1、 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.,2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.,All Rights ReservedAll Rights ReservedACCOUNTING IN BUSINESSChapter 1McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 2McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 2IdentifyingSelect transactions and eventsRecordingInput,measure and classifyCommunicatingPrepare,analyze and i
2、nterpretIMPORTANCE OF ACCOUNTINGAccountingC1McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 3McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 3USERS OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION会计信息的使用者External UsersLendersShareholdersGovernmentsConsumer GroupsExternal AuditorsCustomersInternal UsersManagersOfficers/DirectorsInternal AuditorsSales StaffBudget OfficersC
3、ontrollersC2McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 4McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 4USERS OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATIONExternal UsersFinancial accounting provides external users with financial statements.财务会计Internal UsersManagerial accounting provides information needs for internal decision makers.管理会计C2McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide
4、 5McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 5 Identify ethical concerns Analyze options Make ethical decisionUse personal ethics to recognize ethical concern.Consider all good and bad consequences.Choose best option after weighing all consequences.ETHICS-A KEY CONCEPT道德C4McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 6McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide
5、6Financial accounting practice is governed by concepts and rules known as generally accepted accounting principles(GAAP).GENERALLY ACCEPTED ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES公认会计准则Relevant Information相关Affects the decision of its users.Reliable Information可靠Is trusted by users.Comparable Information可比较Is helpful
6、 in contrasting organizations.C5McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 7McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 7The Securities and Exchange Commission is the government group that establishes reporting requirements for companies that issue stock to the public.证券交易委员会SETTING ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES制定会计准则The International Accounting S
7、tandards Board(IASB)issues International Financial Reporting Standards that identify preferred accounting practices to create harmony among accounting practices of different countries.国际会计准则委员会C5McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 8McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 8PRINCIPLES AND ASSUMPTIONS OF ACCOUNTING会计假设和原则Cost Princ
8、iple 成本Accounting information is based on actual cost.Actual cost is considered objective.Revenue Recognition Principle收入确认1.Recognize revenue when it is earned.2.Proceeds need not be in cash.3.Measure revenue by cash received plus cash value of items received.Matching Principle 配比A company must rec
9、ord its expenses incurred to generate the revenue reported.Full Disclosure Principle 充分揭示A company is required to report the details behind financial statements that would impact users decisions.C5McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 9McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 9PRINCIPLES AND ASSUMPTIONS OF ACCOUNTINGMonetary Unit A
10、ssumption 货币单位Express transactions and events in monetary,or money,units.Business Entity Assumption会计主体A business is accounted for separately from other business entities,including its owner.Time Period Assumption 会计分期Presumes that the life of a company can be divided into time periods,such as month
11、s and years.NowFutureGoing-Concern Assumption持续经营Reflects assumption that the business will continue operating instead of being closed or sold.C5McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 10McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 10FORMS OF BUSINESS ENTITIES企业形式Sole ProprietorshipPartnershipCorporationMcGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 11McGraw-Hi
12、ll/IrwinSlide 11*Proprietorships and partnerships that are set up as LLCs provide limited liability.CHARACTERISTICS OF BUSINESSES*McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 12McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 12SARBANES-OXLEY(SOX)Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act to help curb financial abuses at companies that issue their st
13、ock to the public.Management must issue a report stating that internal control are effective.Auditors must verify the effectiveness of internal controls.CompanyAlleged Accounting AbusesEnronInflating income,hid debt,and bribed officialsWorldComUnderstated expenses to inflate income and hid debtFanni
14、e MaeInflated incomeAdelphia Communications Understated expenses to inflate income and hid debtAOL Time WarnerInflated revenues and incomeXeroxInflated incomeBristol-Myers SquibbInflated revenues and incomeNortel NetwordsUnderstated expenses to inflate incomeMcGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 13McGraw-Hill/Irwi
15、nSlide 13LiabilitiesEquityAssets=+EXPANDED ACCOUNTING EQUATION会计等式RevenuesExpensesOwner CapitalOwner Withdrawals_+_Owners EquityLiabilitiesEquityAssets=+A1McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 14McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 14FINANCIAL STATEMENTS财务报表Lets prepare the Financial Statements reflecting the transactions we have recorded.P1McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 15McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 15END OF CHAPTER 1
