1、精心整理初二英语上册知识点(短语、句型)MODULE11、如有always,often,usually,sometimes,seldom,never,oncea.,every.用一般现在时,第一、二人称复数后跟动词原形,第三人称单数后跟动词加s/es。2、如有now,look!,listen,atthemoment.用现在进行时,结构是be(am,is,are)+v-ing3、如有tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,fromnowon,in+一段时间,someday,next.用一般将来时,结构:will+v原begoingto+v原(没有动词用be)4、如有yester
2、day,.ago,last.justnow.用一般过去时动词加edgivesb.Sth.=givesth.tosb.给某人某物everyday每天,writedown写下,记下writeit(them)downeveryday每天的,日常的,howaboutdoingsth.=whataboutdoingsth.做.怎么样eachother互相.thanksalot=thankyouverymuch非常谢谢回答Thatsallright.=Yourewelcome.=ThatOK.=Itsmypleasure.=Notatall.Whydontyou+V原.=whynot+.V原为什么不hel
3、psb.withsth.在某方面帮助别人helpsb.(to)dosth.帮助某人做某事withoneshelp=withthehelpofsb.在某人的帮助helponeselftosth.请自用食物watchsb.dosth.看到某人做了某事,(现在没有做,做过)watchsb.doingsth.看到某人正在做某事(正在做)see,hear类似remembertodosth.想起记得要做某事,未做事rememberdoingsth.相起记得做过某事forgettodosth.忘记要做某事forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事welcomeback欢迎回来,newterm新学期thist
4、erm这学期,nextterm下学学期,lastterm上学期,giveyousomeadvice给你一些建议whynot为什么不,makeamistake=makemistakes犯错误correctspelling正确的拼写,whatelse?=whatotherthings?还有什么apieceofadvice一条建议,follow/takeonesadvice采用别人的建议,sendsthtosb.=sendsb.sth.寄给某人sendfor派人去请/取sendup发射.allthetime一直enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime=haveagreattime=hav
5、efun,玩得愉快lotsof=alotof=many(可数)much(不可数)许多,spend:sb.spendsometimeonsth.某人花费时间做某事sb.spendsometime(in)doingsth.某人花费时间做某事Sb.spendsomemoneyonsth.某人花费钱买某物Sb.spendsomemoney(in)buyingsth.某人花费钱买某物Cost:sth.costsb.somemoney某物花去某人钱pay:sb.paysomemoneyforsth.某人支付钱Take:Ittakes(took)sb.sometimetodosth.做某事花去某人时间ask
6、for请求,要求,asksb.forsth.向某人要某物asksb.todosth.要求某人做某事apieceof一块enjoydoingsth喜欢做某事.finish,practise,mind,miss,consider,keep,continue,这些词语后跟动名词形式V-ingplacesth.in=putsth.in把某物放在里面else常修饰不定代词,关系代词或副词,也可修饰all,much,little等,else要位于其后。所有格为elses.takeadeepbreath深呼吸,catchholdonesbreath屏住呼吸,outofbreath上气不接下气,wishsb.
