1、 牛津英语7B Unit6知识点梳理及拓展 1. outdoor fun户外趣事 (1).同义词为outside(外部的) 反义词 indoor室内的拓展outdoor常构成固定短语：outdoor activities 室外活动 outdoor life 野外生活 outdoor exercises 户外运动(2).fun 的短语：have fun doing sth. tell funny jokes2. Hurry up, Eddie.赶快，埃迪。考点： 掌握hurry作名词与动词在句中的转换。 hurry 此处用作不及物动词，意为“匆忙;急 忙”。其过去式为hurried。(1) hu
2、rry to+地点”意为“急忙去某地”，(2) hurry to do sth.=do sth in a hurry意为“匆忙做某事”拓展 hurry也可用作名词，意为“匆忙;急忙”in a hurry匆忙，急忙；in no hurry 不用着急，慢点3. complain too much 抱怨太多 拓展complain 的用法complain about sth. 抱怨某事； complain about doing sth. 抱怨做某事complain to sb. of/ about sth.向某人抱怨某事练习：他经常跟我抱怨。 He often _ me. 他对这家餐厅的食物不满。
3、He _ the food in the restaurant. 拓展too much用法（1）后+ 不可数名词，译为“太多”；（2）修饰动词，放在被修饰词后面区别：much too太修饰adj/adv 放在被修饰词的前面too many太多修饰可数名词复数,放在被修饰词的前面助记too much, much too与too many ,too much, much too,用法区别看后头。much后接不可数，too后则接形或副,too many要记住,其后名词必复数。4.She looked up and saw a white rabbit in a coat passing by.她抬起
4、头，看到了一只穿着外套的白色兔子走了过去。考点：(1)by prep. 在旁边，靠近 掌握其作不同词性及不同搭配的用法。adv. 经过(2) pass v 经过，通过 辨析pass及past。（3）see sb doing sth 与see sb do sth 的用法拓展：(1)look up在句中意为“抬头看；往上看”。look up还有“查阅”之意练习：:When meeting new words in the reading, you can _(查找) them in the dictionary. 拓展look构成的其他常用短语：look over 查看；审阅look throug
5、h浏览look after照料；保管look out 当心；留神look round/around环顾四周look down on/upon藐视；看不起(2) pass动词，意为“经过”， 拓展pass作动词，还可表示“通过；度过”练习e.g: In the end, I _(not fail) the English exam.pass作动词，还可表示“传，递”，pass sb. sth.=pass sth. to sb.把某物传给某人练习e.g:请把那个足球递给王老师。Please _.拓展： pass away 过世；消磨掉(3) by副词，意为“经过”，常与动词go，walk，run等
6、连用拓展by还可作介词，意为“靠近；在.旁边；通过；被；经由”She is reading the novel by the fire. 她在火炉旁读小说。A beautiful girl passed by me. 一个漂亮女孩从我身旁经过。What time is it by your watch? 你的表几点了？I will go there by train. 我乘火车去那儿。I came in by the front window. 我是从前面窗户进来的。by 的短语:by the way 顺便说一下 by oneself 独自，独立 one by one 一个接着一个(4 ) s
7、ee sb. doing sth. 意为“看见某人正在做某事”，强调看到的动作正在进行。I saw her dancing in the park at six yesterday.昨天六点我看见她正在公园里跳舞。拓展see sb. do sth.意为“看到某人做了或经常做某事”，强调看到事情已经结束或看到经常性的行为。类似用法watch/ hear/ notice sb. do/ doing sthI often see her dance in the park.我经常看见她在公园里跳舞。练习：我刚才看到他在操场上打篮球. I _him _basketball on the playgro
8、und just now。我经常看到他在操场上打篮球。I often _ him _ basketball on the playground.（5）in介词，此处意为“穿着:戴着”,In+颜色/衣服表示穿着什么颜色的衣服或穿着什么样的衣服。练习：一个穿红色连衣裙的女孩 a girl _ a red dress 5.How amazing多么令人诧异! how引导的感叹句 这是一个由how引导的感叹句。how后接形容词或副词构成的感叹句的基本句式结构为:How+形容词/副词(+主语+谓语)!How beautiful the girl is!这个女孩真漂亮!How slowly the boy
9、 walks!这个男孩走得真慢!拓展由what引起的感叹句的句式结构为:What+a/an+形容词+单数名词(+主语+谓语)!What a nice girl (she is) !(她是)多好的一个女孩啊!What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词(+主语+谓语) !What cheap clothes (they are) !(它们是)多么便宜的衣服啊!What delicious food!多么美味的食物!6.Alice fell for a long time, and then she hit the ground. Alice下落了很长一段时间，然后她撞到了地面。考点：fall vi
