1、 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.,2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.,All Rights ReservedAll Rights ReservedANALYZING AND RECORDING TRANSACTIONSChapter 2McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 2McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 2Analyze each transaction and event from source documents原始凭原始凭证证ANALYZING AND RECORDING PROCESSR
2、ecord relevant transactions and events in a journal日日记帐记帐Post journal information to ledger accounts分分类帐类帐Prepare and analyze the trial balance试试算平衡表算平衡表C1McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 3McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 3Sales Tickets销售单Bank Statements银行对帐单Purchase Orders订单Checks支票SOURCE DOCUMENTS原始凭证Bills from Suppl
3、iers供货商帐单Employee EarningsRecords员工薪资记录C2McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 4McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 4帐户An account is a record of increases and decreases in a specific asset,liability,equity,revenue,or expense item.THE ACCOUNT AND ITS ANALYSIS总分类帐The general ledger is a record containing all accounts used by the
4、 company.C3McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 5McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 5AssetsAccountsAssetsAccountsAssetAccounts=THE ACCOUNT AND ITS ANALYSIS+LiabilityAccountsLiabilityAccountsLiabilityAccountsEquityAccountsEquityAccountsEquityAccountsOwner,CapitalOwner,WithdrawalsC3McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 6McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlid
5、e 6LandEquipmentBuildingsCashNotes Receivable应应收票据收票据Supplies物料物料Prepaid Accounts预预付付帐户帐户Accounts Receivable应应收收帐帐款款AssetAccountsASSET ACCOUNTS资产帐户C3McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 7McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 7Accrued Liabilities应计负债应计负债Unearned Revenue预预收收入收收入Notes Payable应应付票据付票据Accounts Payable应应付付帐帐款款Liabili
6、tyAccountsLIABILITY ACCOUNTS负债帐户C3McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 8McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 8RevenuesOwners EquityOwners WithdrawalsExpensesEQUITY ACCOUNTS权益帐户Owners Capital所有者所有者资资本本C3McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 9McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 9LiabilitiesEquityAssets=+THE ACCOUNT AND ITS ANALYSISOwners Capital Owners Wit
7、hdrawals RevenuesExpenses+C3McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 10McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 10LEDGER AND CHART OF ACCOUNTS分类帐和会计科目表The chart of accounts is a list of all accounts and includes anidentifying number for each account.C4McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 11McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 11DEBITS AND CREDITS借贷C5McGraw-Hill/
8、IrwinSlide 12McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 12LiabilitiesEquityAssets=+DOUBLE-ENTRY ACCOUNTING复式记帐Debit CreditDebit CreditDebit CreditASSETS +-LIABILITIES -+EQUITIES -+C5McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 13McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 13_+_Debit CreditOwners Capital -+Debit CreditOwners Withdrawals +-Debit CreditExpenses +-
9、Debit Credit Revenues -+DOUBLE-ENTRY ACCOUNTINGC5McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 14McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 14DOUBLE-ENTRY ACCOUNTINGAn account balance（余额）is the difference between the increases and decreases in an account.Notice the T-Account.C5McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 15McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 15JOURNALIZING&PO
10、STING TRANSACTIONSStep 1:Analyze transactions and source documents.LiabilitiesEquityAssets=+Step 2:Apply double-entry accountingACCOUNT NAME:ACCOUNT No.DateDescriptionPRDebitCreditBalanceStep 4:Post entry to ledgerGENERAL JOURNALPage 123DateDescriptionPost.Ref.DebitCreditStep 3:Record journal entryP
11、1McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 16McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 16Dollar amount of debits and creditsJOURNALIZING TRANSACTIONS Transaction DateTransaction explanationTitles of Affected AccountsP1McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 17McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 17BALANCE COLUMN ACCOUNT三栏式帐户T-accounts are useful illustrations,but bal
12、ance column ledger accounts are used in practice.P1McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 18McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 181Identify the debit account in ledger.POSTING JOURNAL ENTRIESP1McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 19McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 192Enter the date.POSTING JOURNAL ENTRIESP1McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 20McGraw-Hill/IrwinSli