7、todosth.希望某人做某事,thenumberof的数目,后跟名词复数,动词用三单,anumberof=many,大量,许多后跟名词复数,动词用复数形式。alargenumberof,asmallnumberof,invitesb.todosth.邀请某人做某事find+it+adj+todosth.发现做某事怎么样trytodosth.尽力做事trydoingsth.尝试做某事trynottodosth.尽力不做某事tryonesbest尽某人最大的努力,agroupof一组,一群,borrowsthfromsb.从某人处借入某物,lendsth.tosb=lendsb.sth.借给某人
8、某物keep借一段时间practicedoingsth.,练习做做某事comefrom=befrom来自,lookfor寻找,lookafter=carefor=takecareof照顾lookup向上看,查阅,looklike看起来像,lookat看着,lookonsb.as把某人看作,lookforwardtodoingsth.盼望,期待做某事lookover检查,翻阅,lookout当心,向外看,lookthrough仔细查看,bereadyfor=getreadyfor=preparefor为,beready准备好,be(get)readytodosth.准备做某事,乐意做某事tran
9、slateinto将译成,takeamessage捎个信,leaveamessage留个信,begoodfor对有好处,begoodat=dowellin擅长于bepoorat=bebadat=dobadlyin=beweakin不擅长Thinkof想起,thinkabout想出,thinkover仔细考虑,else修饰不定代词something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,anybody,nobody和who,what,when,where时放后,四说,1,speak说语言,2.say说内容,3,talk与谁说,4,tell告诉,讲述,四看,1,
10、watch观看电视,比赛和表演,2,see看人,电影,医生,风景,3,read看书,报,4,look就看。看场电影要用see,读书看报用read电视、戏剧、比赛,凡是表演用watch,observe细观察,一时注意用notice.make+宾语+补足语(形容词)使某人某物怎么样。.make+宾语+do让某人做某事make+宾语+过去分词使某人被怎么样;makefriendswithsb.与某人交朋友,hearof听说,hearfrom收到某人的来信,bebadfor对有害,itis+adj.+ofsb+todosth.写性格,品质kind,goodnice,right,wrong,clever
11、,careless,polite,foolish等。Itis+adj+forsb+todosth.对物的评价difficult,easyhard,dangerous,important,等writeto给写信,nextto在旁边,dosomeconcerts办音乐会,speaktosb.和某人讲话,sayhellotosb.给某人问好,saybyetosb.向某人说再见,showsb.aroundsomewhere带某人参观某地,learnsthfromsb.向某人学习choosethecorrectanswers选择正确答案,correctthemistakes改错,matchwith把和搭
12、配起来建议:1.whydontyoudosth?=whynotdosth?2.Howaboutdoingsth?=whataboutdoingsth?3.Youshould/candosth.4.Remembertodosth.5.Dontforgettodosth.6.canyoudosth?7.Letsdosth.8.Itsagoodideatodo9.Wouldyouliketodo?10.Shallwedo11.Youdbetter(not)dosth.回答:Thatsagoodidea.Thanksalot.Great,OK.Thatsright.Allright.Goodidea.
13、Sure.MODULE2现在完成时:1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,或结果,常与recently,ever,never,already,yet,just,beforestill连用;2.表示发生在过去并且一直持续到现在的动作或状态,常与for+时间段或since+时间点连用。结构:have(has)+过去分词,getinto=enter进入,whatsthepriceof=howmuchis问价格dreamabout梦到,dreamof梦见,aroundtheworld=allovertheworld全世界,staywithsb.与某人呆一起stayathome呆在家里,stayinb
14、ed呆在床上,walkto=gotoonfoot步行去takeoff脱下,起飞,landon/in/at着路,alloverChina,全中国,takeaseat=haveaseat请坐,cometure实现,flyto=goto.byplane(byair),坐飞机driveto=gotobycar开车,attheendof在尽头/结尾sellout卖光,attheend在结束时,havebeento去过(现在不在那儿),havegoneto去了(现在不在说话地)everydayEnglish日常英语,firstprice一等奖,Themostexcitingexperience最激动人心的
