1、外研版版高中英语必修四知识点归纳Module 1 Life in the future重点短语：1. have no alternative but (=have no choice but)除外别无选择; 只要2. alternative energy 可代替能源3. an alternative plan 替代方案4. load with sth. 给 装某物load the truck with coal 给汽车装上煤5. be on fire 着火(强调状态)6. catch fire 失火(强调动作,无被动语态)7. set fire to sth 放火烧某物8. command s
2、b to do sth 命令某人做某事9. command that (that从句中要用should+动词 原形, should可省略)10. free of charge 免费,不花钱11. in charge of 负责，管理12. in the charge of 由负责13. take charge of 负责管理,负责照顾14. be charged with 充满15. attach sth to sth 把某物固定/附在某物上16. attach oneself to 参加;和在一起,缠着17. be attached to 连在上; 附属于.; 系在上18. attach i
3、mportance/value to sth.认为某事很重要/有价值19. for sure 肯定地,有把握地20. sb. is sure to do sth 某人一定/肯定做某事21. be sure + that-clause 确信,相信22. make sure of /about sth 确保23. make sure + that-clause 确保24. sb. run out of sth 某人用完了某东西25. sth. run out 某物用完了(没有了)26. rely on/upon 依靠,信赖;取决于27. rely on it that 指望.,对不怀疑28. ge
4、t rid of =ridof 摆脱,丢掉;除去,赶走,消灭29. with + 复合宾语结构,常用的结构形式有:with+宾语+现在分词(强调宾语是现在分词动作的发出者或某状态、动作正在进行)with+宾语+过去分词(强调宾语是过去分词动作的承受者或动作已经发生)with+宾语+形容词(强调宾语的特性和状态) with+宾语+副词with+宾语+不定式(不定式动作尚未发生) with+宾语+介词短语30. place an order 订购31. carry out an operation 做手术32. be optimistic about .对乐观的33. be optimistic
5、that 对.乐观34. in shape 处于良好状态,在形状上35. in the shape of 以.形状;呈形36. out of shape 变形,走样37. look out of 向外看38. look out! 小心，当心Watch out! Be careful! Take care!39. for a start 首先40. to start with = to begin with 首先, 第一41. from the start= from the beginning 从开头, 从开始42. on the way out 即将被淘汰; 即将过时43. on the w
6、ay n./pron./to doing 即将,来到,接近44. canttoo或nevertoo “不可能太.”,“再怎么.也不过分”45. Not all=Allnot 并非所有的重点知识点：倒装句(1). all, both, every, everyone, everything 与not 连用时，表示部分否定。(2). none, no( nobody, nothing) ,neither等词可表达全部否定。 马路的两侧都没有植树。There are no trees on both sides of the road.shapebe in bad/good shape 情况还处于混
7、乱/有序状态,健康情况(不)佳;take shape成形,有显著发展;in the shape of 以.的形状形式out of shape变走样,不成样子身体不舒服, 生病;runrun across 偶然发现,偶然碰到; run into偶然遇见，偶然发现,与相撞in the long run/term从长远看，从最终结果来看;in the short run 在不远的将来run out= give out耗尽，用光(vi.) / run out of = use up (vt.)relyrely/depend on/upon (sb/sth to do sth) 依靠,信任,信赖rely
8、 on it that指望【拓展】depend on/upon依靠; 由.而定, 取决于;That (all)depends. =It all depends. 口要看情况而定类似功能单词- like/ hate/ appreciate/ see to (it) that确保;确定attachattach sth to sth把系/缚在; attach importance to sth 重视be attached to sb/sth依恋，留恋，爱慕某人/事物charge n. 费用, 主管v. 收费(1).charge sb money for sth/ doing sth为收某人钱(sb.