13、de 203Enter the amount and description.POSTING JOURNAL ENTRIESP1McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 21McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 214Enter the journal reference.POSTING JOURNAL ENTRIESP1McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 22McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 225Compute the balance.POSTING JOURNAL ENTRIESP1McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 23McGraw-Hill
14、/IrwinSlide 23Enter the ledger reference.6POSTING JOURNAL ENTRIESP1McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 24McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 24ANALYZING TRANSACTIONSAnalysis:Double entry:101301Posting:A1McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 25McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 25ANALYZING TRANSACTIONSAnalysis:Double entry:126101Posting:A1McGraw-Hill/I
15、rwinSlide 26McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 26ANALYZING TRANSACTIONSAnalysis:Double entry:167101Posting:A1McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 27McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 27ANALYZING TRANSACTIONSAnalysis:Double entry:126201Posting:A1McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 28McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 28ANALYZING TRANSACTIONSAnalysis:Double entry
16、:403101Posting:A1McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 29McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 29After processing its remaining transactions for December,FastForwards Trial Balance is prepared.DebitsCreditsCash4,350$Accounts receivable-Supplies9,720 Prepaid Insurance2,400 Equipment26,000 Accounts payable6,200$Unearned consulting
17、 revenue3,000 C.Taylor,Capital30,000 Owners Withdrawals200 Consulting revenue5,800 Rental revenue300 Salaries expense1,400 Rent expense1,000 Utilities expense230 Total45,300$45,300$FastForwardTrial BalanceDecember 31,2009The trial balance lists all account balances in the general ledger.If the books
18、 are in balance,the total debits will equal the total credits.P2McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 30McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 30PREPARING A TRIAL BALANCEPreparing a trail balance involves three steps:1.List each account title and its amount(from ledger)in the trial balance.If an account has a zero balance,list it
19、 with a zero in the normal balance column(or omit it entirely).2.Compute the total of debit balances and the total of credit balances.3.Verify(prove)total debit balances equal total credit balances.P2McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 31McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 31SEARCHING FOR AND CORRECTING ERRORSIf the trial ba
20、lance does not balance,the error(s)must be found and corrected.Make sure the trial balance columns are correctly added.Make sure account balances are correctly entered from the ledger.See if debit or credit accounts are mistakenly placed on the trial balance.Re-compute each account balance in the le
21、dger.Verify that each journal entry is posted correctly.Verify that each original journal entry has equal debits and credits.P2McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 32McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 32USING A TRIAL BALANCE TO PREPARE FINANCIAL STATEMENTSIncome StatementStatement of Cash FlowsStatement of Owners EquityBegin
22、ning Balance SheetEnding Balance SheetPeriod of TimePoint inTimePoint inTimeP3McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 33McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 33INCOME STATEMENTP3McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 34McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 34STATEMENT OF OWNERS EQUITYC.Taylor,Capital 12/1/09-$Net income for December3,470 Plus:Investments by Own
23、er30,000 33,470 Less:Owner Withdrawals200 .C.Taylor,Capital,12/31/0933,270$Statement of Owners Equity For the Month Ended December 31,2009 FASTFORWARDP3McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 35McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 35BALANCE SHEETP3McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 36McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 36PRESENTATION ISSUES1.Dollar signs
24、 are not used in journals and ledgers.2.Dollar signs appear in financial statements and other reports such as trial balances.The usual practice is to put dollar signs beside only the first and last numbers in a column.3.When amount are entered in the journal,ledger,or trial balance,commas are option
25、al to indicate thousands,millions,and so forth.4.Commas are always used in financial statements.5.Companies commonly round amounts in reports to the nearest dollar,or even to a higher level.P3McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 37McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 37DEBT TO ASSETS RATIO债务与资产比率Total DebtTotal AssetsEvaluates the level of debt risk.A higher ratio indicates that there is a greater probability that a company will not be able to pay its debt in the future.A2McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 38McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 38END OF CHAPTER 2
