1、知识梳理知识梳理八年级下册八年级下册一、语法一、语法1.1.动词时态动词时态 2.2.并列复合句并列复合句3.3.宾语从句宾语从句1、动词时态、动词时态名称名称 特征词特征词 肯定句的动词肯定句的动词一般现在一般现在sometimes,usually,often always,every.,原形原形 第三人称单数第三人称单数现在完成时现在完成时ever,already,just,yet for/since so far have/has+V过过去分词去分词一般过去一般过去yesterday.,just now,.ago,this morning,When I was young,过去式过去式动
2、词否定句一般疑问句原形在主语后dontDo 主语主语+V？第三人 称单数在主语后doesnt动词原形Does 主语动词原形？否定句一般疑问句只在其后not (some-any)将其放到句首.？句中没有be、的变法一般现在时有be 的变法否定句、一般疑问句的结构否定句、一般疑问句的结构动词否定句一般疑问句过去式主语didnt动词原形+其他。Did动词原形其他？否定句：主语+have/has +not+V过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语主语+V过去分词过去分词+其他？一般过去式的句子结构：肯定句：主语+have/has+V过去分词+其他.现在完成时的句子结构现在完成时
3、的句子结构一般疑问句回答一般疑问句回答:Is he.?Yes,he is.No,he isnt.Do you.?Yes,I do.No,I dont.Does.she?Yes she does.No,she doesnt.Did they.?Yes,they did.No,they didnt.Have you.?Yes,I have.No.I havent.Were they.?Yes,they were.No,they werent.Was he.?Yes,he was.No,he wasnt.Has she?Yes,she has.No,she hasnt.2、并列复合句、并列复合句并列
4、复合句是由并列词and,but,or 等把两个或者两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。并列复合句的构成：简单句+并列连词+简单句。并列连词前后简单句之间的关系。（1.）并列关系用and (2.)选择关系 用or（3.）转折关系用but 3、宾语从句、宾语从句1.引导词的选择引导词的选择一般疑问句充当宾语从句一般疑问句充当宾语从句特殊疑问句充当宾语从句特殊疑问句充当宾语从句疑问代词或疑问副词疑问代词或疑问副词2.语序语序 陈述句语序陈述句语序3.时态时态陈述句充当宾语从句陈述句充当宾语从句主句主句一般现在时一般现在时一般一般过去过去时时从句从句按实际情况用相应时态按实际情况用相应时态过去过去的
5、某种时态的某种时态4.当主句谓语动词为当主句谓语动词为think，suppose，expect，believe 等时，其后的宾语从等时，其后的宾语从句为否定句时，常将否定词句为否定句时，常将否定词not从从句中移到主句中，构成从从句中移到主句中，构成否定转移否定转移 5.如果从句说的是如果从句说的是客观现象或真理客观现象或真理，无论主句是什么时态，从句都，无论主句是什么时态，从句都用用一般现在时一般现在时。thatif/whether直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系1.陈述句变为引导的宾语从句陈述句变为引导的宾语从句e.g.1.He said,“You ar
6、e younger than I”.2.He says,“Tom is a good student”.He said that I was younger than him.He says that Tom is a good student.直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系3.3.一般疑问句引导的宾语从句一般疑问句引导的宾语从句e.g.1.She said,“Do you often come here to read newspaper?”2.“Will they go to visit the Great Wall?”he asked.She ask
7、ed if(whether)I often came here to read newspaper.He asked if(whether)they would go to visit the Great Wall.直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系2.特殊疑问句引导的宾语从句特殊疑问句引导的宾语从句e.g.1.He asked,“Where do you live?”2.“How can we get to the post-office?”he asked.He asked where I lived.He asked how they could get
8、 to the post-office.二、话题二、话题1.1.人的相貌及性格人的相貌及性格2.2.天气及季节天气及季节3.3.看病与健康看病与健康 4.4.假期假期三、三、句句子子简单句简单句并列句并列句复合句复合句选择问句选择问句特殊疑问句特殊疑问句感叹句感叹句一般疑问句一般疑问句否定句否定句祈使句祈使句简单句简单句并列句并列句复合句复合句选择问句选择问句特殊疑问句特殊疑问句感叹句感叹句This is an orange bike.He knows me and I know him.When I was 5,I could swim.Did you live here or there?