9、) take charge of 负责，管理(v.) (sb. +be) in charge of(prep.)(sth. +be) in the charge of sb. 由负责，管理free of charge 免费(2).charge sb with sth 因某事控告某人=accuse sb. of mandcommand/order sb to do sthcommand/order (that) sb (should) do sth(_v_? + that (从句用should+v原形)一坚持要求：insist; 二命令：order, command; 三建议：suggest(建
10、议), propose, advise; 四请求：demand，desire, request, require)将来进行时由“will / shall + be + doing”构成，具体用法如下：(1) 表示将来某时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。常与soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, in two days, tomorrow evening等表示将来的时间状语连用。如：I will be having an English class at 8 tomorrow. 我明天八点钟正在上英语课。Mary will be
11、working in the factory in the next two months. 下两个月玛丽将在这个厂里工作。At 7:00 this evening I will be watching the news programs on TV.今晚七时，我将正在收看电视新闻节目。This time tomorrow I shall be flying to New York. 明天这个时候我将飞往纽约。(2) 表示预料不久要发生或将来的某种可能性，说话人往往有“我料想”或“我估计”的含义。We believe that peasants life will be getting bet
12、ter and better. 我们相信农民的生活会越来越好。If we dont do so, we shall be making a serious mistake.如果我们不那样做，我们就会犯严重的错误。(3) 表示亲切或委婉的语气。如：When shall we be meeting again? 我们什么时候再见面?【注意】在时间、条件等状语从句中，用现在进行时代替将来进行时。如：Be careful when you are crossing the street. 过马路时要当心。If Tom is doing his homework when you come back,
13、dont disturb him, please.你回来时如果汤姆正在做作业，请不要打扰他。Module2 Traffic jam重点短语：1. be on display 展览be on showbe on exhibition2. permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事3. permit doing sth 允许做某事4. provide sb with sth 为某人提供某物 provide sth for sb5. sth impress sb 某物给某人留下影响 sb be impressed by6. impress sth on sb 使某人铭记= impress
14、 sb with sth7. sth is impressed on ones mind某事被印在脑海里8. have/leave/make/ a impression on sb给某人留下的印象9. be convenient to sb 对某人方便10. It is convenient for sb 对某人方便11. It is convenient to do sth 做某事方便12. be convenient for sth 对某事方便13. get around=get about 到处旅游; 四处走动14. be connected to/with 与.相连, 接通15. be
15、 stuck in 困住,动不了16. get dressed 穿衣get washed 洗脸get lost 迷路get married 结婚get charged 充电get separated 被分散17. in no time 马上,一会儿18. on time 按时in time 及时19. once upon a time 从前20. at the same time 与此同时at one time 曾经, 一度,从前有个时期at no time 决不,在任何时候都不21. be worth doing 值得做.be worth + n. = be worthy of + nsth
16、. is worth doing = sth is worthy of being done= sth is worthy to be done22. “祈使句 + and +简单句”可以改为if条件句Think hard, and youll have an idea. 使劲想，你就会有主意。23. “祈使句 + or +简单句”也可以改为if条件句Listen to me, or you wont understand. = ?24. under construction 正在建设之中25. be limited to 局限于.26. in rush hours 处于交通高峰期27. re
17、act to 对产生反应react with sth. 与某物起(化学)反应28. occur to sb (主意或想法突然)浮现与脑中, 被想起,被想到29. It occurs to sb to do sth 某人想到It occurs to sb that30. have sth done 请别人做某事31. keep cool 保持冷静keep quiet 保持安静keep still 不动keep silent 保持沉默32. no way 肯定不, 没门儿 (用于句首时，句子要倒装)重点知识点：permitpermit (n.) 许可证 permit (v.) 允许，许可 perm