15、经历,beforelong不久,longbefore=soon=alittlelater很久以前,noproblem没问题,haveaproblemindoingsth.做某事有困难,workoutaproblem解决一个问题,invitesbtodosth,邀请某人做某事invitesbtosomeplace邀请某人去某地,oneday,某一天,(过去或将来)someday某一天(将来),连系动词,一是be(am,is,are,was,were,)一感觉feel,一保持keep,三变become,getturn,四起来taste,smell,look,sound,后跟形容词作表语。不定代词:
16、somebody,someone某人,anybody,anyone任何人nobody,noone,没人everyone,everybody每个人,something某物,anything任何物,nothing没事,everything一切事物,修饰他们的形容词放后。differentkindsof=allkindsof不同种类的,各种各样的,bytheendof到末为止,不迟于giveaconcert=giveconcerts举办音乐会intheend=finally最后,终于,takeaphoto=takephotos照相,店cooksthforsb.=cooksb.sth.为某人做饭buy
17、,makesuch+a/an+adj+单数名词=so+adj+a/an+单数名词(名前such,形副so,多多少少也用so,little属特殊,“小”用such,少用so.)交通工具的乘坐,takethe(a)+交通工具to,=go.by+交通工具=go.on/in+a(the)+交通工具(小汽车只能用in,其余的可用in,on);walktosomewhere=goto.onfoot;flytosomewhere.=go.byplaneridetosomewhere=go.bybike,drivetosomewhere=gotobycar,akindof一种,bekindtosb对某人友善s
18、incethen从那时起,takeoff脱下,起飞,请假,reckon=consider=regard=think考虑,认为,bereckoned(tobe),被以为reckon.as.相当于regard.as.把当成inthephoto,在照片里goabroad,出国beabroad,在国外travelabroad,到国外旅行sellout,卖光sellto,卖给某人sellwell卖得好,四个也:also,肯定,行前be后;too肯定,句末;either,否定,句末;aswell,肯定,句末。gotosleep,去睡觉thepriceof,.的价格,形容价格用high,low。sellst
19、hatahighprice,以高价出售,sellsthatalowprice,以低价出售。yet,用于完成时态的否定句和疑问句中;haveawonderfultime玩得高兴,wouldliketodosth=wanttodosth,想要做某事wouldlikesb.todosth=watsbtodosth想要某人做某事MODULE3already早已,用于完成时的肯定,;yet,用于完成时的否定和疑问;just,用于完成时justnow=amomentago用于过去时,arriveat(小地方)/in(大地方)=reach=getto,到达bring,从外往里拿,take,从里往外拿,car
20、ry无方向,fetch往返拿,morethan,=over,多于lessthan,少于alone,个体单独,独自;lonely,孤独,寂寞,也表示荒凉,mostof.的大多数,avisitto对.的参观,onavisitto.,参观.foravisit参观,payavisitto,拜访as.as.和.一样notas.as.=notso.as不如,so.that如此.以致于.如果that后是否定,就可以用too.to转换,如果是肯定就用,形容+enough(forsb)todosth.befamousfor因.面着名(原因),befamousas以.身份或产地而着名preferdoingsth.
21、todoingsth.=likedoingsthbetterthandoingsth更喜欢做某事,preferto更喜欢.prefertodosthratherthandosth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事,returnfromavisitto从.访问返回,benamedafter以.的名字命名,beproudof以.自豪,beuptosb.由某人决定,upto从事于,忙于,spacestation在太空站,showsthtosb.=showsbsth把某物给某人看,onbusiness出差,因.公事,在.的上面over,在.上面,正上方,中间有段空间,反义为underon在.上面,贴着物表,反义
22、beneath,above在.上方,高出,反义belowinthesky=intheair在天空中,byair=byplane坐飞机,inthelastthreeyears在过去三年里,用于现在完成时,none用于三个以上的全否定,反义为all;neither两个都不,反义为both,thelastestnews,最新消息,sharesth.withsb.与分享某物MODULE4geton/alongwithsb,与.相处,getonwellwithsb.与.相处融洽hearabout,hearof听说,infact实际上,theHopeSchools,希望学校lookafter=takeca