9、What did they learn just now?What a heavy rain it is!Does Tom speak French?I dont understand it.Stand（Dont）up.一般疑问句一般疑问句否定句否定句祈使句祈使句四、句型四、句型(及交际用语及交际用语)1.对某人来说做某事是怎么样的对某人来说做某事是怎么样的：It is+adj.for/of sb.+to do sth.2.提问看病的提问看病的：What can I do for you?Can I help you?Whats wrong?Whats the matter?3.回答生病情况回
10、答生病情况：1)I have got a headache.stomach ache.toothache.fever.cough.cold.catch a cold 2)就此病症提出合理建议就此病症提出合理建议 Take/Have some/these medicine three times a day.Drink more water and stay in bed for a few days.Its nothing serious.Youll be/get/become OK/well soon/in one or two days.Dont be so tired.4.提问某人的爱好
11、提问某人的爱好：What s your hobby?回答爱好：回答爱好：My hobby is collecting fans/tickets.collecting stamps/model cars.writing.playing basketball.swimming.running.singing.5.提问人的相貌提问人的相貌：What does.look like?6.提问人的性格提问人的性格：What is.like?7.到该做什么事的时候了。到该做什么事的时候了。Its time to do sth.Its time for sth.8.提建议用语提建议用语：Why not do
12、sth.?Why dont you do sth.?What/How about sth./doing sth.?Its best to do sth.Youd better do sth.You should do sth.五、词类五、词类1.动词动词6.形容词、副词形容词、副词2.系动词系动词7.数词数词3.代词代词8.频率副词频率副词4.不定代词不定代词9.介词介词5.连词连词10.疑问词疑问词1.动词动词(谓语谓语)He watches TV every day.He is watching TV now.He watched TV a moment ago.动词动词(非谓语非谓语)H
13、e enjoys watching TV.Jim makes me laugh.I wanted to see it again.2.系动词系动词(+形容词的动词形容词的动词)lookbeturn getsoundbecometastefeelsmell1)Jims idea sounds nice.2)Kate looks taller.3)I feel nervous now.4)Beijing becomes bigger.5)The days get long.6)The cake tastes delicious.3.不定代词不定代词1.other,others,the other,
14、the others,another,One.,the other.,any other2.one,ones,ones 3.somethingsomebody/someone anythinganybody/anyone everythingeverybody/everyone nothingnobody/no one5.连词连词1.and 7.when2.but 8.before3.or 9.after4.so 10.as5.though 11.if6.because用用and,when,because,but,or,so,though before,after,if,填空填空1.Jim o
15、ften helps me with my English _ I often help him with his Chinese.2._ the question is very difficult,few of us can answer it.3.Mr.Black is over 70 years old,_ he still works 8 hours a day.Becauseandbut4.Everyone must be here _ 6:00 tomorrow.5._it is raining heavily,the farmers are still working in t
16、he field.6.I can help you _ I have time.用用and,when,because,but,or,so,though before,after,if,填空填空Thoughbeforeif7._ getting up,I always listen to the radio for a while.8.We must be quick,_ we cant follow them.9.To catch the early bus,_ I got up very early this morning.用用and,when,because,but,or,so,thou
17、gh before,after,if,填空填空soorAfter10._ the teacher came in,I was thinking about the game.11._ you know him,why not go and meet Jim instead of me,Kate?用用and,when,because,but,or,so,though before,after,if,填空填空IfWhen6.形容词、副词形容词、副词形容词与形容词与副词的转副词的转换换在词尾处在词尾处+lyy结尾时结尾时,去去y+ily有的有的e结尾的单词结尾的单词,需去需去y+ly，有，有的则直接
18、的则直接+ly。1.quickquickly 2.easy-easily3.terrible-terribly 4.true-truly5.brave-bravely 6.careful-carefully形容词、副词的使用形容词、副词的使用形形容容词词副副词词修饰修饰名词名词修饰修饰动词、形容词动词、形容词They are clever boys.I prefer long hair.It really sounds nice.They work very hard.7.数词数词数数词词基数词变序数词基数词变序数词百百,千千,万万,的表达的表达几分之几几分之几用来表达时、分用来表达时、分用来
19、表达年、月、日用来表达年、月、日8.频率副词频率副词 用用How often 对它们进行提问。对它们进行提问。他们体现了动词出现的频率程度。他们体现了动词出现的频率程度。I always have milk for breakfast.I usually have eggs for breakfast.I often have noodles for it.I sometimes have fruits for it.I seldom have rice for it.I never have meat in the morning.9.与与时时间间相相关关的的介介词词for 时间段前时间段前
20、in 某年、某月前某年、某月前on 具体日子、节日、具体日子、节日、生日、星期几前生日、星期几前at 某分，某时前某分，某时前当当“早上、下午、晚上早上、下午、晚上”被被修饰修饰时不用时不用 in 而用而用on.表示表示方位的方位的介词：介词：某物处在某处的某物处在某处的东南西北东南西北。The Positionin,to,on 的区别的区别on 某处在某处某处在某处之之内内某处与某处某处与某处相相接壤接壤某处某处在某在某处之处之外外 in to with 的多种的多种用法用法do sth.with sb./sth.a girl with long haira room with two do
21、orsa city with large populationbe busy with sth.be popular with.be with a style of.talk with sb.help sb.with sth.an action movie with Jackie ChanWhats wrong/the matter with.?10.疑问词疑问词提问几提问几点钟点钟What time is it?Whats the time?价格价格how much地点地点where数量数量how many.how much.程度、程度、方式方式how动词、动词、宾语宾语what.do.wh
22、at主语主语who,whom.性格性格Whats.like?时间时间when长相长相What does/do.look like?频率频率how often天气天气Whats.like?Hows.?六、易混淆的词、词组六、易混淆的词、词组What is.like?What does.look like?1.2.3.what to dohow to dowake upwake sb.up4.5.there behave/hasjointake part in.6.7.8.in the east of.to the east of.triptravelother,othersthe other,t
23、he othersOne.,the other.,anotherany other schoolsany other school9.10.11.12.stop to do sth.stop doing sth.as well as exceptbesidesa little,little,a bit,a bit of.a few,fewget to.arrive in/at.reach13.too muchmuch too14.by cartake a car15.16.excited,interested,amazedexciting,interesting,amazingIts time
24、 to.Its time for.18.noise,voice,sound19.hear,listen,listen to20.say,tell,talk,speak21.read,watch,see,look,look at17.likeas八、易八、易错错的词的词+doing还有还有介词介词busyfinish enjoy spend keep prefer practicemakelet+do+doingplanorderdecidewantask +to do1.Without thinking more,he left here.2.I cant finish writing it
25、in only a few minutes.3.Everyone is busy getting ready for the final exams.4.Mother always spends much time doing such foolish things.5.Jim was good at dancing when he was young.6.Lets practice speaking English,OK?九、不易用对的词九、不易用对的词 enough (名词名词前前)enough water enough books enough time enough people enough (形容词、副词形容词、副词后后)tall enough strong enough good enough big enough十、形容词十、形容词与与不定代词不定代词的位置的位置something easy,hard,important.anything useful,interesting,funny.nothing difficult,cheap,amazing,exciting.Where there is a will,there is a way.