18、ission (n.) 允许，许可permit/ allow sb. to dodoingunder的相关短语在考虑中under consideration 在讨论中under discussion 在治疗中under treatment在修理中under repair 在研究中under study 遭受攻击under attackworthbe worth + ndoingbe worthy+of sthof being doneto be donetimeall the time 一直，始终 time and time again 反复多次at times 有时，偶尔 from time
19、 to time 不时，偶尔，间或at no time 在任何时候都不 at all times 随时，总是at a time 每次，一次 at one time 曾经，一度take your time 不用急，慢慢来 ahead of time 提前kill time 消磨时间 in no time 马上一会祈使句祈使句的句式特征祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此，祈使句中一般没有主语，但根据其句意，实际上是省略了主语you。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号，朗读时，常用降调。在表达请求或劝告时，在祈使句前或句末可加, 上please，以使句, 子的语气更加缓和, 或客气。
20、祈使句一般没有时态的变化，也不能与情态动词连用。例如：Keep off the grass!勿踩草地!Put the boxes in the small room.把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。祈使句的肯定句式祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型：行为动词原形+其他成分。例如：Make sentences after the model.根据例句造句。Be动词+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。例如：Be careful when crossing the street.过马路时要小心。Let, +宾语+动词原, 形+, 其他, 成分, 。例如：Let him go back now.让他
21、现在回去吧。祈使句的否定句式祈使句的否定句式，通常情况下在句首加上Dont或Never，一般分为以下四种类型：在祈使句的肯定句式前加Dont，构成“Dont+行为动词原形+其他成分”。例如：Dont say that again!别再那样说了!在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Dont，构成“Dont be+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)”。例如：Dont be careless.不要粗心。注意：在这种句型中be不能省略;否定副词not不可置于be之后。Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种：Let开头的祈使句，如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格，可在Let前加Dont，也可在Let后宾格
22、的名词或代词后面加not。如果以Lets开头的祈使句，必须在Lets后加not。例如：Dont let me go with her tomorrow. =Let me not go with her tomorrow.不要让我明天跟她一起去。Lets not tell her the truth whenever we meet her.无论什么时候我们碰到她，都不要告诉她真相。在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用“No+名词/V-ing形式”结构，表示“禁止做某事”。例如：NO PHOTOS! 禁止拍照!祈使句的反意问句祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分。通常有
23、以下三种式：祈使句为肯定句式，其反意疑问句表示请求时，通常用will you;表示邀请、劝说时，用wont you。例如：Be sure to write to us, will you?你一定要给我们写信，好吗?Come to have dinner with us this evening, wont you?今晚来和我们一起吃饭，好吗?祈使句为否定句式，其反意疑问句通常只用will you。例如：Dont smoke in the meeting room, will you?不要在会议室抽烟，好吗?Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除Lets用shall we外，其他均用will y
24、ou。例如：Let the boy go first, will you?让个那男孩先走，好吗?Lets take a walk after supper, shall we?晚饭后我们去散步，好吗?祈使句的回答祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或wont。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：一是“形式一致”，即Yes与will保持一致;No与wont保持一致。二是“意思相反”，即Yes是“不”的意思;No是“是”的意思。在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。例如：- Dont go out, please. Its raining heavi
25、ly outside.请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。- Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport.不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。祈使句与陈述句的并列使用祈使句后接陈述句时，须用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时，要用并列连词and来连接;如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时，要用并列连词or来连接。例如：Leave it with me and I will see what I can do.把它留给我吧，我想想有没有办法。Hurry up, or well be late.快点，否则我们要迟到了。祈使句与条件