23、reof=carefor,照顾dropoutofschool,缀学takepartin,参加payfor,支付,付钱howlong,多长时间howsoon,多久getonbadlywith,与.相处不好hearfromsb.收到某人的信,邮件等onthefarm,在农场上inthelast+一段时间,inthpast+一段时间intherecent+一段时间,这三个用于现在完成时becauseof因为.,sellsth.tosb.=sellsb.sth.,把某物卖给某人buysthfrom.buysthforsb.给某人买东西getaneducation接受教育,takepartin=join
24、参加,ingood/badhealth身体健康/不健康,careabout关心,在乎,takecare当心,howoften隔多久一次,stopdoingsth.停止做某事,stoptodosth.停下来去做别的事,dress/undress+人,puton/wear/takeoff+衣,dropout退出,离队,dropin顺便来访,dropoutofschool退学pointat指着,pointto指向putononesclothes穿上衣服withthehelpofsb.=wihtsbshelp在别人的帮助下withoutthehelpofsb.无人帮助的情况athomeandabroa
25、d在国内外非延续性动词变为延续动词:Buy-haveopen-beopenjoin-beinborrow-keepdie-bedeadleave-beawaycomehere-beheregothere-betherebegin-beonfinish-beovermakefriends-befriendsgetready-bereadybuy-get/havearrive/getto/reach/come-beinbeat/stay,puton-haveon/weargetup-beup可延续性动词不可以与for或since连用,非延续性动词的否定式也可以和for/since连用.other其
26、他的,另外的,别的;another另一个人或事物;theother两个中的另一个;theothers其余的,剩下的人或事物;others其他的,另外的,别的人或物MODULE5onearth,究竟,到底,可用在when,what,who,where,how,which,why等之后,相当于intheworld,用在否定句中相当于not.atall;afanof,.的迷giveaconcert=giveconcerts,举行音乐会befamousfor,因.而着名(后+人或物某方面的特点,特长)befamousas,作为.而闻名(后+身份职业)attheageof=whensb.was.year
27、sold,在.岁的时候notonly.butalso.不仅.而且(就近原则)上classicalmusic,古典音乐belongto,属于sthbelongtosb.物属于人across,从一定范围内的一边到另一边,表面进行through,从中间通过或穿过,里面进行;over上方通过,不接触表面;hearof听说,beborn出生,gothrough穿过,Imnotsure我不确定,Imsure肯定,makesb.+adj使某人怎么样,makesb.dosth.使某人做某事,takesb.around带人四处走走,apieceofmusic一首乐曲,inadditionto除.以外,buyhi
28、maguitar=buyaguitarforhim给某人买吉他,goonwithsth.继续做某事,goondoingsth.继续做某事,dieof患.而死,常接hunger,cold,illness,cancer内部原因,diefrom由于.,而死,常接awound,anaccident,carelessness外部原因,learntodosth学做某事,learnfromsb.向某人学习,Learn.byheart熟记,背诵,learnoneslessonfrom.从.中吸取教训,反意疑问句:1.先断定,判断是否定或肯定.如有not,never,few,little,hardly,no,n
29、obody,seldom,nothing等词,则是否定,后面该用肯定.2.后找动,观察前面的动词,若含有或情态动词直接用,若为实义动词原形,用do,三单用does,过去式用did,hadbetter用had3.换代,主语定代词,三单用he,she,it,复用theywe;somebody,nobody类似的用they,和thing一起的用4.肯定祈使句,反问句部分可用willyou/wontyou?否定祈使句,用willyou?5.Lets.用shallwe?letus.用willyou?,6.在think,believe,suppose+从句结构中,疑问句部分与从句保持一致,同时主句的否定转
30、移到从句中;但第二,三人称与主句保持一致:Idontthinkyouhavedoneit,haveyou?/Hedoesntthinkyouhavedoneit,doeshe?即:当主句人称是一,从句是二时,看二;当主句是三时,就看三。7.回答只针对事实作答;Yes+肯定,No+否定givesb.sth=givesth.tosb.给某人某物,givein投降,giveupdoingsth放弃,giveout分发,giveawayto对.让步,ontheearth在地球上,both.and既.又.就近原则neither.nor既不.又不,就近原则either.or要么.要么.therebe,no
