1、2018届二轮复习届二轮复习形容词和副词在短文语法填空和短文改错中的考查形容词和副词在短文语法填空和短文改错中的考查语法填空题对形容词和副词的考查主要是形容词作定语或表语、形容词和副词的比较级或最高级、形容词和副词的词性转换等。特别说明：本考点主要讲解形容词、副词的比较等级，有关形容词和副词的词性转换将在“考点6词类转换”中具体讲解，本考点不再赘述。1(2014新课标卷)Finally,the hard work paid off and now the water in the river is _(clean)than ever.解析：句意：最后人们的努力得到了回报，现在这条河比以前更干净
2、了。根据空后的than，说明设空处应该填提示词的比较级形式。2(2014辽宁卷)The _(hard)you try to beat him,the more likely you will get hit.解析：此处与下句中的the比较级构成结构“the比较级.，the比较级.”，意为“越，越”。3(2014广东卷)We had made our reservation six months _(early),but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.解析：句意：我们六个月前预定了，但是前台的人说有个错误。由语境可
3、知此处应填earlier。earlier cleaner harder 括号中所给词是形容词或副词，根据语法结构判断词性不需变化时，考虑填该词的比较级或最高级。1有提示词than,much,far,a lot,any,a little用比较级。2有提示词the,the second,by far,of/in/among等用最高级。1(2015陕西卷短文改错)My mum makes the better biscuits in the world.答案与解析：betterbest表示比较的范围是in the world，故改为最高级。2To make matters bad now I hav
4、e to share a room with my younger sister,Maggie.答案与解析：badworseto make matters worse“更糟糕的是”。3I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive.答案与解析：littlelessand前后都是比较级，故将little改为less。1原级与比较级的错用。若句中有than或暗含比较意用比较级，表同等程度用原级。2比较级与最高级的错用。表两者比较用比较级，表三者或三者以上比较用最高级。3单音节形容词比较级前用多余
5、的more。若形容词或副词后面加了er，前面就不能用more。情况规则例词比较级最高级一般的单词在词尾加er在词尾加estcoldcoldercoldest以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾加r在词尾加stnicenicernicest以“辅音字母y”结尾的单词在把y改为i再加er把y改为i再加esthappyhappierhappiest;unluckyunluckierunluckiest以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的单词双写辅音字母，再加er双写辅音字母，再加estbigbiggerbiggest；thinthinnerthinnest情况规则例词比较级最高级多音节词和部分双音节
6、词在单词前加more在单词前加mostslowlymore slowlymost slowly少数双音节词以及以er或le结尾的词在词尾加er或r，或在单词前加more在词尾加est或st，或在单词前加mostcommoncommoner/more commoncommonest/most common;simplesimpler/more simplesimplest/most simple不规则变化good/wellbetterbest;littlelessleast;many/muchmoremost1形容词和副词的比较等级的用法：(1)同级比较：as形容词/副词的原级as；其否定形式是
7、“not as/so形容词/副词的原级as”。(2)比较级结构：形容词/副词的比较级than;more/less多音节或某些双音节的形容词或副词than。常见的修饰比较级的词有rather,much,even,far,by far,a lot,a great deal等。The task proved to be rather more difficult than I had expected.(3)最高级结构：the形容词的最高级(名词)比较范围(in/of/among短语)；one of the形容词的最高级名词复数。常用来修饰最高级的词有by far,almost,nearly以及序数
8、词等。It is well known that China has the largest population in the world.2比较级常见的特殊句型：(1)“比较级and比较级”表示“越来越”。The climate in the world is now getting hotter and hotter.(2)“the比较级.,the比较级.”表示“越，就越”。The more difficult the questions are,the less likely I am able to answer them.(3)“no比较级than”表示两者都否定，意为“两者一样都
9、不”；而“not比较级than”表示前者不如后者。比较：I am afraid that the passage is no easier than that one.我担心这两篇文章都不容易。This passage is not easier than that one.这篇文章不如那篇文章容易。(4)“the比较级of the two名词”表示“两者中较的一个”。The taller of the two boys is my brother.3在英语中除了最高级外，还有其他表示最高级含义的常见句型：(1)比较级thanany other名词单数比较级than(all)the other
10、名词复数The dinosaurs were bigger than any other animals that ever walked on the surface of the earth.恐龙要比曾在地球上行走的其他的任何动物都要大。(2)否定词(no,not,never,nothing,no one,nobody)比较级最高级。Nothing is more precious than health.(3)否定词so/as形容词(a/an单数名词)as.。No experience is so valuable as the experience gained with ones o
11、wn sweat and blood.微考场新演练微考场新演练 好题巧练拿高考满分好题巧练拿高考满分 1Raymonds parents wanted him to have the _(good)possible education.解析：句意：雷蒙德的父母想让他接受最好的教育。the best possible意为“最好的”，是固定用法。2It may not be a great suggestion.But before a _(good)one is put forward,well make do with it.解析：句意：这个建议可能不是很好。但是在一个更好的建议被提出来之前，