10、 落下，掉落，倒掌握fall构成的许多短语。hit vt. 到达；击中，撞注意其过去式的拼写。(1)fall动词，意为“落下，掉落；倒下，跌落，”注意fall-fell -fallen 区别feel的过去式。拓展固定短语有：fall down掉下，摔下；fall off 掉下，跌落；fall behind落后，跟不上；fall over跌翻，摔倒fall asleep 睡着 fell into 掉入(2) hit动词，意为“击中，撞”，后面直接接人或物作宾语 注意hithit-hit 提醒在表达“击中”或“打了”某人某个部位时，英语用“主语+谓语+sb.+介词+the+身体部位”结构，常用的介
11、词有on，in。在脸、肚子等较柔软的部位，用in；在头、鼻子、背等较硬部位，用on练习e.g: She hit _(介词) the face/_(介词) the head.她打了他的脸/头。拓展hit作动词，还可表示“袭击，使.遭受”7.She found herself alone in a long, low hall.她发现她独自一人在一个又长又矮的大厅里。考点： alone adj. 独自，单独 辨析alone 及lonely。find+sb+adj 的用法(1) find herself alone为固定结构“find+宾语+形容词”，表示“发觉某人/某物处于某种(意外的)状态”；f
12、ind动词，还可意为“认为，觉得”e.g: She find English _(easy, easily) to study.拓展类似的结构有：“keep/make/think.+宾语(it)+形容词”练习：We all think _impossible to finish the work in two days.A. that B,it C.this D.one(2) alone形容词，意为“独自，单独”，习惯上只用作表语，指客观上独自一人，相当于by oneself或on ones own拓展alone作副词，意为“单独；独自”注意和lonely 的区别e.g: The old ma
13、n lives in a small village _, but she doesnt feel _.一言辨异He lives alone but he doesnt feel lonely.他一个人生活，但是他并不感到孤独。8.Then Alice noticed a small door and put the key into it.然后Alice注意到了一个小门，并把钥匙投了进去。(1) notice动词，意为“注意，察觉”，后面直接跟名词或代词作宾语提醒notice sb. doing sth.注意到某人正在做某事；notice sb. do sth.注意到某人做某事e.g:He
14、noticed a bird _(sing) in the tree.拓展 see sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事；see sb. do sth.看见某人做某事hear sb. doing sth.听到某人正在做某事；hear sb. do sth听到某人做某事(2) put.into.动词短语，意为“把.放进.”，into介词，意为“到.里面” 拓展put 与不同的介词连用构成不同的短语put away 放下,收起来,把放在原位 put back 放在原处,推迟,延期put down 镇压,写下来 put in 提交,申请put off 推迟,延期,打消,关上 put on
15、穿上,上演put out 扑灭,关灯,生产,出版 put up 张贴,留某人过夜,建造put into use 投入使用9.Alice tried to go through the door，but she was too big.爱丽丝试图穿过那扇门，可是她太大了。(1)try to do sth. 意为“设法/试图做某事”，表示 想尽一切办法把事情办成。其否定形式为try not to do sth.,意为“设法/试图不做某事”。The child tried to reach the top of the desk but he couldnt.那个孩子试图够到桌子的顶部，但是他不能。
16、拓展 try doing sth.意为“尝试做某事”，表示只是一种尝试,不一定付出很多努力。I tried making a cake but failed.我试着做蛋糕,但失败了。(2 )go through意为 “通过”,指穿过隧道、窗户、门、森林等。The dog cant go through the hole.这只狗不能从这个洞钻过去。辨析: through, over与acrossthrough“穿过,通过”指从某个 立体空间内穿过over “越过跨越”从某物的正上方跨越across “穿过” 指从某个平面的一边到另一边Look! They are walking across t
17、he road. 看了他们正在过马路。The little boy swam across the big river in the end. 小男孩最后游过了这条大河。 through的含义与in有关，表示动作发生在立体空间，是从内部穿过，即穿过洞口、树林等。如：He is walking through the forest. 他正穿过树林。across through请看右图： 10. The strange rabbit surprised Alice.=made Alice surprised. (adj) 这只奇怪的兔子令爱丽丝感到吃惊。surprise此处用作及物动词， 意为“使