31、tonly.butalso就近原则,maybe可能是.maybe=perhaps大概,也许Inadditionto.除.以外(还有)=besides,but除.之外,常与否定意义词连用,当but前有do时but后接原形,except,除.之外(不包括)onholiday度假,ofcourse=,sure当然alltypesof呼种,parttimejob,一份兼职工作ononesown独自,beledby由.带领MODULE6过去进行时用法:1.表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或正存在的状态,一般常和atthattime,at点yesterday,then,lastnight,thistimey
32、esterday,thewholemorning,whenIarrived等特定的过去时间连用。2.表示一个过去动作发生时或发生之后,另一个动作正在进行或两个延续性过去的动作同时进行,常与when,while引导的时间状语从句连用。结构:was/were+V-inggoon继续,goondoingsth继续做某事(同一件事),goontodosth继续做某事(另一件事),goonwithsth继续做同一件事,但中间暂停过,Howisitgoing?=Howareyougettingon/along?近况如何?bytheriver,在河边atthistimeyesterday昨天的这个时候,in
33、atree=inthetree,在树上(外来物)onatree=onthetree,在树上,(树本身的)smileatsb.朝着某人微笑,laughatsb.嘲笑某人fallinto,掉进,跌入falloff掉下来,fallbehind,落后,跟不上fallinlovewith,爱上becareful,小心bymistake由于出错atthat/thistime在那/这时havenothingtodo没事可做,nothingstrange没什么奇怪的,takesth.outof.把.从.拿出来,happentodosth.碰巧做某事感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice,
34、smell,taste后+名词或代词+动词原形(表示动作已经发生)后+名词或代词+Ving(表示动作正在进行)underthhedge在树篱下面,godown下去,thinkabout考虑,thinkof想起,认为,thinkover仔细考虑,thinkout,想出thinkhard,努力想,努力思考Whathappenedtosb.?某人发生了什么事?beon上演,gooff熄灭,停,英语中当几个单数人称同时作主语时,先后顺序是“二、三、一”not.until直到.才.(主句中常用非延续性动词)till/until直到.为止(主句中常用延续性动词)somethingwrongwith.,出了
35、毛病,lieinbed躺在床上,jumpoutof从.跳出来,ononeswaytosomeplace,在某人去某地的路上ononeswayhome在某人回家的路上,from.to,从.到.(动词+Ving)when,while,as的区别当.时候When可与持续性动词连用,表示一段时间,也可与短暂性动词连用,表示时刻.主句的动作可以与从句的动作同时发生,也可以先后发生.如果主从句都是短暂性动词时,只能用WhenWhile表示主句和从句的动作同时发生.其从句的动词必须为延续性动词,从句多用进行时态,也可用表示状态的动词的一般时态.如果主从句都是进行时,只能用Whileas与When同义,但as
36、指主句的动作和从句的动作交替进行或同步发展.wearout穿坏,穿旧,用坏,cheerup使振奋;使兴奋,followonesadvice听从某人的建议,lookinto向.的里面看,stoptodosth.停下做另一件事stopdoingsth.停止做某事stop.fromdoingsth.阻止.做某事,whatkind哪种,akindof一种,allkindsof=differentkindsof各种各样的,kindof=abit=alittle有点,walkalong沿着.走,bymistake错误地,无意地,byoneself单独,独立地,bytheway,顺便说墙的表面用on,墙的内
37、部用inhavesomethingtodo有事可做,havesomethingtoeat有可吃的东西,havenothingtodrink没有什么喝的东西feeltired感到疲劳noone,一般不与of连用,动词用单数,只指人,一般用来回答whonone,可与of连用,动词可用单数或复数,指人或物,回答howmany/howmuch引导的问句,以及含any+n的一般问句Nothing,指物,动词用单数,withoutdoingsth.没做,betired=gettired累了,duringtheday一整天,被动语态的结构是:be+及物动词的过去分词变法:1主+谓+宾语.将宾语变作主语,将谓
38、语变被动语态,将主语变by宾语.2.主+谓+间宾+直宾将间接宾语变作主语,谓语变成被动语态,直接宾语不变.3主+谓+直宾+间宾+to或for将直变主,将谓变被告,其余不变.by原主4.主+谓+宾+宾补宾作主,谓变被,其余不变,by原主.5.主+谓+宾+宾补(let,see,make,hear,watch,feel,help,notice,observe,lookat,listento)变为被动时,后加to6.主+短语动词+宾语,宾作主,短变被,其余不变,by原主.7.带有begoingto,beaboutto,beto,haveto,usedto,besupposedto,besureto等要将to后来动词变以被动精心整理