12、我们会先凑合采用它。本题考查形容词的比较等级。“a比较级”表示“一个更的”，题干中暗含着比较的含义，需使用比较级。better best 3While finding information is easier than ever,at the same time,researching has become _(complex)解析：句意：尽管发现信息比以往容易，但与此同时研究变得更复杂化。根据语境可知该处填比较级。4Andy is content with the toy.It is the _(good)he has ever got.解析：句意：安迪对这个玩具很满意。这是他所拥有的最好
13、的一个玩具了。由后面的ever got可知，此处用the best表达最高级含义。5I think watching TV every evening is a waste of timethere are _(meaningful)things to do.解析：句意：我觉得每天晚上看电视是浪费时间有更有意义的事可做。根据题干可看出，和看电视相比，有更有意义的事情可做，所以此处应用比较级。more meaningful more complex best 6This is by far the _(inspiring)movie that I have ever seen.解析：句意：这显然
14、是我看过的最激励人的电影。形容词的最高级句式：“This is形容词最高级that I have ever done”。by far“得多；大大地”，与形容词、副词的比较级或最高级连用。7Its said that the power plant is now _(two)as large as what it was.解析：句意：据说现在这个发电厂的大小是过去的两倍。倍数表达法有三种：倍数as形容词/副词的原级as；倍数形容词/副词的比较级than；倍数the名词of。两倍应用twice。8John is the tallest boy in the class,and is almost
15、_(tall)than the teacher.解析：句中含有than，用比较级。taller most inspiring twice 9But when he was 11 years old,he found out he had a sickness which would prevent him from growing much _(tall)解析：设空前有比较级修饰语much，故该空填比较级。10How beautifully she sings!I have never heard a _(good)voice.解析：否定词never与比较级连用表最高级意义。better ta
16、ller.单句改错1The 3D version of Titanic cant be most impressive and has brought us a wonderful experience._2This tree is higher than that one._3His income is more than his wifes._4There are few boys than girls in our class._5The sooner you give up smoking,the good it will be._goodbetter mostmore highert
17、aller morelarger fewfewer .语法填空Scientists believe the Sahara Desert is _(two)as old as we previously thought.Science books generally say the Sahara is around three million years old._，a new study from a center for climate research in Norway says it could be around seven million years old.Researchers
18、 _(use)computers to calculate when large parts of North Africa became desert.Their tests showed that _(globe)warming seven million years ago dried a lot of the land in _ is today the African nation of Chad.A sea _(call)the Tethys Sea started shrinking.This made the African summer monsoons(季风)less fr
19、equent,_ helped form sand dunes(沙丘)in Chad.However twice which used global what called The Sahara is one of the worlds bestknown and _(large)deserts.The sands stretch from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Red Sea in the east.Not everyone agrees that the Sahara is _ old as the Norway research sa
20、ys it is.Stefan Kropelin,a geologist in Germany,says real geological evidence is needed to be sure.He says the Norway research is based on numbers but not evidence.He adds that our knowledge of the Saharan climate is _(little)than we thought.As time goes by,the mystery of the Sahara Desert could be
21、explored.less largest as 解析：科学家对撒哈拉大沙漠的研究表明，撒哈拉大沙漠的历史远比人们认为的古老。1考查数词。这里是倍数的表达。twice as old as we previously thought“两倍于我们先前认为的那么古老”。2考查副词。然而，来自挪威气候研究中心的一项新的研究表明：撒哈拉大沙漠大约有七百万年的历史。故填However。3考查动词时态。根据后面的“when large parts of North Africa became desert”可知，空处应用一般过去时。4考查形容词。global warming“全球变暖”。5考查宾语从句。根据空前的in可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语，故填what。6考查非谓语动词。这里用过去分词作sea的定语。7考查定语从句。which代指前面的一句话。即：这使得非洲夏季季风不太频繁，这样有助于在Chad形成沙丘。8根据空前的“one of the worlds bestknown”可知，该空用最高级。9根据设空后的as，可知该处是同级比较。10设空后是than，故该空用比较级。