18、吃惊，使措手不及”,其后常接人作宾语。The news surprised everyone.这条消息使每个人都很吃惊。拓展 surprise 还可用作名词，意为“吃惊”。in surprise意为“吃惊地”.to ones surprise意为“使某人吃惊的是”。surprisevt.surprise sb.令某人惊讶surprising (adj) surprisedadj.be surprised at/be surprised to do例句：He looked at me in surprise.他吃惊地看着我。To our surprise, he passed the exam.
19、使我们吃惊的是，他通过了考试。11.used bamboo to make kites用竹子来制作风筝use sth. to do sth.用某物做某事拓展used to do sth.过去常常做某事，表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态，而现在已不再发生或存在。提醒 易混淆的短语：used to do sth 过去常常做某事be used to do sth 被用来做某事be used to doing sth 习惯做某事12.She looked down and saw that her body became smaller and smaller. 她低头看到自己的身体变得越来越小。(
20、1).become(v.)“开始变得，变成”，后接形容词或名词短语作表语。e.g: The sky becomes sunny. 拓展类似become的连系动词有：look, feel, get, grow, keep, look, seem, smell, sound, taste, turn等。(2). smaller and smaller 越来越小。形容词比较级，意思是“越来越” 多音节表达方式more and more +形容词原级”.13. decide to enter the garden.决定进入花园。(1) decide(v.)决定 decision (n) 决定 deci
21、de to do sth.=make a decision to do sth 决定做某事 提醒decide to do sth.否定式为decide not to do sth.，表示“决定不做某事”。练习： -Xiao fang, we decided _a picnic this weekend, will you join us? -Im afraid not, I have lots of homework _,A. to have; to do B.to have ;do C.having; to do D.having; doing (2) enter(v.)“进入，加入”，后面
22、不能接介词，相当于come/go into。提醒enter的名词为entrance，意为“进入，入口处”，the entrance to .表示“的入口处”。14.Alice had to go back to the table, but she was too small to reach the key.爱丽丝只好回到桌子旁,不过她已经太小，够不到那把钥匙了。(1)too. to.意为.而不能.” 其中，too后面接形容词或副词，to是不定式符号，后接动词原形。too.for sb. to do sth.意为“对某人来说，.而不能做某事”。Im too hungry to walk th
23、ere.我太饿了,走不到那里了。The bag of rice is too heavy for Tom to carry. Lets go and help him.这袋大米太重了， 汤姆扛不动。我们过去帮帮他吧。拓展 too. to结构可与not.enough to句式互相转换，具体如下:Tom is too short to reach the key. Tom isnt tall enough to reach the key.汤姆太矮了，够不到那把钥匙。(2)reach及物动词， 意为“伸手(脚)够到”。Little Jimmy cant reach the model plane
24、on the table. 小吉米够不到桌子上的飞机模型。拓展 reach作及物动词，还可意为“到达”,其后直接跟地点。They reached Beijing yesterday.他们昨天到达了北京。语法分析一点通一、一般过去时的构成如下表：动词肯定式否定式beI wasHe (She,It) wasWe(You, They) wereI was not (wasnt)He (She, It) was not (wasnt)We(You, They) were not (werent)workI(You , He She, It , We , You, They )worked.I (You
25、, she, It, We, You, They) did not (didnt ) work.there beThere wasThere wereThere was not (wasnt)There were not (werent)动词第一人称第二人称第三人称beWas I?Yes, you were.No, you were not. Were you.?Yes, I was.No, I was not. Was he (she , it) .?Yes, he(she, it ) was.No, he(she, it) was not.Were we?Yes, we(you) were
26、.No, we (you) were not. Were you?Yes, we were.No, we were not. Were they?Yes, they were.No, they were not. 疑问式和简略答语workDid I work?Yes, you did. No, you did not. Did you work?Yes, I did.No, I did not.Did he (she , it) work?Yes, he (she, it) did.No, he (she, it)did not.Did we work ?Yes, we (you) did.N