26、状语从句的连用祈使句与条件状语从句连用时，条件状语从句可置于祈使句前或后。例如：Tell him to make a phone call to me if he comes here tomorrow.如果他明天来这儿的话，叫他给我来个电话。祈使句的强调形式祈使句的强调形式通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do(Do在句中无意义)。例如：Do shut up!快住口!特殊形式的祈使句在英语中，有些祈使句不是以动词原形来引起一个祈使句，而是以一个名词短语来充当，且后接一个带有并列连接词的分句。实际上，这个充当祈使句的名词短语相当于一个条件状语从句。Module3Boday language重点短语
27、：1. vary in 在方面不同2. vary fromto 从.到变化3. vary with 随着.而变化,因.而不同4. involve sb in 允许某人参与5. involve oneself in 积极参与6. be/get involved in 被卷入到.之中 7.more than 不仅仅more than 100 = over 100 , 超过100 more than surprised 十分/非常 吃惊more than 与其说不如说(强调前者)He was more an artist than a writer.8. on guard (保持)警惕;值班,站岗9
28、. on holiday 度假on leave 休班on duty 值班10. hold up 举起,抬起,承受住,支撑11. hold back 阻挡hold on 等会儿, 坚持hold down 限制hold out 维持12. give away 泄露,出卖,暴露,让步,赠送,捐赠13. give off 发出(烟、光、热、气味等)14. give out 发出;放出(消息、声音等);用完,耗尽15. mind reader 能看透别人心思的人16. make a deal 达成协议,做成交易17. communicate with sb 和某人交流18. be busy with s
29、th 忙于某事19. shake hands with sb 和某人握手20. stare at sb/sth 注视着某人/某物21. stare into the distance 凝视着远方22. request sb to do sth 要求某人做某事23. request that sb (should) do 要求某人做某事24. make a request for 要求.25. at the request of sb 应某人的请求= at sbs request26. by request(of) 按要求27. do sb a favour 帮某人一个忙28. ask sb a
30、 favour 请某人帮个忙29. in favour of 赞成30. do sb a favor = do a favor for sb 帮某人的忙31. lift up 举起;太高;吊起32. up and down 上上下下up and down 前前后后= back and forth = backwards and forwardsup and down 处处= here and thereup and down 来来往往 = to and from33. by accident 偶然地,无意地重点知识点：vary vi 变化 various adj 各式各样的 variety n
31、 变化;vary in- 在-方面变化vary from to . 在-与-之间变化a variety of 各种各样的involveinvolve doing 需要、涉及 ,牵扯Involve sb in sth 把某人牵扯到中Be/get involved in 和-有关联;牵涉独立主格palm outwards and five fingers spread .属于“独立主格结构”，不是完整的句子。这个结构中的名词或代词就是逻辑主语，与他后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词是逻辑上的主谓关系。The test finished ,we began our holiday .The me
32、eting over , everyone went out of the meeting room .Tom came in , a toy in his hand .Module 4 Greatscientists重点短语：1. experiment with sth. 用某物实验2. experiment on sth. 对某物进行实验3. carry out an experimentperform an experimentconduct an experimentdo an experimentmake an experiment做实验4. make a breakthrough
33、取得重大突破(进展)5. convert A into/to B 把A转换成B6. take the place of = replace 取代,代替7. in place of 取代,代替(介词短语)8. instead of 代替,而不是(介词短语)9. a quantity of + 不可数名词,谓语动词用单数10. quantities of+可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数quantities of+不可数名词,谓语动词用复数11. bring up 抚育;教养,呕吐,提出(话题等)12. bring down 降低bring about 导致,引起bring back 归还;恢复;回想
34、bring in 赚(钱);带进;传入13. search for 寻找14. search sb/sp 搜查某人或某地15. in search of 寻求/寻找16. as a result of 由于.的结果as a result 因此,结果17. owing tothanks todue tobecause of 由于18. the key to 的关键the answer to the question 问题的答案notes to the text 课文注释an end to the meeting 会议的结束the entrance to the building 大厦的入口19.
