成时过去完成时(The past perfect Tense)1.结构结构:had+done2.概念：表示过去的过去概念：表示过去的过去-|-|-|-过去的过去过去的过去 过去现在将来过去现在将来 By the end of last term we had learnt 20 units.现在现在过去过去过去的过去过去的过去the end of last termhad learnt时间线时间线用法用法1.表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。句中常用作或状态。句中
30、常用by the end,by the time,by，before，until，when等词引导的等词引导的时间状语。如：时间状语。如：I had hoped to see more of ShangHai.I had meant to help you,but I was too busy at the moment.I had thought you would come tomorrow.2.表示未曾实现的愿望、打算、意图、承诺表示未曾实现的愿望、打算、意图、承诺等。意为等。意为“本来打算本来打算”，“本来想本来想”。常用。常用had hoped/planned/meant/inten
31、ded/thought/wanted/expected(that/to do)或用上述动词的过去式接不定式完成式表示，或用上述动词的过去式接不定式完成式表示，即：即：hoped/planned to(have done)。3、常用于下列句型中：、常用于下列句型中：1)Hardly/No sooner(过去完成时过去完成时)when/than（一般过去时）。（一般过去时）。2)It/This/That was the time that(从句从句用过去完成时用过去完成时)。3)It was+一段时间一段时间+since(从句用过去完从句用过去完成时成时)。We had no sooner bee
32、n seated than the bus started.=Hardly/Scarcely _ we been seated when the bus started.had1.When the police arrived,the thieves _(run away).2.When I came into the classroom,my dear students _(begin)reading.3.He walked in as if he _(buy)the school.(12广东）广东）had run awayhad begunhad bought 4.I _ to take
33、a good holiday this year,but I wasnt able to get away.A.hope B.have hoped C.had hoped D.hoped 5.Helen _ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home.A.has left;comes B.left;had come C.had left;came D.had left;would come cc导入之九：导入之九：-How long have you been studying in this school
34、?-Almost two and a half years.九、现在完成进行时九、现在完成进行时 主语主语+has/have+been+doing.表示过去某一时间发生表示过去某一时间发生一直持续到现在一直持续到现在还会还会继续继续下去的动作（动作未完成），动词下去的动作（动作未完成），动词必须用必须用延续性延续性动词动词。He has been working here for three years.The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities has been rising steadily since 199
35、0.it hard to drive downtown to work?-Yes,that why I _to work by train.A.have been going B.have gone C.was going D.will have gone 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别 1.现在完成时现在完成时:表到现在为止表到现在为止已经完成已经完成，或过去，或过去发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果，也可表发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果，也可表示延续性；示延续性；现在完成进行时现在完成进行时:往往强调往往强调仍将继续仍将继续下去的动作。下去的动作。I
36、have written a letter.（已完成）（已完成）I have been writing a letter.（未完成）（未完成）过去过去现在现在时间线时间线have writtenhave been writing 2.有些延续性动词，如有些延续性动词，如live,teach,work,study,learn,stay等因现在完等因现在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大。成时与现在完成进行时差别不大。I have lived here for ten years.=I have been living here for ten years.解动词填空题解动词填空题“三步曲三步曲”一看
37、时间状语一看时间状语1.There (be)a match this evening.2.Mother never knew what _ (happen)in 10 years.3.I (have)this book for 2 weeks.4.Alice (wait)for us in the room now.5.Every year,many trees (plant)along the river.will bewould happenhave hadis waitingare planted二观上下文联系二观上下文联系1.She cant be here.She (go)to Ca
38、nada.quiet,please!They (have)a lesson.3.-Hi,Lin Tao.I didnt see you at the party.-Oh,I (get)ready for the exam.4.Dont come here tomorrow.I (have)a meeting.has goneare havingwas gettingwill have三找隐含条件三找隐含条件1.Tom (go)to bed early but his brother doesnt.2.-What did the teacher say just now?-He said tha
39、t the earth (travel)around the sun.3.The bridge (be)open to traffic in a few years,isnt it?Jims radio (make)a loudnoise.Would you please tell him _(turn)it down?goestravelsis going to beis makingto turnExercises1.I usually _ up at 6:00,but yesterday I _ up at 7:00 and tomorrow I _ up at 6:30.(get)2.
40、Listen!Someone _(knock)at the door.3.I _(be)in Beijing for two years.4.How often _ Andy _(surf)the internet?5.He fell asleep while he _(read)a book.getwill getgotis knocking have been doessurfwas reading6.I _ never _(hear)of that man before.7.My brother often _(go)for walks last summer.8.Lily said s
41、he _ (put)on the new dress the next day.9._ the story _(happen)in London in 1949?10.What _ his mother _(do)when he opened the door?haveheardwentwould putDid happenwasdoing11.If it _(not rain)tomorrow,they _(go)fishing.12._ your mother _ the piano every Sunday?13.They _(not)call you the day after tom
42、orrow.14.Tom _(work)there since two years ago.15.By the time I _(walk)into the classroom,the teacher _(start)teaching.doesnt rainwill go Does has workedwont walkedhad startedplay Jenny Jenny _(be)a foreign girl.She _(come)from the United States.Look,she _(draw)pictures in the living room.Two years a
43、go,her parents _(move)to China.Jenny _(not have)any friends,so she _(feel)lonely.But now,she _(have)many Chinese friends and _(study)with them everyday.Jenny _(visit)her grandparents in the United States next month.iscomesis drawingmoveddidnt havefelthasstudieswill visitOne good turn deserves anothe
44、r I _(have)dinner at a restaurant when Tony Steele came in.Tony _(work)in a lawyers office years ago,but he _(work)at a bank now.He _(get)a good salary,but he always _(borrow)money from his friends and never _(pay)it back.Tony _(see)me and _(come)and _(sit)at the same table.He _ never _(borrow)money from me.While he _(eat),I _(ask)him to lend me twenty pounds.To my surprise,he _(give)me the money immediately.I have never borrowed any money from you,Tony said,so now you can pay for my dinner!was havingworkedis workingaskedsawcamehassatgavewas eatingborrowsgetspaysborrowed