27、o, we (you) did not.Did you work?Yes, we did.No, we did not.Did they work?Yes, they did.No, they did not.there beWas there a /any?Yes, there was.No, there was not.Were there any?Yes, there were.No, there were not.二、一般现在时和一般过去时的区别：1用法区别：（1）经常性或习惯性的动作或状态。常和often（常常），usually(通常)，always(总是),every day (每
28、天)， sometimes(有时) 等表示频度的时间状语连用。如：I get up at 6:00 every day. 我每天6:00起床。（2）普通真理。如：The moon moves round the earth. 月亮绕着地球转。（3）瞬间动词的现在时表将来。如：My uncle leaves for Beijing tomorrow. 我叔叔明天要去北京。一般过去时主要表示：（1）过去某一时间或某一段时间发生的动作或存在的状态。一般和表示过去的时间状语连用。如yesterday(昨天)， yesterday afternoon(昨天下午)， the day before yest
29、erday (前天), last night (昨夜)， last Saturday(上周午)， last week (上周)， last year (去年)， half an hour ago(半小时前)， a moment ago (不久前)， just now(刚才), two days ago (两天前), in 1998等。如：I was ill yesterday. 我昨天生病了。（2）表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。也可以和often(常常)，always(总是)等表示频度的时间状语连用。如：I always went to school by bike last year我去年经
30、常骑车上学。2结构区别：一般现在时：主语+原形动词。要特别记住在单数第三人称后动词加-s/-es。比较下列常用的三组结构：一般现在时 一般过去时He is a teacher.He was a teacher.He is not a teacher.He was not a teacher.Is he a teacher ?Was he a teacher?Yes, he is.Yes, he was.No, he isnt.No, he wasnt.一般现在时 一般过去时He has seafood for dinner sometimes He had seafood for dinner
31、 yesterday.He doesnt have seafood for dinner He didnt have seafood for dinnersometimes. yesterday.Does he have seafood for dinner some Did he have seafood for dinnertimes? yesterday.Yes, he does. Yes, he did.No, he doesnt. No, he didnt.一般现在时 一般过去时He often goes hiking. He went hiking yesterday.He doe
32、snt often go hiking. He didnt go hiking yesterday.Does he often go hiking. Did he go hiking yesterday.Yes, he does. Yes, he did.No, he doesnt. No, he didnt.三动词过去式变化规则：1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked2结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped4以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y
33、为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied5不规则动词过去式： am,is-was are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said give-gave, get-got,come-came, have/has-had,eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, go-went know-knew fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, buy
34、-bought find-found think-thought tell-told read-read swim-swam, sit-sat bring-broughtcan-could cut-cut become-became begin-began draw-drew feel-felt forget-forgot hear-heard keep-kept write-wrote learn-learnt(learned) leave-left let-let teach-taught lose-lost meet-met sleep-slept speak-spoke take-took