35、 export sth to 出口某物到20. the second most important 第二重要的21. be interested in 对感兴趣22. graduate from. 从.(地方)毕业23. escape from (out of)+sp. 从某地逃脱;逃走escape from reality 逃避现实24. have a narrow escape 九死一生25. a fire escape 紧急出口;安全门26. clear up (天气)放晴;整理;收拾27. be known for 因.而出名/闻名be known an 以而知名,著称be known
36、 to 为所知28. earn ones living 谋生= make a livingget/gain a living 谋生 比较：live/lead alife 过着.的生活29. come to power 掌权;执政30. take power 取得政权in power 当权,执政out of ones power 不能胜任,力所不及= beyond ones power31. It is possible that. 可能32. Its certain that. 一定.=sb/sth is certain to do Its certain that youll succeed
37、. = ?33. Its likely that 可能.=sb/sth is likely to doIts likely that he is doing his homework. = ?34. It seems that 好像=sb/sth seems to doIt seems that he knows the secret. =?35. at war 在交战中36. be diagnosed with 被诊断出, 患有37. become the voice of 成为的代言人38. partly because of 一部分因为重点知识点：a large quantity of
38、意思是“许多，大量 ”, 可修饰可数名词和不可数名词。名词后的谓语动词总是单数large quantities of 意思是“许多，大量 ”, 可修饰可数名词和不可数名词。名词后的谓语动词总是复数the key to sth. doing sth. 意为 “ 的关键”这就是考试失败的关键。This is the key to his failure in the exam.= This is the key to failing in the exam.她获得成功的关键在于她的努力。The key to her success is based on her efforts.类似用法the a
39、nswer to的答案 the entrance to.的入口the solution to. 的解决方法 the approach to.的解决方法【拓展】be (get) used to 习惯于，devote oneself to 致力look forward to 期待做某事， be addicted to 对上瘾get down to 开始认真做 make contributions to 对做出贡献clear vi adj. adv.(清晰地)1).the smoke cleared/clears烟雾消散2).天气放晴，整理，澄清clear upclear away清除，整理Modu
40、le5Trip along the threee gorges重点短语：1. surround sb with sb 用某人包围某人be surrounded by sb 被某人所包围in the surrounding 在周围环境2. a narrow escape 九死一生3. in the distance 在远处,在远方from a distance 从一定距离,从远处at a distance 在一定距离处,隔一段距离keep sb at a distance 对某人冷淡;与某人保持距离4. at the edge of 在的边缘(侧重于在边 缘点上)on the edge of 在
41、边缘上(侧重在边缘较广阔的地域)5. at least = at the least 至少6. not in the least = not all 一点也不7. at most = at the most 至多8. be heavy with 有大量的9. make a detour 绕道而行10. have four weeks off 休四周假11. go through 穿过;经历12. forbid sb to do sth 禁止某人做某事13. forbid doing sth 禁止做某事14. require to do sth 要求去做某事15. require sb to d
42、o sth 要求某人去做某事16. require that sb (should) do sth 要求某人做某事17. sth require doing 某物需要被做= sth require to be done18. on a spot 在现场,当场19. rip off 敲竹杠;敲诈20. rip sth off 偷窃,盗取21. get a kick out of 从中得到乐趣22. enjoy doing 喜欢干.23. be fond of 喜欢.24. go in for 爱好,从事重点知识点：1. forbid禁止(forbade/forbad-forbidden-forb
43、idding)forbid/ allow / permit / advise doing sthforbid/ allow / permit / advise sb to dobe to do / be going to do / be about tobe going to do 强调主语的主观安排be to do 表示按计划行事，可能这个计划不是主语的打算I am going to spend the rest of my life in England .Believe it or not, I am to deliver a lecture on politics. It is the
44、 departments arrangement .be about to表示即将发生的事情， 不与将来时间状语连用。固定搭配：be about to dowhen3.distant.adj 遥远的in the distance 在远处 at a distance距离稍远些 keepat a distance与保持一定距离Module 6 Unexplained mysteries重点短语：1. attack sb with sth 用某物攻击某人2. be attacked with a disease 患/害病3. make an attack on/upon 对发动攻击4. a hear
45、t attack 心脏病突发5. come into existence 开始存在;形成;成立6. a struggle for existence 生存竞争7. calm down (使)安静下来8. sb. is unlikely to 某人不可能9. It is unlikely that 不可能be likely to. 可能10. be related to 与有关,与有联系11. relate sth to sth 把.与联系起来12. There happens to be 碰巧有13. There appears to be 似乎有14. There seems to be 好像有15. have the fortune (luck) to do sth幸好(幸运)做某事16. make a fortune 发财17. try ones fortune 碰碰运气18. die out (家族、物种)灭绝;灭亡;(习俗等)渐渐消失 ; (火)逐渐熄灭19. throw light on 帮助弄清楚;阐明某事20. come to light 暴露,被发现,表现出来21. brin
